CN105279793A - Modeling method and system based on DEM real three-dimensional map and greenway - Google Patents
Modeling method and system based on DEM real three-dimensional map and greenway Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a modeling method based on a DEM real three-dimensional map and greenways. The modeling method comprises the steps of: A, intercepting a remote sensing base map of a specified region on a map downloaded from BigeMap by utilizing a BigeMap intercepting device; B, vectorizing factors for intercepting the base map of the specified region; C, conducting altitude data assignment and altitude division on the vectorized base map of the specified region in the DEM; D, respectively manufacturing three-dimensional models in MapGIS and 3DMAX according to the base map assigned with the altitude data; E, integrating a MapGIS three-dimensional model and a 3DMAX three-dimensional model in the MapGIS and pasting materials; F, and carrying out spatial analysis and attribute query on the three-dimensional model after materials pasting. The modeling method and the modeling system achieve the organic combination of functions such as ecology, recreation and culture, establish a slow-moving traffic system, apply the GIS-based real three-dimensional model to the new field of traffic construction, facilitate engineering construction, and have great innovativeness and significance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3-D technology field, particularly relate to a kind of modeling method based on the true three-dimensional map of DEM and green road and system.
Background technology
MapGIS be the whole world first there is the GIS software platform of " cloud " characteristic.A new generation MapGIS10 cloud GIS software is supplied to user's software product or service one by one with solid-state form unlike GIS software in the past, but be supplied to user with the form independently customized by internet form, by user oneself according to required polymerization, reconstruct various GIS instrument, final migration forms the sector application needed for oneself.These instruments can completely plug arbitrarily according to the wish of user and combine, and construct abundant application function, real realize the intelligence one's own application software of customization and solution, thus the system that realizes have more intelligentized should with needing.
The brand-new TCV software configuration of MapGIS10 and " vertical raw " development mode, function and data are separated characteristic, can make data and data, function and data can be separated from one another and be polymerized, and reconstruct new application.When micro-kernel and middleware etc. the function of the bottom combines, the application of cloud GIS could really be landed.
At large data age, what user needed is not the polymerization of data, but to the polymerization of serving after data mart modeling.Now, internet giant sets foot in GIS field one after another, and for user provides convenient location-based service, its behind is data.In whole Map Services all perfervid today, how to be the popular value excavating GIS service to a deeper level, more abundanter GIS service are provided, also need to rely on advanced GIS instrument.
MapGIS10 have vertical raw arbitrarily, migration convenience, free crowd, be easy to the features such as reconstruct, comprehensively the such one of satisfied structure efficiently, " cloud " tool set easily.User can utilize MapGIS10 heartily DIY go out to meet demand GIS application.Not only can develop on ripe performance basis at others and use by oneself, the development also can sharing oneself is used to other developers.These instruments can completely plug arbitrarily according to the wish of user and combine, and construct abundant application function, real realize the intelligence one's own application software of customization and solution, thus the system that realizes has more and intelligentizedly to become with needing.
We complete our project research by MAPGIS10 software, customize one's own solution, thus the system that realizes have more intelligentized with need and should.
Green road network is a kind of theory of harmonious co-existence between man and nature, if from universe aspect go examine closely Human being and nature system, be an adaptive system, and if by the mankind with naturally separate, the green road, city of every type will also exist its generation mechanism.In this generation mechanism, the effect of people is very important, and what the current mankind adopted mostly when processing this relation in city is Planning instrument, goes the activity limiting the mankind, thus enable the activity of the mankind meet the rule of urban development by planning.Therefore, can think that formulating the city green road network planning meeting green road, city network generation mechanism is build the most effective method of city Lv Dao.
Foreign country's green road design is flourish: past decades New England Region green road plan and achieved very large achievement: now there is green channel area and reached 30670Km2, add and build Zhong Lv road, estimate will reach 45184Km2 in the recent period, account for 28% of whole distract area.The U.S. through Parkmovement and open space planning tide after, the open space stayed and the greenery patches scale that tool is certain.Their task remained by 21 century, the green space these be scattered here and there on the whole nation is at all levels is exactly communicated with the form in green road, thus forms the green road network of globality.
Green road, Shenzhen design proposal: for carrying out " Delta of Pearl River reform and development planning outline (2008-2020) ", advance Pearl River Delta regional integration and special zone integration, make rational in infrastructure, perfect in shape and function, benefit Shenzhen Lv Dao net system of the people's livelihood, optimize and promote whole city human settlement, according to " Delta of the Pearl River green road net general plan outline ", in conjunction with the actual conditions in the city, formulate green road, Shenzhen net planning construction general embodiment.Build and be always about 2000 kilometers, comprise region Lv Dao, city Lv Dao, community Lv Dao, contain the green road of the ecotype, type outside of the city, city type, build rational in infrastructure, be connected in order, be communicated with convenient, comprehensive Shenzhen Lv Dao network system.
The resolution atmosphere spatial resolution (ground resolution) of remotely-sensed data, spectral resolution (POP band number), temporal resolution (repetition period) and temperature resolution.
For ground resolution, the MSS image of Landsat satellite, the ground resolution of pixel is 79m, the ground resolution of TM (thematic mapper) image after 1983-1984 on Landsat-5/5 is then 30m, the SPOT-5 satellite of France adopts three new high resolving power geometry Image-forming instruments, the ground resolution of 5m and 2.5m is provided, and can along rail or different rail three-dimensional imaging.American I KONOS-2 and QuickBird satellite, can provide the panchromatic image of 1m and 0.61m spatial resolution and the multispectral image of 4m and 2.44m spatial resolution respectively, and all these is that the Quantitative study of urban remote sensing provides guarantee.
The earliest application of remote sensing technology in city planning appears in planning and design, as function division designs etc. such as roads; Appear in Site Selection enforcement subsequently, as carried out cost budgeting, removal amount estimation etc.At present; along with remote sensing affects the raising of resolution, remote sensing technology has been widely used in city layout, the adjustment of city planning, history culture protection, reconstruction of the old city town, Land Change Survey, Urban Traffic Planning, city planning dynamic monitoring, the auxiliary field such as Executing The Law While Managing Land inspection, the investigation of Illegal Construction land used.
Remote sensing technology is efficient information acquisition means, utilizes remote sensing technology to obtain city planning desired data and has feature:
(1) large area, comprehensive present status of land utilization information can be obtained.
(2) renewal speed is fast, can be Land Change Survey and provides data source.
(3) effective automatic monitoring means can be provided for land use planning dynamic supervision.
Based on these features, remote sensing technology has adapted to the needs of development of urban planning trend, and become the best means obtaining and upgrade urban information at present, therefore remotely-sensed data also becomes the significant data source of urban planning information system.
Such as, the some problem existed in current urban planning and construction, as Illegal Construction occurs in a large number, the combination area of city and country builds chaotic, and breaking-up historical relic is torn open greatly and built in large scale, criticizes without authorization build without planning, etc., be necessary to take a kind of effective mode in real time to strengthen city planning supervision.Application remote sensing image carries out the investigation of Illegal Construction, utilizes high-resolution remote sensing image to provide the business operational system of Illegal Construction, can realize following function:
(1) discovery, the supervision of Illegal Construction is assisted.
(2) variation monitoring of auxiliary urban road and buildings, provides planning management foundation.
(3) the remote sensing and GIS information of Up-to-date state is provided, auxiliary emphasis siting analysis and decision-making.
Remote sensing is in the application in city planning field, and the monitoring and control for the Illegal Construction in city planning provides a kind of technological means efficiently.It has, and drafting period is short, cost is low, effective high, all can play a significant role in the sector planning such as urban master plan, traffic, city planning adjustment, reconstruction of the old city town, history culture protection, the monitoring of Illegal Construction land used, post-disaster reconstruction planning etc.After Wenchuan earthquake occurs, what can be used for post-disaster reconstruction planning carries empty remote sensing image.Similar, we can adopt the high-resolution remote sensing image of such quick obtaining to carry out venue addressing, travelling scenery section planning etc.
Utilize the high resolution ratio satellite remote-sensing image of different phase; in conjunction with overall city planning; block planning; the related data of enforcing the law after regulatory plan and program examination and approval; pass through field investigation; the change information of change detection techniques to city based on remote sensing image is used to extract; the protection lands used such as construction land, land use for greening, lake, massif are monitored; adopt urban changes information extraction and the dynamic monitoring method based on remote sensing image and flow process, can be Urban Reasonable and to plan and sustainable development provides science data accurately.
Adopted a large amount of manpower and materials to carry out exploration different, this object Campus Space basic data comes from the strong remote sensing image data source of Up-to-date state in the past.
The resolution of remotely-sensed data is divided into spatial resolution (ground resolution), spectral resolution (wave spectrum band number), temporal resolution (repetition period) and temperature resolution.
Current planning and design majority adopts AUTOCAD software, can create the fundamental figure objects such as straight line, circle, ellipse, polygon, SPL in many ways.AUTOCAD provides orthogonal, Object Snap, pole axis and follows the trail of, catches the drawing Aids such as tracking.Orthogonal function makes user can drafting level easily, vertically straight line, and Object Snap can help to pick up the particular point in geometric object, and tracking function makes picture oblique line and become along different directions anchor point and be more prone to.The deficiency of AUTOCAD making map is mainly reflected in does not have attributive analysis and spatial analysis functions.The present state in planning and design institute is the design adopting CAD to carry out planar figure, does design sketch with 3DMAX, lacks powerful, abundant Spatial data query function, cannot relation between data set up Spatial Data Model; Spatial data can not be made more intuitively to give expression to its latent meaning, improve the Forecast and control ability of geographical spatial event
Traditional two-dimensional map, as mapping product routinely, be a kind of effective geospatial information carrier, be familiar with geographical environment people, obtaining and played vital role in analytical applications geography information, is the important behaviour form of geography information.We live in a very three-dimensional real world, and blue print just all carries out the simplify processes to equatorial projection to the various geographic object be in three dimensions, cause the loss of the geometric position information on third dimension direction (i.e. vertical direction), space topological information and part of semantic information, intactly can not react objective world.Therefore, based on CAD two-dimentional blue print expressed by geography information be solidify, plane.
Table 1-1CAD/ two-dimension GIS/true three-dimension GIS contrast table
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of modeling method based on the true three-dimensional map of DEM and green road, be intended to solve above-mentioned technical matters.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of modeling method based on the true three-dimensional map of DEM and green road, and described modeling method comprises the following steps:
A, utilize Bigemap Map seized device to download at BigeMap map on intercept the remote sensing base map of appointed area and by the gps data of surveying, base map corrected;
B, vector quantization is carried out to the key element of base map intercepting appointed area;
C, in DEM, altitude figures assignment is carried out to the base map of appointed area vector quantization and elevation divides, in different elevation faces, set up different buildings or atural object realizes on DEM, set up map and Lv Dao;
D, make three-dimensional model according to the base map of assignment altitude figures respectively at MapGIS, 3DMAX;
E, in MapGIS, MapGIS three-dimensional model and 3DMAX three-dimensional model are carried out merging and carry out material and paste;
F, carry out spatial analysis and attribute query to pasting the three-dimensional model after material;
G, the map set up on DEM and Lv Dao to be roamed.
Further technical scheme of the present invention is: further comprising the steps of in described step B:
B1, make district according to the profile of buildings on base map and make buildings and Lv Dao respectively along road.
Further technical scheme of the present invention is: further comprising the steps of in described step C:
C1, in " DEM analysis " inquiry obtain the elevation numerical value of base map;
The height of trees and building in C2, acquisition base map;
C3, do with the height value of inquiry the elevation differing from and obtain landform by obtaining trees and the height of building;
C4, the landform getting elevation is carried out to the division level of differing heights on different elevation faces, set up different buildings or atural object realizes on DEM, set up map and Lv Dao.
Further technical scheme of the present invention is: further comprising the steps of in described step D:
D1, by two-dimensional vector data being generated in DEM surface level, buildings and Lv Dao to be depended in landform.
Further technical scheme of the present invention is: further comprising the steps of in described steps A:
A1, by download intercept base map carrying out grid rectification;
A2, material in kind is extracted to field exploring carry out base map finishing.
Further technical scheme of the present invention is: in described step F, space analysis package draws together surface distance Measurement and analysis, gradient aspect analysis, visual analysis, Sunlight Analysis and landform cutting analysis; The described gradient
The function that aspect analysis adopts: A=270 °+arctg (f
y/ f
x)-90 ° of f
x/ | f
x|, (2), wherein the S gradient, A slope aspect, fx is North and South direction elevation rate of change, and fy is east-west direction elevation rate of change.
Another object of the present invention is to the modeling provided based on the true three-dimensional map of DEM and green road, this modeling comprises:
Producing basic map module, the map downloaded at BigeMap is intercepted the remote sensing base map figure of appointed area and corrected base map by the gps data of surveying for utilizing Bigemap Map seized device;
Vector quantization module, for carrying out vector quantization to the key element of the base map intercepting appointed area;
Assignment module, for carrying out altitude figures assignment to the base map of appointed area vector quantization in DEM;
Make three-dimensional model module, for making three-dimensional model according to the base map of assignment altitude figures respectively at MapGIS, 3DMAX;
Merge and paste module, paste for MapGIS three-dimensional model and 3DMAX three-dimensional model being carried out merging and carry out material in MapGIS;
Analysis and consult module, for carrying out spatial analysis and attribute query to pasting the three-dimensional model after material;
Roam module, for roaming the map set up on DEM and Lv Dao.
Further technical scheme of the present invention is: also comprise in described vector quantization module:
Mapping unit, for making district according to the profile of buildings on base map and making buildings and Lv Dao respectively along road.
Further technical scheme of the present invention is: also comprise in described assignment module:
Elevation query unit, obtains the elevation numerical value of base map for inquiry in " DEM analysis ";
Height acquiring unit, for obtaining the height of trees and building in base map;
Landform altitude acquiring unit, for doing obtaining trees and the height of building and the height value of inquiry the elevation that difference obtains landform;
Distinguishing hierarchy unit, for carrying out the division level of differing heights to the landform getting elevation in different elevation faces, setting up different buildings or atural object and realizing on DEM, set up map and Lv Dao.
Further technical scheme of the present invention is: also comprise after described analysis and consult module:
Buildings and Lv Dao depend on unit, for two-dimensional vector data being generated surface level in DEM, buildings and Lv Dao are depended on landform;
Also comprise in described producing basic map module:
Correcting unit, for carrying out grid rectification by downloading the base map intercepted;
Trimming unit, carries out base map finishing for extracting material in kind to field exploring;
Analyze between described analysis and consult module hollow and comprise surface distance Measurement and analysis, gradient aspect analysis, visual analysis, Sunlight Analysis and landform cutting analysis; The function that described gradient aspect analysis adopts:
A=270 °+arctg (f
y/ f
x)-90 ° of f
x/ | f
x|, (2), wherein the S gradient, A slope aspect, fx is North and South direction elevation rate of change, and fy is east-west direction elevation rate of change.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention realizes ecology, stroll about or have a rest and the combination of the function such as culture, set up the slow-moving traffic system in campus; And can Expected Results be realized, to showing that campus style and features, campus navigation, international communication etc. serve the frontier that the true three-dimensional modeling based on GIS have been used a traffic construction by positive role, facilitating engineering construction, there is great novelty and meaning.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the modeling method based on the true three-dimensional map of DEM and green road that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of the modeling based on the true three-dimensional map of DEM and green road that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 3 is that the surface distance amount that the embodiment of the present invention provides calculates schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Fig. 1,3 shows the process flow diagram of the modeling method based on the true three-dimensional map of DEM and green road provided by the invention, and details are as follows for it:
Step S1, the map utilizing Bigemap Map seized device to download at BigeMap is intercepted the remote sensing base map of appointed area and is corrected base map by the gps data of surveying; By "
BIGEMAP map interceptor " download map.The map downloaded has longitude and latitude, but the coordinate precision of the coordinate of the figure that rice song BIGEMAP intercepts and BIGEMAP is completely the same, therefore, its precision depends on the precision of BIGEMAP completely, there is coordinate encryption and situation about offseting in BIGEMAP, rice song BIGEMAP equally also has coordinate offset and a little bias, and this deviation is substantially at about 5M, so, also to carry out grid rectification to " base map ".To the building of newly-built and variation, we in many ways contrast in the map software of other companies, then the exploration carried out on the spot and shooting.Bigemap map interceptor is up-to-date software.Compared with singing GoogleMap with rice, the bigemap accuracy of map reaches 5 meters, and rice song GoogleMap then has 500 error of meter.Bigemap map advantage: 1, Global Satellite download image.Rectangle is selected in support administrative region, frame, polygonal region scope high definition is defended sheet and downloaded, and supports that defending sheet along route high definition downloads.Sheet 1.2 high definition, accurate, no-watermark are defended in all downloads.2, map superposition, seamless spliced.Support that Google's street map, three-dimensional city, 3d map multi-mode freely switch and superpose; Efficiently seamless spliced, Lossless Compression, piecemeal splicing; Support that User Defined terrestrial reference is plotted on the large figure of splicing, be convenient to mapping, editor and application.3, specialty correction, superhigh precision.Support that any yardstick, Arbitrary width data are downloaded, and all downloading datas perfection correction; Data intensive reading after correction is within 5 meters; For different projected map perfection correction, add partially, and Kml or Excel form is provided, be convenient to all kinds of tool loads editor.4, map coordinates system is easily changed.Support the conversion of WGS84 map coordinates system; Support Beijing 54 map coordinates system conversion; Support Xi'an 80 map coordinates system conversion.5, map datum analysis.Calculate for range observation, area and perimeter; Level line generates automatically, can export as the multiple formats such as excel, txt, kml; Topographical profile graph generates, analysis tool; Can along route, rectangular extraction elevation.6, map publishing service, supports that real-time buffer memory is issued, off-line is issued.Three-dimensional physical features is played up, and dimensional topography display box selects the three-dimensional terrain model file of rectangular area to derive 3D model; Map publishing is served, and supports that real-time buffer memory is issued, off-line is issued.
Image data is added in new map, corrected by the standard map sheet in grid editor and map is carried out grid rectification.
Each building of school is taken, collects material.By post-production, carry out picture shearing, amendment mainly through PS software, finally reach desirable effect.
Step S2, carries out vector quantization to the key element of the base map intercepting appointed area; A newly-built map document, it is named, and imports Raster Images file, key element, vector quantization is carried out to key element simultaneously---road is line feature, builds as district's key element.A newly-built line chart layer, is set to and is worked as pre-editing, found input line under online editing menu, selects to make broken line.Carry out making line according to the profile of road on base map, edit properties structure, newly-built Height attribute, select double precision field, then check attribute list.District's layer is set to and works as pre-editing, under district's edit menu, find input field, select to make broken line district.Carry out making district according to the profile that base map is built.
Step S3, carries out altitude figures assignment to the base map of appointed area vector quantization in DEM and elevation divides, and to facilitate on different elevation faces, sets up different buildings or atural object and realizes on DEM, set up map and Lv Dao; After obtaining base map by rice song sectional drawing device, base map makes level line along massif direction, and the visual line of sight analysis in being analyzed by DEM obtains floor level.The height value now obtained is not the height value of landform, but the elevation of " landform+trees/landform+building ", so now need the height obtaining trees and building.Do difference with the elevation of " landform+trees/landform+building " after obtaining the height of trees and building, after then each level line does mean value, obtain the elevation of landform.After having inputted key element, for each has the key element of elevation to give more real altitude figures, right button layer, edit properties structure, newly-built Height attribute, select double precision field, then check attribute list, at the elevation of elevation one hurdle input building.In " DEM analysis ", inquiry obtains the elevation numerical value of base map; Obtain the height of trees and building in base map; The elevation that difference obtains landform is done by obtaining trees and the height of building and the height value of inquiry; The division level landform getting elevation being carried out to differing heights, on different elevation faces, is set up different buildings or atural object and is realized on DEM, set up map and Lv Dao.
On image data, make level line along massif direction according to the altitude figures obtained after calculating, and give level line altitude figures according to anchor point.Use rasterizing after choosing and select to deposit path and create landform DEM.The DEM generated after drawing.In the newly-built scene of map document right button, new scene adds landform layer.Two-dimensional vector data is added into scene, district's key element is carried out to the operation of (district's generation sealing surface), arranging in output must need to depend on landform layer, otherwise building can not be based upon in landform.
Landform making is carried out: after 1, obtaining base map by BIGEMAP map sectional drawing device, carry out base map coordinates correction with actual measurement gps data, base map after calibration makes level line along massif direction on the map intercepted; 2, altitude figures source, the visual line of sight analysis in being analyzed by DEM obtains floor level, and the height value now obtained is not the height value of landform, but the elevation of " landform+trees/landform+building ", so now need the height obtaining trees and building.Do difference with the elevation of " landform+trees/landform+building " after obtaining the height of trees and building, after then each level line does mean value, obtain the elevation of landform.Obtaining sea level elevation is x+10, and by automatic labeling, Y=y1+10 is by each level line assignment with the formula, makes it have altitude figures; 3, the structure altitude figures analyzed by the DEM in software makes DEM; 4, the altitude figures of structure is put into new scene, form massif.
In the base map corrected constructed layer as required, road is line feature, builds as district's key element.A newly-built line chart layer, is set to and is worked as pre-editing, found input line under online editing menu, selects to make broken line.Carry out making line according to the profile of road on base map, edit properties structure, newly-built Height attribute, select double precision field, then check attribute list.The first step: newly-built layer, selects line elementary factor class layer, is then kept at specified path and line feature is set to current editing mode.Second step: along producing basic map road.Carry out the making of material, open setting-system library management-symbolic library-three dimensional symbol storehouse, import the material after adjustment and change texture according to the size of buildings.And change the texture size of material according to the size of building, right click map document, select to add scene.
Step S4, the base map according to assignment altitude figures makes three-dimensional model respectively at MapGIS, 3DMAX; First actual needs is made to the setting work X-Y scheme in Campus Map and green road, after the X-Y scheme of scene is made, two-dimensional vector data is generated surface level in DEM and buildings and Lv Dao are depended in landform.To the three-dimensional model diagram making Campus Map and green road scene foundation reality; MapGIS, 3DMAX is utilized to make the 3DMAX illustraton of model in Campus Map and green road after having established three-dimensional model diagram.Wherein, MapGIS is mainly used in making regular three-dimensional model, and 3DMAX is mainly used in making irregular three-D model.
Step S5, is undertaken merging by MapGIS three-dimensional model and 3DMAX three-dimensional model and carries out material and paste in MapGIS; Add scene at map document place right button, vector quantization data layer is dragged into scene, set up three-dimensional sight according to landform, and stick the material imported.The first step: the green road of vector quantization is added in new scene, and click line and generate surface level; Second step: in online generation surface level, topographical pattern selects the landform that will depend on, and Shi Lv road attaches on DEM; 3rd step: the material selecting green road is being set in symbolic information, and according to green road size adjustment pantograph ratio, storing path after completing also is determined.
In the Campus Map obtained by image data, set up some layer, a layer is pulled in new scene, by creating the mode of thematic map, setting up trees and giving height and complexion.The first step: set up trees vector quantization by a layer.Second step a: layer is drawn in new scene, and creates thematic map.3rd step: selector literary composition numbering in unified thematic map, adds trees material.4th step: select XYZ pantograph ratio according to necessary requirement, change trees height and the width.
Step S6, carries out spatial analysis and attribute query to pasting the three-dimensional model after material.First to gradient aspect analysis, on earth's surface, gradient S, the slope aspect A of certain point are the functions of terrain surface function Z=f (x, y) elevation rate of change in thing, North and South direction, that is:
A=270 °+arctg (f
y/ f
x)-90 ° of f
x/ | f
x|, (2), in formula, fx is North and South direction elevation rate of change, and fy is east-west direction elevation rate of change.Known by (1), (2) two formulas, solve the gradient and the slope aspect of ground point, key solves fX and fy.Grid DEM represents terrain surface with discrete form and toroidal function is not generally known yet, solving therefore to fx and fy in Grid DEM, be generally in subrange (3 × 3 moving window), undertaken by numerical differentiation method or local surface fitting method.According to the computing method to fx and fy, DEM utilize 3 × 3 moving windows carry out mathematical model and the computing formula conclusion of the calculating of gradient slope aspect.Secondly visual analyzing is carried out to map and Lv Dao; The a certain observation station of this function calculating is in a certain analyzed area, and which region is visible, and which region is invisible, i.e. viewshed analysis.System will represent that with different colors observation point is in the viewing area in region and not visible region, and as shown below, flag is observation point, and blue region is invisible range, and green area is visible area.Again the terrestrial reference range observation in map and green road is analyzed.This function is on dimensional topography, calculate the distance value along topographic relief between 2.This function provides 4 kinds of amount calculation modes: surface distance, horizontal range, direct range, vertical range.A, B shown in figure below are 2 points on hillside, and the red curve wherein marked 1. is surface distance between AB; 2. mark is horizontal range; 3. mark is direct range; 4. mark is vertical range.
Step S7, the map set up the three-dimensional model made on DEM and Lv Dao roam.The three-dimensional model made is issued, records into video image and be made into propaganda film issue, visit and publicity for it.
Fig. 2 shows the modeling based on the true three-dimensional map of DEM and green road provided by the invention, and this modeling comprises:
Producing basic map module, the map downloaded at BigeMap is intercepted the remote sensing base map of appointed area and corrected base map by the gps data of surveying for utilizing Bigemap Map seized device;
Vector quantization module, for carrying out vector quantization to the key element of the base map intercepting appointed area;
Assignment module, for carrying out altitude figures assignment to the base map of appointed area vector quantization in DEM;
Make three-dimensional model module, for making three-dimensional model according to the base map of assignment altitude figures respectively at MapGIS, 3DMAX;
Merge and paste module, paste for MapGIS three-dimensional model and 3DMAX three-dimensional model being carried out merging and carry out material in MapGIS;
Analysis and consult module, for carrying out spatial analysis and attribute query to pasting the three-dimensional model after material;
Roam module, for roaming the three-dimensional model made.
Also comprise in described vector quantization module:
Mapping unit, for making district according to the profile of buildings on base map and making buildings and Lv Dao respectively along road.
Also comprise in described assignment module:
Elevation query unit, obtains the elevation numerical value of base map for inquiry in " DEM analysis ";
Height acquiring unit, for obtaining the height of trees and building in base map;
Landform altitude acquiring unit, for doing obtaining trees and the height of building and the height value of inquiry the elevation that difference obtains landform;
Distinguishing hierarchy unit, for carrying out the division level of differing heights to the landform getting elevation in different elevation faces, setting up different buildings or atural object and realizing on DEM, set up map and Lv Dao.
Also comprise after described analysis and consult module:
Buildings and Lv Dao depend on unit, for two-dimensional vector data being generated surface level in DEM, buildings and Lv Dao are depended on landform;
Also comprise in described producing basic map module:
Correcting unit, for carrying out grid rectification by downloading the base map intercepted;
Trimming unit, carries out base map finishing for extracting material in kind to field exploring;
Analyze between described analysis and consult module hollow and comprise surface distance Measurement and analysis, gradient aspect analysis, visual analysis, Sunlight Analysis and landform cutting analysis; The function that described gradient aspect analysis adopts:
A=270 °+arctg (f
y/ f
x)-90 ° of f
x/ | f
x|, (2), wherein the S gradient, A slope aspect, fx is North and South direction elevation rate of change, and fy is east-west direction elevation rate of change.
The present invention realizes ecology, stroll about or have a rest and the combination of the function such as culture, sets up the slow-moving traffic system in campus; And can Expected Results be realized, to showing that campus style and features, campus navigation, international communication etc. serve the frontier that the true three-dimensional modeling based on GIS have been used a traffic construction by positive role, facilitating engineering construction, there is great novelty and meaning.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1., based on the modeling method in the true three-dimensional map of DEM and green road, it is characterized in that, described modeling method comprises the following steps:
A, utilize Bigemap Map seized device to download at BigeMap map on intercept the remote sensing base map of appointed area and by the gps data of surveying, base map corrected;
B, vector quantization is carried out to the key element of base map intercepting appointed area;
C, in DEM, altitude figures assignment is carried out to the base map of appointed area vector quantization and elevation divide;
D, make three-dimensional model according to the base map of assignment altitude figures respectively at MapGIS, 3DMAX;
E, in MapGIS, MapGIS three-dimensional model and 3DMAX three-dimensional model are carried out merging and carry out material and paste;
F, carry out spatial analysis and attribute query to pasting the three-dimensional model after material;
G, the map set up on DEM and Lv Dao to be roamed.
2. modeling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of in described step B:
B1, make district according to the profile of buildings on base map and make buildings and Lv Dao respectively along road.
3. modeling method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of in described step C:
C1, in " DEM analysis " inquiry obtain the elevation numerical value of base map;
The height of trees and building in C2, acquisition base map;
C3, do with the height value of inquiry the elevation differing from and obtain landform by obtaining trees and the height of building;
C4, the landform getting elevation is carried out to the division level of differing heights on different elevation faces, set up different buildings or atural object realizes on DEM, set up map and Lv Dao.
4. modeling method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of in described step D:
D1, two-dimensional vector data is generated surface level in DEM buildings and Lv Dao are depended in landform.
5. modeling method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of in described steps A:
A1, by download intercept base map carrying out grid rectification;
A2, material in kind is extracted to field exploring carry out base map finishing.
6. modeling method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step F, space analysis package draws together surface distance Measurement and analysis, gradient aspect analysis, visual analysis, Sunlight Analysis and landform cutting analysis; The function that described gradient aspect analysis adopts:
A=270 °+arctg (f
y/ f
x)-90 ° of f
x/ | f
x|, (2), wherein the S gradient, A slope aspect, fx is North and South direction elevation rate of change, and fy is east-west direction elevation rate of change.
7., based on the modeling in the true three-dimensional map of DEM and green road, it is characterized in that, this modeling comprises:
Producing basic map module, the map downloaded at BigeMap is intercepted the remote sensing base map of appointed area and corrected base map by the gps data of surveying for utilizing Bigemap Map seized device;
Vector quantization module, for carrying out vector quantization to the key element of the base map intercepting appointed area;
Assignment module, for carrying out altitude figures assignment to the base map of appointed area vector quantization in DEM;
Make three-dimensional model module, for making three-dimensional model according to the base map of assignment altitude figures respectively at MapGIS, 3DMAX;
Merge and paste module, paste for MapGIS three-dimensional model and 3DMAX three-dimensional model being carried out merging and carry out material in MapGIS;
Analysis and consult module, for carrying out spatial analysis and attribute query to pasting the three-dimensional model after material;
Roam module, for roaming the map set up on DEM and Lv Dao.
8. modeling according to claim 7, is characterized in that, also comprises in described vector quantization module:
Mapping unit, for making district according to the profile of buildings on base map and making buildings and Lv Dao respectively along road.
9. modeling according to claim 8, is characterized in that, also comprises in described assignment module:
Elevation query unit, obtains the elevation numerical value of base map for inquiry in " DEM analysis ";
Height acquiring unit, for obtaining the height of trees and building in base map;
Landform altitude acquiring unit, for doing obtaining trees and the height of building and the height value of inquiry the elevation that difference obtains landform;
Distinguishing hierarchy unit, for carrying out the division level of differing heights to the landform getting elevation in different elevation faces, setting up different buildings or atural object and realizing on DEM, set up map and Lv Dao.
10. manufacturing system according to claim 9, is characterized in that, also comprises after described analysis and consult module:
Buildings and Lv Dao depend on unit, for two-dimensional vector data being generated surface level in DEM, buildings and Lv Dao are depended on landform;
Also comprise in described producing basic map module:
Correcting unit, for carrying out grid rectification by downloading the base map intercepted;
Trimming unit, carries out base map finishing for extracting material in kind to field exploring;
Analyze between described analysis and consult module hollow and comprise surface distance Measurement and analysis, gradient aspect analysis, visual analysis, Sunlight Analysis and landform cutting analysis; The function that described gradient aspect analysis adopts:
A=270 °+arctg (f
y/ f
x)-90 ° of f
x/ | f
x|, (2), wherein the S gradient, A slope aspect, fx is North and South direction elevation rate of change, and fy is east-west direction elevation rate of change.
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