CN112099009A - ArcSAR data back projection visualization method based on DEM and lookup table - Google Patents

ArcSAR data back projection visualization method based on DEM and lookup table Download PDF

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CN112099009A
CN112099009A CN202010981725.9A CN202010981725A CN112099009A CN 112099009 A CN112099009 A CN 112099009A CN 202010981725 A CN202010981725 A CN 202010981725A CN 112099009 A CN112099009 A CN 112099009A
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deformation
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沈向前
杜年春
黄毅
谢翔
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Chinese Nonferrous Metal Survey And Design Institute Of Changsha Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/904—SAR modes
    • G01S13/9088—Circular SAR [CSAR, C-SAR]

Abstract

The invention provides an ArcSAR data back projection visualization method based on DEM and a lookup table, which comprises the following steps of obtaining DEM data of an observation area to form a grid central point coordinate table; accurately measuring the position of the radar base station, and calculating the spatial distance between the radar base station and the central point of each grid and the horizontal included angle between the central point and the connecting line of the radar base station and the Y axis to form a lookup table; selecting ps points to form a ps point deformation data table; searching a lookup table; and sequencing according to the values of the deformation values of all grids, expressing the deformation values of different intervals by different colors by adopting a layered coloring method, and displaying the deformation of the monitored object on the three-dimensional DEM. According to the method, the lookup table based on the DEM is constructed, accurate and rapid coordinate back projection is performed through the lookup table, accurate matching of radar deformation monitoring information and geographic coordinates is achieved, and reliable data support is provided for early warning analysis and emergency rescue.

Description

ArcSAR data back projection visualization method based on DEM and lookup table
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar, surveying and mapping, information and mathematics, in particular to an ArcSAR data back projection visualization method based on a DEM and a lookup table.
Background
A Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-SAR) is a remote sensing technical means adopting active electromagnetic wave and phase interferometry, and provides a high-precision, non-contact, lossless, stable and real-time monitoring method for deformation monitoring. The antenna of the traditional GB-SAR system scans along a linear track, and the market of the system cannot cover all scenes. The arc-based synthetic aperture radar (ArcSAR) is a new GB-SAR, and the ArcSAR has a rotating platform, and by rotating the synthetic aperture with an antenna attached to the end of a rotating arm, it can cover 360 ° in one observation, and has begun to be applied to safety monitoring in the fields of railway (highway) slopes, large water conservancy facilities, and the like.
The ArcSAR radar images are in relative polar coordinates, the origin of the polar coordinates is the radar, and each resolution element coordinate is in the form of (r, θ). In order to visually display and process deformation data monitored by a radar, radar deformation information is generally required to be superimposed on a map for display, and a coordinate system of the map is generally a rectangular coordinate system (x, y, z) or a geodetic coordinate system (B, L, H), so that a relative polar coordinate system of the ArcSAR needs to be converted into the geodetic coordinate system. Meanwhile, because the resolution of the radar image is far lower than that of the DEM, when the DEM grid is determined, the radar resolution unit may not cover all the DEM grids, so that it is necessary to process the deformation value of a limited Permanent scatterer (ps), so that each DEM grid is attached with the attribute of the deformation value, which is convenient for query and analysis.
At present, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) -based SAR image direct and indirect ortho correction method and related patents can be retrieved, and a Range Doppler (RD) model is constructed based on DEM data to perform ortho correction on the SAR image. Meanwhile, a method for performing SAR image orthorectification based on a satellite control point library and a DEM is provided, and a resource third control point is used for participating in SAR orthorectification to eliminate geometric deformation. For the display of radar deformation data, at present, ps points are directly displayed on a map, only the deformation data of the ps points are displayed, and other areas without the ps points are not deformed by default, so that the observation data of the ground synthetic aperture radar are not fully utilized, the deformation condition of a monitored object is not visually displayed, and the great difficulty is caused for the analysis and the processing in the later period.
The ArcSAR is a ground-based radar, is different from an airborne SAR or a satellite-borne SAR in many places, is placed on a ground stable point for deformation observation, and is generally observed in high altitude by overlooking the ground, and related algorithms in the SAR field cannot be directly applied to processing ArcSAR data. At present, research on the back projection of the ArcSAR data from polar coordinates to geodetic coordinates is not common, and no effective method for solving the problems is available. Meanwhile, the visualization research on the ArcSAR deformation data needs to be deepened, so that the ArcSAR deformation data can be displayed and early-warning analyzed more intuitively according to radar monitoring information.
In summary, there is an urgent need for an ArcSAR data backprojection visualization method based on DEM and lookup table to solve the problems existing in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ArcSAR data back projection visualization method based on a DEM and a lookup table, so as to solve the problem that high-resolution ArcSAR deformation data are difficult to be mapped to a geodetic coordinate system for visualization in high precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an ArcSAR data back projection visualization method based on a DEM and a lookup table, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring DEM data of an observation area, calculating the elevation of the central point of each grid in the DEM, and forming a grid central point coordinate table { (x)ij，yij，zij) I is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to m, j is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n, wherein m is the row number of the DEM, and n is the column number of the DEM;
step two: accurately measuring the position of the radar base station to obtain the plane coordinate O (x) of the radar base station0，y0，z0) Calculating the radar base station O (x)0,y0,z0) To the central point C (x) of each gridij,yij,zij) The spatial distance D, the central point C and the horizontal included angle between the connecting line of the radar base station O and the Y axis
Figure BDA0002687769070000021
Forming a look-up table
Figure BDA0002687769070000022
Step three: selecting ps points according to the ArcSAR image, carrying out permanent scatterer interferometry according to the coherent image to obtain the deformation quantity of the ps points, and forming a ps point deformation data table { (r)k,θk,k) K is 0-p, whereinkIs deformation quantity, p is number of ps points;
step four: go through each of the ps points deformation data table (r)k,θk,k) Searching the lookup table for the AND (r)k,θk) Nearest to each other
Figure BDA0002687769070000023
I.e. to solve for
Figure BDA0002687769070000024
Value of (i, j), amount of deformationkIs assigned to corresponding (x)ij,yij,zij) Obtaining (x)ij,yij,zij,k)；
Step five: go through each of the ps points deformation data table (r)k,θk,k) Will be
Figure BDA0002687769070000031
The four points are substituted into the fourth step to solve the ps (r)k,θk,k) The four vertices of the resolution unit in the planar coordinate system are defined as pkCalculating all AND pkIntersecting DEM grids { (x)ij,yij,zij) Will deform the amountkThe DEM grids are assigned; where Δ r is the range-wise resolution of the radar and Δ θ is the azimuth resolution of the radar;
step six: and sequencing according to the values of the deformation values of all grids, expressing the deformation values of different intervals by different colors by adopting a layered coloring method, and displaying the deformation of the monitored object on the three-dimensional DEM.
Further, if the DEM is an irregular triangular mesh in the first step, it needs to be converted into a regular rectangular mesh.
Further, the side length of the DEM grid is lgrid，lgridThe value range of (A) should satisfy: lgrid<min(Δr，Δθπlmin/180); the distance resolution of the radar is delta r, the radar angle resolution is delta theta, the unit is, and the shortest plane distance between a radar base station and a monitoring area is lmin。
Further, setting the deformation quantity of the DEM grid without the assigned deformation quantity as 0; and for 1 DEM grid corresponding to a plurality of deformation quantities, assigning the deformation quantity with the maximum absolute value to the grid.
Further, in the fourth step, DijThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002687769070000032
further, in the fourth step
Figure BDA0002687769070000033
The calculation formula of (2) is:
Figure BDA0002687769070000034
further, if deformation data display needs to be carried out under a geodetic coordinate system, the { (x) needs to be displayedij,yij,zij,ij) I is 0. ltoreq. n, j is 0. ltoreq. m into { (B)ij,Lij,Hij,ij) I is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n, j is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to m, and a conversion formulaThe following were used:
Figure BDA0002687769070000041
wherein:
Figure BDA0002687769070000042
Figure BDA0002687769070000043
Figure BDA0002687769070000044
in the formula, N is the curvature radius of the ellipsoidal unitary-ground ring, e is the first eccentricity of the ellipsoid, the long and short radii of the ellipsoids a and b, and W is the first auxiliary coefficient.
Further, the invention also comprises the seventh step: and setting an early warning threshold value, and when the deformation exceeds the early warning condition, giving an alarm to the outside by the system, wherein the alarm information is in a form of 'coordinate' plus 'deformation quantity'.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method, a lookup table based on a DEM is established, accurate and rapid coordinate back projection is performed through the lookup table, accurate matching of radar deformation monitoring information and geographic coordinates is achieved, and reliable data support is provided for early warning analysis and emergency rescue.
(2) According to the ArcSAR data visualization method, deformation of ps points is assigned to the corresponding three-dimensional DEM grid according to the range-direction resolution delta r and the azimuth angle resolution delta theta of the radar, and the radar deformation monitoring data visualization effect is improved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of ArcSAR observations;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ArcSAR coordinate backprojection;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a clockwise included angle between the DEM and the radar base station and a coordinate Y axis (north direction);
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of visualization of ArcSAR deformation data.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 4, the radar image of the ArcSAR is a polar coordinate system (r, θ), where r is a distance from a resolution unit in the image to the radar, and θ is a horizontal angle between a target and a radar connecting line and 0 ° (generally, 0 ° in the north direction). The rectangular plane coordinate system (x, y, z) is the projected coordinate value of the geodetic coordinate system, and the unit is usually meter. Geodetic coordinates (B, L, H) are coordinates based on a reference ellipsoid in geodetic surveying, and the position of the ground point P is represented by a geodetic longitude L, a geodetic latitude B, and a geodetic height H. On the premise of confirming the projection method, the mathematical relationship of mutual conversion of the geodetic coordinates (B, L, H) to the plane rectangular coordinate system (x, y, z) is clear, and the projection from (B, L, H) to (x, y, z) or the back projection from (x, y, z) to (B, L, H) can be realized. However, since the ArcSAR radar can only acquire the horizontal rotation angle θ and the distance r (as shown in fig. 1) during observation, the vertical rotation angle Φ of a connection line between the resolution unit and the radar in a planar rectangular coordinate system cannot be acquired, and the elevation h of the radar base station is obtained only when the angle θ is known0And the distance r from the radar base station to the target point, the plane coordinates (x, y, z) of the target point cannot be solved. Therefore, the mathematical relationship from (r, θ) to (x, y, z) is complicated, the DEM of the observation area is correlated (as shown in fig. 2), and it is difficult to express how to back-project from (r, θ) to (x, y, z) by using a mathematical formula, so that the deformation data observed by the radar is difficult to accurately overlay on a map for display.
Under the condition of an observation area DEM, any target point T (x) in the measurement area can be conveniently calculatedi,yi,zi) To radar base station O (x)0,y0,z0) The space distance D, the connecting line of the target point T and the radar base station O and the horizontal rotation angle of 0 DEG are arranged
Figure BDA0002687769070000054
By calculating individual grids (x) of DEMij，yij，zij) To radar base stations
Figure BDA0002687769070000053
Can establish (x, y, z) to
Figure BDA0002687769070000052
By back-checking the look-up table, the look-up table closest to the radar data (r, theta) is found
Figure BDA0002687769070000051
Any (r, theta) value can be back-projected into the rectangular coordinate system (x, y, z).
An ArcSAR data back projection visualization method based on DEM and a lookup table comprises the following specific steps:
(1) obtaining DEM data of an observation area, if the DEM is an irregular triangular net, converting the DEM into a regular rectangular grid, calculating the elevation of the central point of each grid in the DEM, and forming a grid central point coordinate table { (x)ij，yij，zij) I is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to m, j is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n, wherein m is the number of columns of the DEM, and n is the number of columns of the DEM. In order to ensure that the resolution ratio of the DEM grid is higher than that of the radar image and reduce the condition that one DEM grid corresponds to a plurality of radar data, the size of the grid of the DEM must be set. DEM grid side length is lgridThe value range should satisfy: lgrid<min(Δr，Δθπlmin/180), wherein the distance resolution of the radar is delta r, the radar angle resolution is delta theta, the unit is DEG, and the shortest plane distance between a radar base station and a monitoring area is lmin。
(2) Accurately measuring the position of the radar base station to obtain a plane coordinate O (x)0,y0,z0) Calculating the radar base station O (x)0,y0,z0) To the central point C (x) of each gridij,yij,zij) The horizontal included angle between the connecting line of the central point C of any grid of the spatial distance D, DEM and the radar base station O and 0 degree (Y axis)
Figure BDA0002687769070000061
(clockwise), form a look-up table
Figure BDA0002687769070000062
DijThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002687769070000063
Figure BDA0002687769070000064
Figure BDA0002687769070000065
the calculation is shown in the schematic diagram of fig. 3, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002687769070000066
(3) selecting ps points (permanent scattering points) according to the ArcSAR image, carrying out permanent scatterer interferometry according to the coherent image to obtain the deformation quantity of the ps points, and forming a ps point deformation data table { (r)k,θk,k) K is 0-p, whereinkAs the deformation quantity, p is the number of ps points.
(4) Go through each of the ps points deformation data table (r)k,θk,k) Searching the lookup table for the AND (r)k,θk) Nearest to each other
Figure BDA0002687769070000067
I.e. to solve for
Figure BDA0002687769070000068
The (i, j) value of (a), the deformation valuekIs assigned to corresponding (x)ij,yij,zij) Obtaining (x)ij,yij,zij,k)。
(5) Go through each of the ps points deformation data table (r)k,θk,k) Will be
Figure BDA0002687769070000069
Solving this ps (r) in FIG. 4 in the four point substitution step (4)k,θk,k) The four vertices of the resolution unit in the planar coordinate system are defined as pkCalculating all AND pkIntersecting DEM grids { (x)ij,yij,zij) Will deform the amountkThese DEM grids are assigned. Where Δ r is the range-wise resolution of the radar and Δ θ is the azimuth resolution of the radar.
(6) Setting the deformation quantity of the DEM grid without the assigned deformation quantity as 0; and for 1 DEM grid corresponding to a plurality of deformation quantities, assigning the deformation quantity with the maximum absolute value to the grid.
(7) If deformation data display is required under a geodetic coordinate system, the equation (x) is required to be expressedij,yij,zij,ij) I is 0. ltoreq. n, j is 0. ltoreq. m into { (B)ij,Lij,Hij,ij) I is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n, and j is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to m, the conversion formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002687769070000071
wherein
Figure BDA0002687769070000072
Figure BDA0002687769070000073
Figure BDA0002687769070000074
In the formula, N is the curvature radius of the ellipsoidal unitary-ground ring, e is the first eccentricity of the ellipsoid, the long and short radii of the ellipsoids a and b, and W is the first auxiliary coefficient.
(8) And sequencing the values of all DEM grids, exploiting a layered coloring method, expressing the deformation values of different intervals by different colors, and displaying the deformation of the monitored object on the three-dimensional DEM.
(9) According to the early warning threshold value, when the deformation exceeds the early warning condition, the system can give an alarm to the outside, and the alarm information is in a form of 'coordinate' plus 'deformation quantity'.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An ArcSAR data back projection visualization method based on DEM and a lookup table is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring DEM data of an observation area, calculating the elevation of the central point of each grid in the DEM, and forming a grid central point coordinate table { (x)ij，yij，zij) I is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to m, j is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n, wherein m is the row number of the DEM, and n is the column number of the DEM;
step two: accurately measuring the position of the radar base station to obtain the plane coordinate O (x) of the radar base station0，y0，z0) Calculating the radar base station O (x)0，y0，z0) To the central point C (x) of each gridij，yij，zij) The spatial distance D, the central point C and the horizontal included angle between the connecting line of the radar base station O and the Y axis
Figure FDA0002687769060000011
Forming a look-up table
Figure FDA0002687769060000012
Step three: selecting ps points according to the ArcSAR image, carrying out permanent scatterer interferometry according to the coherent image to obtain the deformation quantity of the ps points, and forming a ps point deformation data table { (r)k，θk，k) K is 0-p, whereinkIs deformation quantity, p is number of ps points;
step four: go through each of the ps points deformation data table (r)k，θk，k) Searching the lookup table for the AND (r)k，θk) Nearest to each other
Figure FDA0002687769060000013
I.e. to solve for
Figure FDA0002687769060000014
Value of (i, j), amount of deformationkIs assigned to corresponding (x)ij，yij，zij) Obtaining (x)ij，yij，zij，k)；
Step five: go through each of the ps points deformation data table (r)k，θk，k) Will be
Figure FDA0002687769060000015
The four points are substituted into the fourth step to solve the ps (r)k，θk，k) The four vertices of the resolution unit in the planar coordinate system are defined as pkCalculating all AND pkIntersecting DEM grids { (x)ij，yij，zij) Will deform the amountkThe DEM grids are assigned; where Δ r is the range-wise resolution of the radar and Δ θ is the azimuth resolution of the radar;
step six: and sequencing according to the values of the deformation values of all grids, expressing the deformation values of different intervals by different colors by adopting a layered coloring method, and displaying the deformation of the monitored object on the three-dimensional DEM.
2. The method for visualization of the back projection of ArcSAR data based on DEM and lookup table as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said first step if DEM is irregular triangular mesh, it needs to be converted into regular rectangular mesh.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the DEM grid has a side length of lgrid，lgridThe value range of (A) should satisfy: lgrid＜min(Δr，Δθπlmin/180); the distance resolution of the radar is delta r, the radar angle resolution is delta theta, the unit is, and the shortest plane distance between a radar base station and a monitoring area is lmin。
4. The method for visualization of ArcSAR data back projection based on DEM and lookup table as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, for DEM grids without assigned deformation, the deformation is set to 0; and for 1 DEM grid corresponding to a plurality of deformation quantities, assigning the deformation quantity with the maximum absolute value to the grid.
5. The method for ArcSAR data back-projection visualization based on DEM and lookup table as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the fourth step, DijThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002687769060000021
6. the method for visualization of ArcSAR data back projection based on DEM and lookup table as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step four is
Figure FDA0002687769060000022
The calculation formula of (2) is:
Figure FDA0002687769060000023
7. the method for visualization of ArcSAR data back projection based on DEM and lookup table as claimed in claim 6, wherein if displaying the deformation data under the geodetic coordinate system is needed, { (x) is neededij，yij，zij，ij) I is 0. ltoreq. n, j is 0. ltoreq. m into { (B)ij，Lij，Hij，ij) I is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to n, and j is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to m, the conversion formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002687769060000024
wherein:
Figure FDA0002687769060000031
in the formula, N is the curvature radius of the ellipsoidal unitary-ground ring, e is the first eccentricity of the ellipsoid, the long and short radii of the ellipsoids a and b, and W is the first auxiliary coefficient.
8. The method for visualization by backprojection of ArcSAR data based on DEM and lookup table as claimed in any one of claims 5-7, further comprising the seventh step of: and setting an early warning threshold value, and when the deformation exceeds the early warning condition, giving an alarm to the outside by the system, wherein the alarm information is in a form of 'coordinate' plus 'deformation quantity'.
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