CN111763524A - System and method for three-stage type enhanced pyrolysis gasification combining spouting and fluidization - Google Patents
System and method for three-stage type enhanced pyrolysis gasification combining spouting and fluidization Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical group O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 heat carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/18—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge
- C10B47/22—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge in dispersed form
- C10B47/24—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
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- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-stage intensified pyrolysis gasification system and method combining spout and fluidization, which are suitable for agricultural and forestry wastes, coal, various cities and towns, industrial organic solid wastes and the like. The system comprises a three-stage pyrolysis gasification reactor, a first-stage cyclone separator, a second-stage cyclone separator, a condenser, a draught fan, a solid recovery tank, a discharge tank, a screw feeder, an additive feeder and the like. The three-section reactor structure, electromagnetic heating and additive are combined to realize intensified pyrolysis gasification, tar cracking is promoted, pollutant emission is reduced, the heat efficiency and the product gas quality of a system are greatly improved by recycling hot bed materials and product gas, the fluid dynamics characteristic and the temperature distribution of the system are improved by optimizing the structural style of the reactor, improving the feeding system and tangentially arranging the side face of product gas backflow, the violent mixing principle of spouting, fluidization and gas-solid rotation is fully utilized, the pyrolysis gasification strength and depth are improved, and the flexibility and the stability of the system are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spouted bed and fluidized bed combined three-stage intensified pyrolysis gasification system and a spouted bed and fluidized bed combined three-stage intensified pyrolysis gasification method, in particular to an intensified pyrolysis gasification system based on spouted bed and fluidized bed mechanisms and electromagnetic heating.
Background
Energy is the basis of the survival and development of modern society, the Chinese energy supply situation is severe at present, the environmental problem is serious, clean energy (such as clean coal technology and clean utilization of fossil fuel) is rapidly developed in recent years, and especially clean renewable energy is an urgent subject. China has abundant agricultural and forestry wastes, urban and rural garbage, municipal sludge and various industrial solid waste resources, the improper disposal or random discharge of the agricultural and forestry wastes seriously damages ecological environment and public health, and an efficient and clean disposal technology is urgently needed to realize the reduction, harmlessness, stabilization and resource utilization of the solid wastes. Because the traditional method has the defects of high energy consumption, low treatment efficiency, high construction cost, secondary pollution and the like, new disposal technologies are competitively researched by various countries.
Pyrolysis gasification is to carry out heat treatment on solid waste in an oxygen-free or oxygen-less environment and under a closed condition, the volume reduction is large, pollutants such as dioxin and the like are basically not generated, and most heavy metals are remained or solidified in peat; the fluidized bed pyrolysis gasification technology has the characteristics of high reaction speed, compact structure, high efficiency and flexibility, and is an important technical means for solid waste disposal. The electromagnetic heating assisted pyrolysis gasification technology combines the uniqueness of electromagnetic heating, high efficiency and easy control and the advantages of the pyrolysis gasification technology, and is becoming an important development direction for solid waste disposal.
Compared with the traditional pyrolysis, the electromagnetic heating has a unique heat and mass transfer rule, the conversion process and the expected final product are easy to regulate and control, and the pollution is less; microwave pyrolysis has been studied in many documents at home and abroad, but most of them adopt a fixed bed experimental device operated intermittently, and at present, there is no report and record of a continuous feeding fluidized bed electromagnetic heating (including microwave) pyrolysis gasification device. The effective utilization of clean energy has important strategic and practical significance for improving the energy structure of China, improving the energy independence of China, reducing the pollutant emission, improving the ecological environment and promoting the development of employment and circular economy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: a three-section type intensified pyrolysis gasification system and method combining spout and fluidization are developed, so that the pyrolysis depth, the product gas heat value and the overall pyrolysis gasification efficiency are improved; the second purpose is that: further reducing the content of tar and pollutants in the product gas.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a spouting and fluidization combined three-section type intensification pyrolysis gasification's system, includes raw materials feeding seal unit, screw feeder, filling tube, pyrolysis gasification reactor, one-level cyclone, second grade cyclone, condenser, draught fan, solid recovery jar, the solid discharge tank that communicates the connection in proper order, and the system generates product gas (gas), pyrolysis liquid and charcoal base solid product, pyrolysis gasification reactor adopts three-section structural style and electromagnetic heating, through product gas and hot bed material circulation, the utilization of fluidization hot gas, wave absorbing agent and catalyst's use, realizes gas-solid hybrid contact and high-efficient conversion.
The spouting and fluidization combined three-stage type intensified pyrolysis gasification system comprises a raw material feeding system, a gasification system and a gasification system, wherein the raw material feeding system comprises a raw material feeding sealing unit, a screw feeder and a feeding pipe; the pyrolysis gasification reactor comprises a heating section, a conical section and a settling section, and is communicated with the raw material feeding system through a feeding pipe;
the pyrolysis gasification reactor is communicated and connected with an additive feeder through a pipeline, and is communicated and connected with a primary cyclone separator and a secondary cyclone separator through pipelines, the secondary cyclone separator is communicated and connected with a condenser through a pipeline, the condenser and an induced draft fan are communicated and connected through a pipeline, the primary cyclone separator and the secondary cyclone separator are communicated and connected with a solid recovery tank through a pipeline and a blanking pipe, after gas-solid separation of the cyclone separators, separated solid bed materials enter the solid recovery tank, the solid bed materials in the solid recovery tank are converged with backflow product gas from the induced draft fan to form gas-solid mixed backflow product gas, the gas-solid mixed backflow product gas respectively enters the pyrolysis gasification reactor from the bottom and the side of a conical section of the pyrolysis gasification reactor in a tangential direction, hot gas (such as hot flue gas, water vapor, hot air and the like) also enters the pyrolysis gasification reactor at the bottom of the conical section, and is mixed with one path of the gas-, the bottom of the pyrolysis gasification reactor forms spout airflow from bottom to top, and gas-solid mixed reflux product gas entering from the side surface tangentially forms convolute airflow to interact with the spout airflow, so that gas-solid mixing and turbulence degree are promoted; the heat product gas and the hot bed material are recycled, the heat efficiency of the system is improved, the temperature distribution is improved, the pyrolysis gasification depth and the conversion rate are improved, and the product gas quality is improved. The conical section is communicated and connected with the solid discharge tank through a pipeline, and the carbon-based solid product is collected by the solid discharge tank.
According to the three-section type enhanced pyrolysis gasification system combining the spout and the fluidization, the pyrolysis gasification reactor is divided into three sections, from bottom to top, the diameter of the reactor is gradually increased, the diameter of the heating section is kept unchanged, the arrangement and the configuration of heating elements are facilitated, and the heating uniformity is also facilitated; electromagnetic heating (such as microwave irradiation or electromagnetic induction heating) is adopted outside a heating section of the pyrolysis gasification reactor, magnetrons are arranged in pairs during microwave irradiation, wave absorbing agents need to be configured inside the pyrolysis gasification reactor, and the temperature of the reactor is quickly and efficiently regulated and controlled by utilizing the wave absorbing performance of the wave absorbing agents, so that the efficient conversion of pyrolysis gasification is facilitated; when microwave heating is adopted, the main body shell of the heating section is made of weak wave absorption materials such as ceramics or quartz materials, so that microwave energy is absorbed by materials, and the conversion rate and the system efficiency are improved.
The three-section type enhanced pyrolysis gasification system combining spouting and fluidization, a gas distribution plate is not arranged in the conical section of a pyrolysis gasification reactor to ensure smooth gas path, reduce pressure drop and prevent particles from blocking a channel, gas-solid mixed reflux product gas contains solid bed materials added by a solid recovery tank and directly enters the conical section from the bottom and the side surface of the conical section in a tangential direction respectively, the temperature of the gas-solid mixed reflux product gas and the temperature of the hot bed materials are higher, the gas-solid mixed reflux product gas circulates to the conical section and heats the materials in the conical section, the heat efficiency of the system is improved, hot gas (such as hot flue gas, water vapor and hot air) and one path of gas of the gas-solid mixed reflux product gas are mixed and then enter the bottom of the conical section to form upward gas flow of spouting, the power for returning the hot bed materials to the conical section is provided, the particles are prevented from being blocked, and the diameter of a, so as to ensure enough gas velocity and improve the spouting effect.
According to the spouting and fluidization combined three-section type intensified pyrolysis gasification system, the feeding pipe enters the reactor at the top of the settling section of the pyrolysis gasification reactor, the tail end of the feeding pipe is provided with the bent pipe to prevent the blocking effect of upward airflow on solid materials and promote the smoothness of raw material feeding, the opening of the bent pipe faces the feeding direction of the additive feeder, the premixing of additives and solid raw materials added by the additive feeder is ensured, and the reaction speed and the conversion efficiency of the solid raw materials in the heating section of the pyrolysis gasification reactor are improved; the additive feeder adopts a double-valve locking hopper type, and a feed inlet of the additive feeder is arranged on the inner wall of a settling section with low gas velocity, so that the gravity feeding of the additive is facilitated, and the interference of gas flow on the feeding velocity and the feeding stability is reduced; the horizontal distance between the feed inlet of the additive feeder at the settling section and the opening of the elbow pipe at the tail end of the feed pipe is not more than 30% of the diameter of the heating section (2), so that the contact mixing of the additive and the solid raw material is promoted, and the pyrolysis gasification efficiency is improved.
According to the spouted and fluidized combined three-stage intensified pyrolysis gasification system, the raw material feeding sealing unit comprises the star-shaped feeder and the baffle below the star-shaped feeder, the baffle reduces the passage area, the material sealing effect can be effectively improved, and the gas leakage is reduced, the power for feeding the solid raw material is provided by the screw feeder, and the inert gas can be injected into the screw feeder to provide gas sealing;
the material of filling tube the inside provides further material and seals to effectively keep apart pyrolysis gasification reactor and raw materials charge-in system, guarantee the long-term safety and stability operation of system.
The invention relates to a system and a method for three-stage intensified pyrolysis gasification combining spout and fluidization, which are characterized in that the structure of a pyrolyzer is optimized and additives are addedThe use of the heat generating element, the configuration of the heating element and the effective energy gradient utilization promote the thermal decomposition of the raw materials to generate pyrolysis gas and solid products, the non-condensable pyrolysis gas partially flows back to the conical section of the pyrolysis gasification reactor after the pyrolysis gas is condensed by the condenser, and pyrolysis liquid is collected by the condenser; the pyrolysis gasification reactor adopts a three-section structural style and electromagnetic heating (such as microwave irradiation and electromagnetic induction heating), a high-temperature area is formed in a middle heating section area, heat is transferred to a settling section and a conical section in a radiation and convection mode, and a raw material preheating area, a core reaction area and a carbon-based solid separation area are formed; raw materials enter the feed pipe from the screw feeder, and the star-shaped feeder, the sealing baffle plate and the material seal of the feed pipe of the raw material feed system and the sealing gas introduced by the screw feeder effectively isolate the feed system from the pyrolysis gasification reactor and ensure the reliable and stable operation of the system; preheating the feeding pipe in the settling section, feeding additive (such as wave absorbing agent, heat carrier, catalyst, etc.) into the core reaction zone from the upper part of the heating section, mixing the upward airflow, falling material and turbulent fluidized bed material, pyrolyzing, gasifying and converting, gas-liquid separating the gas product in the first and second cyclone separators and the condenser, collecting condensate, and collecting non-condensable gas (such as CO and CO)2、H2And CH4Etc.) flows back to the front section by a draught fan, solid bed materials separated by a cyclone separator and backflow product gas are mixed and then enter the pyrolysis gasification reactor from the bottom and the side of the conical section in a tangential direction respectively, and are converged with hot gas (such as hot flue gas, water vapor and hot air) introduced into the bottom of the conical section to form spouted airflow and rotating airflow inside the pyrolysis gasification reactor, so that the gas-solid mixing and pyrolysis gasification intensity are greatly promoted, and the system thermal efficiency is improved; the carbon-based solid product is discharged from the side surface of the conical section and collected by a solid discharge tank.
The invention has the positive effects that: (1) the pyrolysis gasification reactor adopts a three-section structural form, and comprises a conical section, a heating section and a settling section from bottom to top in sequence, wherein the diameter of the reactor is gradually increased, so that the gas velocity is favorably slowed down, the material entrainment is reduced, the retention time is prolonged, and the pyrolysis gasification efficiency and the conversion rate are improved; (2) the conical section has violent gas flow spouting, swirling and fluidization, so that gas-solid mixing and pyrolysis gasification strength are promoted, and the temperature and fluid dynamic distribution of the pyrolysis gasification reactor are improved; (3) electromagnetic heating and fluidized bed/spouted bed coupling combine rapid and efficient heating and gas-solid spouted fluidization, greatly improve temperature uniformity and gas-solid heat and mass transfer efficiency, and improve reaction rate and pyrolysis gasification efficiency; (4) hot product gas and hot bed material gas are subjected to solid-solid reflux and tangentially enter the pyrolysis gasification reactor at the bottom and the side of the conical section respectively, so that the pyrolysis gasification efficiency is improved, tar cracking and pollutant removal are promoted, and the system efficiency and the product gas quality are improved; (5) the charging tube extends into the settling section, after the settling section is preheated, the raw material enters the upper part of the heating section of the pyrolysis gasification reactor and is mixed with additives (such as wave absorbing agent, catalyst and the like) added into the settling section, the heat efficiency and the pyrolysis gasification depth of the system are improved, and the pressure of the settling section is relatively low due to the use of a draught fan, so that the raw material and the additives can enter the settling section; (6) the star-shaped feeder, the sealing baffle plate and the material seal of the feeding pipe of the raw material feeding system and the sealing gas introduced by the screw feeder effectively isolate the feeding system from the pyrolysis gasification reactor, and ensure the reliable and stable operation of the system;
drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the present disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Wherein
1 a pyrolysis gasification reactor, which comprises a heating section 2, a conical section 3 and a settling section 4;
5 heating elements, 6 primary cyclones, 7 secondary cyclones, 8 condensers, 9 induced draft fans, 10 solid recovery tanks, 11 blanking pipes, 12 backflow product gases, 13 gas-solid mixed backflow product gases, 14 hot gases, 15 additive feeders, 16 raw material feeding sealing units, 17 screw feeders, 18 feeding pipes and 19 solid discharge tanks.
Detailed Description
Example 1 catalytic pyrolysis of CaO on municipal sludge under microwave irradiation and flue gas atmosphere
Referring to fig. 1, a spouting and fluidization combined three-section type enhanced pyrolysis gasification system comprises a raw material (municipal sludge) feeding sealing unit 16, a screw feeder 17, a feeding pipe 18, a pyrolysis gasification reactor 1, a primary cyclone separator 6, a secondary cyclone separator 7, a condenser 8, an induced draft fan 9, a solid recovery tank 10 and a solid discharge tank 19 which are sequentially communicated and connected, wherein the system generates product gas (fuel gas), pyrolysis liquid and carbon-based solid products, the pyrolysis gasification reactor adopts a three-section structure type and electromagnetic heating, and gas-solid enhanced mixing and efficient conversion are realized through product gas and hot bed material circulation, utilization of fluidized hot gas, use of a wave absorbing agent and a catalyst. The raw material feeding system comprises a raw material feeding sealing unit 16, a screw feeder 17 and a feeding pipe 18; pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 includes heating section 2, toper section 3 and subsides section 4, and pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 is connected through filling tube 18 and raw materials charge-in system intercommunication.
The pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 is communicated and connected with an additive feeder 15 through a pipeline, and is communicated and connected with a primary cyclone separator 6 and a secondary cyclone separator 7 through a pipeline, the secondary cyclone separator 7 is communicated and connected with a condenser 8 through a pipeline, the condenser 8 is communicated and connected with a draught fan 9 through a pipeline, the primary cyclone separator 6 and the secondary cyclone separator 7 are communicated and connected with a solid recovery tank 10 through a pipeline and a blanking pipe 11, after gas-solid separation of the cyclone separators, separated solid bed materials enter the solid recovery tank 10, the solid bed materials in the solid recovery tank 10 are converged with backflow product gas from the draught fan 9 to form mixed backflow product gas 13, the gas and solid enter the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 from the bottom and the side of a conical section 3 of the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 in a tangential direction respectively, and the bottom of the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 forms a bottom-to-top spouted gas flow, the side surface enters tangentially to form a convoluted airflow and interacts with the spouted airflow, and hot gas 14 (hot flue gas) also enters the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 at the bottom of the conical section 3, so that gas-solid mixing and turbulence degree are promoted; the heat product gas and the hot bed material are recycled, the heat efficiency of the system is improved, the temperature distribution is improved, the pyrolysis gasification depth and the conversion rate are improved, and the product gas quality is improved. The conical section is communicated with a solid discharge tank 19 through a pipeline, and the carbon-based solid product is collected by the solid discharge tank 19.
The pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 is divided into three sections, from bottom to top, the diameter of the reactor is gradually increased, and the diameter of the heating section is kept unchanged, so that the arrangement and the configuration of the heating element 5 are facilitated, and the uniformity of heating is also facilitated; microwave heating is adopted outside the heating section 2 of the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1, magnetrons are arranged in pairs, a wave absorbing agent is configured inside the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1, the temperature of the reactor is regulated and controlled quickly and efficiently by utilizing the wave absorbing performance of the wave absorbing agent, a main shell of the heating section 2 is made of a ceramic weak wave absorbing material, so that microwave energy is absorbed by materials, the high-efficiency conversion of pyrolysis gasification is facilitated, and the conversion rate and the system efficiency are improved.
The gas distribution plate is not arranged in the conical section 3 of the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1, so that the gas path is smooth, the pressure drop is reduced, the channel is prevented from being blocked by particles, the gas-solid mixed reflux product gas 13 contains solid bed materials added by the solid recovery tank 10, the gas-solid mixed reflux product gas directly enters the conical section 3 from the bottom and the side of the conical section 3 in a tangential manner, the temperature of the gas-solid mixed reflux product gas 13 and the temperature of the hot bed materials are higher, the gas-solid mixed reflux product gas circulates to the conical section 3 and heats municipal sludge, the heat efficiency of the system is improved, hot flue gas 14 and one path of gas of the gas-solid mixed reflux product gas 13 are mixed and then enter the bottom of the conical section 3 to form upward air flow in a spraying manner, the power for returning the hot bed materials to the conical section is provided, the particle blockage is avoided, the diameter of an air inlet.
The feeding pipe 18 enters the reactor at the top of the settling section 4 of the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1, the tail end of the feeding pipe 18 is provided with a bent pipe to prevent the blocking effect of upward airflow on municipal sludge and promote the smoothness of municipal sludge feeding, the opening of the bent pipe faces the feeding direction of the additive feeder, the premixing of CaO and municipal sludge added by the additive feeder 15 is ensured, and the reaction rate and the conversion efficiency of the municipal sludge in the heating section 2 of the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 are improved; the additive feeder 15 adopts a double-valve lock hopper type, and a feed inlet of the additive feeder is arranged on the inner wall of a settling section with low air velocity, so that the gravity feeding of CaO is facilitated, and the interference of air flow on the feeding velocity and the feeding stability is reduced; the horizontal distance between the feed inlet of the settling section 4 and the opening of the elbow at the end of the feed pipe of the additive feeder 15 is not more than 30% of the diameter of the heating section (2). So as to promote the contact and mixing of CaO and municipal sludge and improve the pyrolysis gasification efficiency.
The raw material feeding sealing unit 16 comprises a star-shaped feeder and a baffle plate below the star-shaped feeder, the baffle plate reduces the passage area, the material sealing effect can be effectively improved, the gas leakage is reduced, the power for feeding municipal sludge is provided by a screw feeder 17, and CO can be injected into the screw feeder 172To provide a gas seal; municipal sludge inside the feed tube 18 provides further material sealing, thereby effectively isolating the pyrolysis gasification reactor and the raw material feed system and ensuring long-term safe and stable operation of the system.
The working process is as follows: by optimizing the structure of the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1, using additives, configuring the heating element 5 and effectively utilizing energy in a gradient manner, the thermal decomposition of municipal sludge is promoted to generate pyrolysis gas and solid products, the non-condensable pyrolysis gas partially flows back to the conical section 3 of the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 after the pyrolysis gas is condensed by the condenser 8, and pyrolysis liquid is collected by the condenser 8; the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 adopts a three-section structural style and electromagnetic heating (such as microwave irradiation and electromagnetic induction heating), a high-temperature area is formed in a middle heating section area, and heat is transmitted to the sedimentation section 4 and the conical section 3 in a radiation and convection mode to form a raw material preheating area, a core reaction area and a carbon-based solid separation area; municipal sludge enters a feed pipe 18 from a screw feeder 17, a star-shaped feeder of a raw material feeding system, a sealing baffle plate, a material seal of the feed pipe 18 and CO introduced by the screw feeder 172The gas is sealed, so that the feeding system and the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 are effectively isolated, and the reliable and stable operation of the system is ensured; the charging pipe 18 enters the core reaction zone from the upper part of the heating section 2 after being preheated in the sedimentation section 4, the additive CaO is also added from the sedimentation section 4, upward airflow, falling raw materials and turbulent fluidized bed materials are mixed vigorously to generate pyrolysis gasification conversion, gas products pass through the primary cyclone separator 6 and the secondary cyclone separator 7 to be subjected to gas-liquid separation by the condenser, condensate liquid is collected, and non-condensable gas (such as CO and CO) is collected2、H2And CH4Etc.) flows back to the front section through a draught fan 9, and a primary cyclone separatorAfter being mixed, the solid bed material separated by the separator 6 and the secondary cyclone separator 7 and the backflow product gas enter the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 from the bottom and the side surface of the conical section 3 in a tangential manner respectively, and are converged with hot gas 14 hot flue gas introduced from the bottom of the conical section 3 to form spouted airflow and rotating airflow inside the pyrolysis gasification reactor 1, so that the gas-solid mixing and pyrolysis gasification intensity are greatly promoted, and the system thermal efficiency is improved; the carbon-based solid product is discharged at the side of the conical section and collected by a solid discharge tank 19.
Example 2 catalytic pyrolysis of Bentonite in microwave irradiation and steam atmosphere
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the raw material is printing and dyeing sludge, the hot gas 14 is water vapor, the bentonite is sent into the settling section 4 by the additive feeder 15, the microwave heating pyrolysis gasification reactor 1 is adopted in the heating section 2, and the quartz tube material is adopted in the main body shell of the heating section 2.
Example 3 Furfural residue gasification by catalytic pyrolysis of olivine under electromagnetic induction heating and air atmosphere
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the raw material is furfural residue, the hot gas 14 is hot air, the additive feeder 15 feeds olivine into the settling section 4, the heating section 2 adopts an electromagnetic induction heating pyrolysis gasification reactor 1, and the main body shell of the heating section 2 adopts a stainless steel and medium carbon steel double-layer material.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A spouting and fluidization combined three-section type enhanced pyrolysis gasification system is characterized in that: the system comprises a raw material feeding sealing unit (16), a screw feeder (17), a feeding pipe (18), a pyrolysis gasification reactor (1), a primary cyclone separator (6), a secondary cyclone separator (7), a condenser (8), an induced draft fan (9), a solid recovery tank (10) and a solid discharge tank (19) which are sequentially communicated and connected, wherein the system generates product gas (fuel gas), pyrolysis liquid and carbon-based solid products, the pyrolysis gasification reactor (1) adopts three-section structural style and electromagnetic heating, and gas-solid mixed contact and high-efficiency conversion are realized through product gas and hot bed material circulation, utilization of fluidized hot gas, and the use of a wave absorbing agent and a catalyst.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises a three-stage enhanced pyrolysis gasification system with combined spouting and fluidization, and the system comprises:
the raw material feeding system comprises a raw material feeding sealing unit (16), a screw feeder (17) and a feeding pipe (18);
the pyrolysis gasification reactor (1) comprises a heating section (2), a conical section (3) and a settling section (4), and the pyrolysis gasification reactor (1) is communicated and connected with a raw material feeding system through a feeding pipe (18);
the pyrolysis gasification reactor (1) is communicated and connected with an additive feeder (15) through a pipeline, and is communicated and connected with a primary cyclone separator (6) and a secondary cyclone separator (7) through a pipeline, the secondary cyclone separator (7) is communicated and connected with a condenser (8) through a pipeline, the condenser (8) is communicated and connected with a draught fan (9) through a pipeline, the primary cyclone separator (6) and the secondary cyclone separator (7) are communicated and connected with a solid recovery tank (10) through a pipeline and a blanking pipe (11), after a bed material of the solid recovery tank (10) and a reflux product gas (12) from the draught fan (9) are converged, a gas-solid mixed reflux product gas (13) is formed, the gas-solid mixed reflux product gas (13) respectively enters the pyrolysis gasification reactor (1) from the bottom and the side of a conical section (3) in a tangential direction, and a hot gas (14) enters the pyrolysis gasification reactor (1) at the bottom of the conical section (3), the conical section (3) is communicated and connected with the solid discharge tank (19) through a pipeline.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the system comprises a three-stage enhanced pyrolysis gasification system with combined spouting and fluidization, and the system comprises: the pyrolysis gasification reactor (1) is divided into three sections, from bottom to top, the diameter of the reactor is gradually increased, and the diameter of the heating section (2) is kept unchanged; electromagnetic heating (such as microwave irradiation or electromagnetic induction heating) is adopted outside a heating section (2) of the pyrolysis gasification reactor (1), magnetrons are arranged in pairs during microwave irradiation, a wave absorbing agent needs to be configured inside the pyrolysis gasification reactor (1), and a main body shell of the heating section (2) is made of ceramic or quartz during microwave heating.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein the system comprises a three-stage enhanced pyrolysis gasification system with combined spouting and fluidization, and the system comprises: the gas distribution plate is not arranged in the conical section (3) of the pyrolysis gasification reactor (1), gas-solid mixed reflux product gas (13) directly enters the conical section (3) from the bottom and the side surface of the conical section (3) in a tangential manner, hot gas (14) and one path of gas-solid mixed reflux product gas (13) are mixed and then enter the bottom of the conical section (3), and the diameter of a gas inlet at the bottom of the conical section (3) is not more than 10% of that of the heating section (2).
5. The system of claim 2, wherein the system comprises a three-stage enhanced pyrolysis gasification system with combined spouting and fluidization, and the system comprises: the feeding pipe (18) enters the reactor at the top of the settling section (4) of the pyrolysis gasification reactor (1), the tail end of the feeding pipe (18) is provided with a bent pipe, the opening of the bent pipe faces the feeding direction of the additive feeder (15), the additive feeder (15) adopts a double-valve lock hopper type, and the horizontal distance between the feeding hole of the settling section (4) and the opening of the bent pipe at the tail end of the feeding pipe (18) of the additive feeder (15) is not more than 30% of the diameter of the heating section (2).
6. The system of claim 2, wherein the system comprises a three-stage enhanced pyrolysis gasification system with combined spouting and fluidization, and the system comprises: the raw material feeding and sealing unit (16) comprises a star-shaped feeder and a baffle plate below the star-shaped feeder, the material inside the feeding pipe (18) provides a material seal, and the inert gas can be injected inside the screw feeder (17) to provide a gas seal.
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