CN106367118B - Organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier and steam generation system - Google Patents
Organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier and steam generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106367118B CN106367118B CN201610922240.6A CN201610922240A CN106367118B CN 106367118 B CN106367118 B CN 106367118B CN 201610922240 A CN201610922240 A CN 201610922240A CN 106367118 B CN106367118 B CN 106367118B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
- F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1687—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with steam generation
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of organic solid waste recycling and hot water steam generation, and particularly relates to an organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace and a steam generation system. The organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier comprises a long cylindrical furnace body, a heat exchanger is arranged in the long cylindrical furnace body, a gas layer is formed between the side wall of the long cylindrical furnace body and the side wall of the heat exchanger at intervals, a feed inlet used for adding organic solid waste materials into a heat exchanger cylinder is formed in the top wall of the long cylindrical furnace body, a sealing cover body capable of being opened and closed is arranged at the feed inlet, and a gas pipe communicated with the gas layer is arranged on the long cylindrical furnace body. The steam generation system comprises the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier, a gas purifier, a first exhaust fan and a steam boiler. The pyrolysis gasifier is internally provided with the heat exchanger, so that a hearth of the pyrolysis gasifier can be protected, heat energy loss can be reduced, generated hot water is injected into the steam boiler, the generated fuel gas can be used for heating preheated hot water in the steam boiler after being purified, the design is reasonable, and the utilization rate of organic solid waste is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of organic solid waste recycling and hot water steam generation, and particularly relates to an organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace and a steam generation system.
Background
In recent years, the urbanization process of China is accelerated, the number and the scale of cities are continuously enlarged, but the pollution of urban garbage to the urban ecological environment is increasingly serious due to serious lag of environment protection infrastructure. China generates nearly 1.5 million tons of urban garbage every year and still increases at a rate of about 10% per year. At present, municipal waste treatment in China still mainly adopts landfill and incineration, and a large amount of land occupation exists, so that secondary pollution such as leachate, dioxin and the like is caused; particularly, small cities with weak economic strength still commonly adopt a suburb open-air garbage stacking treatment method, and have serious pollution to the atmosphere, soil and water body environment. At present, the stock of municipal domestic garbage in China exceeds 80 hundred million tons, and the garbage disposal problem is urgent.
Meanwhile, China is a big agricultural country, the agricultural and forestry wastes are large in production amount, wherein the annual output of crop straws reaches 5 hundred million tons (dry mass), the annual output of wood wastes such as sawdust, wood shavings and the like reaches 16000 tons, and most of the wastes are directly burned or discarded into the environment, so that the environmental pollution and the resource waste are caused.
Therefore, how to reasonably utilize the urban organic garbage and agricultural and forestry waste resources and really realize the change of organic solid wastes into wastes is of great significance for relieving the energy pressure of China, protecting the ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of industry and agriculture. The organic solid waste mainly comprises organic matters, a small amount of ash and the like, and is pyrolyzed and gasified to generate CH4、CO、H2And the combustible gas can be further used for cooking, combustion heating, heating refrigeration and power generation. The technology can solve the problem of waste pollution, improve the utilization efficiency of waste biomass, provide high-grade energy sources such as fuel gas and the like, and is an organic solid waste harmless treatment and resource utilization mode with wide application prospect.
Common methods for treating organic solid wastes include: landfill, composting, incineration, pyrolysis gasification and other technologies. The landfill technology is widely applied in China as a main treatment method of solid wastes, but the landfill occupies a large amount of land and is easy to cause secondary pollution such as leachate and the like, so that the requirements on treatment and seepage prevention of a landfill site are high. The compost technology has small treatment amount and long treatment period; and has the defects of pathogenic bacteria, heavy metal pollution and the like. The incineration technology can avoid the defects of landfill and composting technology, but the domestic solid waste incineration treatment technology starts late, an effective smoke treatment device is lacked, secondary pollution problems such as dioxin, fly ash and the like exist, and the health of residents in peripheral areas is harmed.
The pyrolysis gasification technology achieves the purposes of solid waste treatment, emission reduction and volume reduction, and simultaneously converts most of energy of waste biomass into fuel gas, thereby realizing resource utilization of waste. However, most of the existing solid waste pyrolysis gasifiers adopt fireproof bricks to protect the inner wall of a hearth from being damaged by high temperature, however, water vapor generated by organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification can cause weathering stripping influence on the fireproof bricks, the fireproof bricks have to be frequently replaced, and troubles are caused to equipment maintenance; meanwhile, the waste of heat energy is also caused. Therefore, the traditional pyrolysis gasification furnace has low energy utilization efficiency, and most of the heat energy generated in the pyrolysis process is dissipated in the form of radiant heat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace and a steam generation system, wherein the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace can effectively overcome a plurality of defects caused by the fact that a fire-proof brick is used for protecting a hearth of the gasification furnace in the prior art, and the steam generation system takes the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace and a steam boiler as heat source equipment, can simultaneously provide hot water and steam, and has high utilization rate of heat energy of organic solid waste.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: an organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace comprises a long cylindrical furnace body which is vertically placed and is sealed at the upper end and the lower end, a long cylindrical tube type heat exchanger with openings at the upper end and the lower end is arranged in the long cylindrical furnace body, a fuel gas layer is formed between the side wall of the long cylindrical tube type heat exchanger and the side wall of the long cylindrical tube type heat exchanger at intervals, the side wall of the tube type heat exchanger consists of an annular upper water tank, an annular lower water tank and a plurality of first heat exchange tubes, the annular upper water tank and the annular lower water tank are horizontally arranged and are fixedly connected with the side wall of the long cylindrical furnace body through fixing rod pieces or are respectively connected with the top wall and the bottom wall of the long cylindrical furnace body through hanging rods and supporting rods, the first heat exchange tubes are vertically arranged, the upper end and the lower end of the first heat exchange tubes are respectively and correspondingly communicated with the annular upper water tank and the annular lower water tank, and the plurality of first heat exchange tubes are evenly arranged between the annular upper water tank and the annular lower water tank at intervals, a lining plate is connected between the adjacent first heat exchange tubes, a plurality of air holes are formed in the lining plate, a tubular bushing with an upper end opening and a lower end being sealed is arranged at the lower part in the long tubular heat exchanger, the side wall of the tubular bushing is tightly attached to the first heat exchange tubes on the inner side of the long tubular heat exchanger, a feed opening for adding organic solid waste materials into the long tubular heat exchanger is formed in the top wall of the long tubular furnace body, a sealing cover body capable of being opened and closed is arranged at the feed opening, a gas tube communicated with the gas layer is arranged on the long tubular furnace body, an ash outlet pipeline is arranged on the side wall of the long tubular furnace body, the ash outlet pipeline penetrates through the side wall of the long tubular furnace body, the side wall of the long tubular heat exchanger (the first heat exchange tube at the part through which the ash outlet pipeline penetrates has a section of bent pipeline at the ash outlet pipeline so as to bypass the ash outlet pipeline) and the side wall of the tubular bushing, the long tube-shape furnace body lower part is provided with the intake pipe, the one end and the forced draught blower intercommunication of intake pipe, the other end of intake pipe runs through long tube-shape furnace body with the diapire of tube-shape bush and to admit air in the tube-shape bush, annular lower water tank and inlet tube intercommunication, annular upper water tank and outlet pipe intercommunication.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the annular upper water tank is spaced from the top wall of the long cylindrical furnace body, the annular lower water tank is spaced from the bottom wall of the long cylindrical furnace body, and a tar pipe for discharging tar deposited on the bottom wall is arranged on the bottom wall of the long cylindrical furnace body.
Furthermore, an annular material guide plate extending to an opening at the upper end of the long-tube-shaped tubular heat exchanger and a water seal tank used for placing the sealing cover body to prevent gas leakage are arranged at the feeding port.
Further, a pressure release valve communicated with the fuel gas layer is arranged on the top wall of the long cylindrical furnace body, and support legs are arranged at the bottom of the long cylindrical furnace body. The pressure relief valve is arranged on the furnace top, and when the gas in the gasification furnace exceeds the critical pressure, the pressure relief valve automatically opens to relieve the redundant pressure. The outer end of the ash outlet pipeline is provided with a screw rod locking mechanism, and the ash cover is closed and self-locked when the gasification furnace operates to ensure the air tightness of the gasification furnace.
The invention also provides a steam generation system, which comprises the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier, a gas purifier, a first exhaust fan, a steam boiler and the like, wherein a gas pipe of the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier is communicated with a crude gas inlet pipe of the gas purifier, a purified gas outlet pipe of the gas purifier is communicated with an air inlet of the first exhaust fan, an air outlet of the first exhaust fan is communicated with a gas stove of the steam boiler through a pipeline, a water outlet pipe of the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier is communicated with a water inlet of the steam boiler, and the steam boiler is also provided with a hot water outlet and a steam outlet.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the gas purifier includes that the vertical placement and upper and lower both ends all seal long barrel, alkaline washing liquid is equipped with in the long barrel, long barrel top one side is provided with thick gas advances the pipe, thick gas advances the pipe and includes one section vertical pipe, the level is provided with the tube sheet in the vertical pipe, a plurality of gas spray pipes of even interval fixedly connected with on the tube sheet, the gas spray pipe is vertical to be set up and its lower extreme stretches into in the alkaline washing liquid, long barrel top opposite side has seted up the purified gas export, the purified gas export communicates with the one end of purified gas derivation pipeline, the other end of purified gas derivation pipeline communicates with the air intake of second air exhauster, the air outlet intercommunication of second air exhauster has the purified gas exit tube, the purified gas derivation pipeline intercommunication has the branch pipe that is used for leading-in air so that air and purified gas mix, the branch pipe is provided with a valve with adjustable opening, the long barrel is provided with a liquid inlet for injecting alkaline washing liquid into the long barrel, and the bottom of the long barrel is provided with a sewage draining outlet.
Further, the crude gas inlet pipe is a three-way pipe and consists of the vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe communicated with the middle of the vertical pipe, the pipe plate and the gas spray pipe are positioned below the joint of the vertical pipe and the horizontal pipe, the top end of the vertical pipe is provided with a flange cover, and the horizontal pipe is communicated with the gas pipe. The coarse gas inlet pipe is a three-way pipe, the upper end of the coarse gas inlet pipe is provided with a flange cover, and the lower end of the coarse gas inlet pipe is provided with a gas spray pipe fixing pipe plate and a gas spray pipe. When impurities in the crude fuel gas are deposited in the tube plate and the fuel gas spray pipe, the flange cover can be detached for cleaning. The gas spray pipes are distributed along the circumference of the pipe plate, and the lower end faces of the gas spray pipes extend below the liquid level. The crude fuel gas inlet pipe is connected with the pyrolysis gasifier through a pipeline, and the crude fuel gas inlet pipe and the pyrolysis gasifier both maintain micro-positive pressure. The gas derivation pipeline is externally connected with a second exhaust fan, and the purified gas in the cavity of the gas purifier is extracted out, so that negative pressure is kept in the cavity of the purifier. The pressure difference between the crude gas inlet pipe and the gas outlet pipeline enables the crude gas to overflow from the gas spray pipe at a high flow rate, and dust, tar and sulfur oxides in the crude gas are removed by washing with an alkaline gas washing liquid. The purified fuel gas can be premixed with air, and the content of the air in the fuel gas is controlled by a valve with adjustable opening degree, so that the content of each component in the fuel gas is indirectly adjusted.
Further, the steam boiler comprises a boiler barrel and the gas stove, the boiler barrel is vertically arranged, the gas stove is arranged below the boiler barrel, the gas stove is communicated with the lower end of the boiler barrel through a flame collecting pipe, an upper pipe plate and a lower pipe plate are horizontally arranged in the boiler barrel at intervals, a closed space enclosed by the upper pipe plate, the lower pipe plate and the side wall of the boiler barrel is a water tank, the side wall of the boiler barrel is provided with a water inlet and a hot water outlet communicated with the water tank, the side wall of the boiler barrel is provided with a steam outlet communicated with the top of the water tank, a plurality of through holes are correspondingly formed in the upper pipe plate and the lower pipe plate, a plurality of second heat exchange pipes are vertically arranged between the upper pipe plate and the lower pipe plate, and two ends of the second heat exchange pipes are respectively communicated with the through holes in the upper pipe plate and the lower pipe plate, the second heat exchange tubes correspond to the through holes one by one, a smoke exhaust tube is arranged at the top of the boiler barrel, and smoke generated after combustion of gas in the gas stove flows upwards through the second heat exchange tubes and is finally exhausted through the smoke exhaust tube.
Further, a heat insulation lining is arranged on the inner wall of the lower end of the boiler barrel.
Further, the water inlet is communicated with the lower part of the water tank, and the hot water outlet is communicated with the upper part of the water tank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier uses a long cylindrical tube type heat exchanger structure in a long cylindrical furnace body, water is used as a heat transfer medium, heat energy is fully utilized, a hearth of the pyrolysis gasifier can be protected from high-temperature deformation, heat energy loss can be reduced, heat energy generated by preliminary combustion of organic solid waste is stored in cooling water of the long cylindrical tube type heat exchanger to be heated, and then the generated hot water is introduced into a steam boiler, so that the heat energy can be fully utilized, and the energy loss is reduced. In addition, after the crude gas generated by the pyrolysis and gasification of the organic solid waste is subjected to purification treatment such as dust removal and coke removal of a gas purifier, high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in a gas stove at the lower part of a steam boiler is used for heating preheated hot water in the boiler to generate hot water and steam, so that the purposes of steam supply and heating are achieved, the structural design is reasonable, and the utilization rate of the organic solid waste is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of an organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier provided in the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an internal structure of the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier shown in fig. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a steam generation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a gas purifier of the steam generation system shown in FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a steam boiler of the steam generation system shown in fig. 3.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. an organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace; 2. a gas purifier; 3. a first exhaust fan; 4. a steam boiler;
101. a long cylindrical furnace body; 102. an annular upper water tank; 103. an annular lower water tank; 104. a first heat exchange tube; 105. a liner plate; 106. a cylindrical bushing; 107. sealing the cover body; 108. a gas pipe; 109. an ash discharge pipeline; 110. an air inlet pipe; 111. a blower; 112. a water inlet pipe; 113. a water outlet pipe; 114. a tar pipe; 115. an annular material guide plate; 116. water sealing the tank; 117. a pressure relief valve; 118. a support leg;
201. a long cylinder; 202. feeding the crude fuel gas into a pipe; 203. a tube sheet; 204. a gas nozzle; 205. a purified gas outlet pipeline; 206. a second exhaust fan; 207. a purified gas outlet pipe; 208. a branch pipe; 209. a valve; 210. a liquid inlet; 211. a sewage draining outlet; 212. a flange cover;
401. a boiler barrel; 402. a gas range; 403. a flame collecting pipe; 404. an upper tube sheet; 405. a lower tube plate; 406. a water inlet; 407. a hot water outlet; 408. a steam outlet; 409. a second heat exchange tube; 410. a smoke exhaust pipe; 411. a thermally insulating liner.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the invention provides an organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier, which comprises a vertically placed long cylindrical furnace body 101 with two closed ends, wherein a long cylindrical tubular heat exchanger with an upper end and a lower end both open is arranged in the long cylindrical furnace body 101, a fuel gas layer is formed between the side wall of the long cylindrical furnace body 101 and the side wall of the long cylindrical tubular heat exchanger at intervals, the side wall of the tubular heat exchanger is composed of an annular upper water tank 102, an annular lower water tank 103 and a plurality of first heat exchange tubes 104, the first heat exchange tubes 104 are vertically arranged and communicated with the annular upper water tank 102 and the annular lower water tank 103, the plurality of first heat exchange tubes 104 are uniformly arranged between the annular upper water tank 102 and the annular lower water tank 103 at intervals, a lining plate 105 is connected between the adjacent first heat exchange tubes 104, a plurality of air holes are formed in the lining plate 105, a cylindrical lining 106 with an upper end open and a lower end closed is arranged at the lower part in the long cylindrical tubular heat exchanger, the side wall of the cylindrical lining 106 is tightly attached to a plurality of first heat exchange tubes 104 on the inner side of the long cylindrical tubular heat exchanger, the top wall of the long cylindrical furnace body 101 is provided with a feed inlet for adding organic solid waste materials into the long cylindrical tubular heat exchanger, the feed inlet is provided with a closable seal cover body 107, the long cylindrical furnace body 101 is provided with a gas tube 108 communicated with the gas layer, the side wall of the long cylindrical furnace body 101 is provided with an ash outlet pipeline 109, the ash outlet pipeline 109 penetrates through the side wall of the long cylindrical furnace body 101, the side wall of the long cylindrical tubular heat exchanger and the side wall of the cylindrical lining 106, the lower part of the long cylindrical furnace body 101 is provided with an air inlet pipe 110, one end of the air inlet pipe 110 is communicated with a blower 111, and the other end of the air inlet pipe 110 penetrates through the bottom walls of the long cylindrical furnace body 101 and the cylindrical lining 106 and enters air into the cylindrical lining 106, the annular lower water tank 103 is communicated with the water inlet pipe 112, and the annular upper water tank 102 is communicated with the water outlet pipe 113. The gas layer and the materials in the heat exchanger barrel are isolated by the long-barrel-shaped lining sleeve, the lining plate and the first heat exchange tubes on the inner side of the barrel wall of the long-barrel-shaped tube type heat exchanger, so that the materials and ash slag are prevented from falling into the gas layer.
Further, the annular upper water tank 102 is spaced from the top wall of the long cylindrical furnace body 101, the annular lower water tank 103 is spaced from the bottom wall of the long cylindrical furnace body 101, and a tar pipe 114 for discharging tar deposited on the bottom wall is arranged on the bottom wall of the long cylindrical furnace body 101.
Further, an annular material guide plate 115 extending to an opening at the upper end of the long-cylinder tubular heat exchanger and a water seal tank 116 for placing the seal cover body 107 to prevent gas leakage are arranged at the feeding port.
Further, a pressure relief valve 117 is provided on the top wall of the long cylindrical furnace body 101, and a leg 118 is provided at the bottom of the long cylindrical furnace body 101. The gas exit tube can set up to the T-shaped, and its gasifier and clarifier of connecting, pipeline one end cooperation blind flange seals, when thick gas impurity accumulated in the intraductal influence pipeline and carried, can demolish the blind flange and clear up.
The process of gas generation is as follows: the material newly added into the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier is firstly positioned on the uppermost layer of the material in the long cylindrical tubular heat exchanger barrel, namely in the drying zone, the material is subjected to heat radiation of hot gas in a gas layer and the heat exchanger, water is gradually separated out, and finally the material is changed into dry material. The dry materials move downwards to enter the pyrolysis zone, the temperature of the pyrolysis zone is higher, and the overflow temperature of volatile components is reached, so that organic solid waste starts to crack, volatile component gas starts to be generated, and the dry materials are gradually decomposed into carbon, volatile components, tar and the like. The carbon produced in the pyrolysis zone enters the reduction zone downwards and is subjected to reduction reaction with water vapor, carbon dioxide and the like flowing upwards from the oxidation zone to generate combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the like. The reactions occurring in the reduction layer are almost all endothermic, the most intense in the high temperature zone near the oxide layer. The carbon which is not consumed in the reaction of the reduction zone enters the oxidation zone, the incandescence carbon and the air in the gasifying agent entering the oxidation zone are subjected to oxidation reaction to form ash slag, the water vapor, the carbon dioxide and the heat energy required by the reduction zone are provided, and the ash slag is discharged from a slag discharge port after the reaction is finished. A small part of fuel gas enters a fuel gas area through air holes uniformly distributed on a lining plate of the heat exchanger; most of the fuel gas flows upwards from bottom to top under the action of the negative pressure of the exhaust fan and overflows the inner container to enter the fuel gas layer, and finally the fuel gas is conveyed to the fuel gas purifier through a pipeline.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides a steam generation system, which includes the above organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier 1, a gas purifier 2, a first exhaust fan 3, a steam boiler 4, etc., wherein a gas pipe 108 of the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier 1 is communicated with a raw gas inlet pipe 202 of the gas purifier 2, a purified gas outlet pipe 207 of the gas purifier 2 is communicated with an air inlet of the first exhaust fan 3, an air outlet of the first exhaust fan 3 is communicated with a gas stove 402 of the steam boiler 4 through a pipeline, an water outlet pipe 113 of the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier 1 is communicated with a water inlet 406 of the steam boiler 4, and an upper end of the steam boiler 4 is further provided with a hot water outlet 407 and a steam outlet 408.
The long tubular tube type heat exchanger and the steam boiler water tank in the pyrolysis gasification furnace form two-stage heating of water. The cooling water in the tubes in the pyrolysis gasifier absorbs heat to become hot water when the organic solid waste is pyrolyzed and gasified, the hot water flows into a steam boiler, and the steam is further heated by pyrolysis fuel gas to generate steam. The produced hot water and steam can be used for cooking, heating, bathing and other production and living requirements. Meanwhile, cold water is pressurized by a centrifugal pump and then injected into the annular lower water tank of the heat exchanger of the gasification furnace, flows into the annular upper water tank through the first heat exchange tube and then flows out of the water outlet pipe, so that the water is primarily heated in the pyrolysis gasification furnace, and the primarily heated water is conveyed to the steam boiler through the water circulation pipeline and is heated to generate steam continuously.
Further, the gas purifier 2 is as shown in fig. 4, it includes that vertical placement and both ends all seal long barrel 201 from top to bottom, alkaline washing liquid is equipped with in the long barrel 201, long barrel 201 top one side is provided with thick gas advances pipe 202, thick gas advances pipe 202 includes one section vertical pipe, the vertical intraductal level is provided with tube sheet 203, a plurality of gas spray pipes 204 of even interval fixedly connected with on the tube sheet 203, gas spray pipe 204 is vertical to be set up and its lower extreme stretches into in the alkaline washing liquid, long barrel 201 top opposite side has seted up the purified gas export, the purified gas export communicates with the one end of purified gas derivation pipeline 205, the other end of purified gas derivation pipeline 205 communicates with the air intake of second air exhauster 206, the air outlet intercommunication of second air exhauster 206 has purified gas export pipe 207, the intercommunication has branch pipe 208 that is used for leading-in air so that air and purified gas mix on the purified gas derivation pipeline 205, the branch pipe 208 is provided with a valve 209 with adjustable opening degree, the long cylinder 201 is provided with a liquid inlet 210 for injecting alkaline washing liquid into the long cylinder 201, and the bottom of the long cylinder 201 is provided with a sewage outlet 211. The function of first air exhauster and second air exhauster is taking out and sending to steam boiler with purifying gas from gas purifier in, except that first air exhauster and second air exhauster series connection use, only chooses for use first air exhauster or second air exhauster as required by the technical staff in the art.
Further, the crude gas inlet pipe 202 is a three-way pipe, the crude gas inlet pipe 202 is composed of the vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe communicated with the middle of the vertical pipe, the pipe plate 203 and the gas spray pipe 204 are located below the joint of the vertical pipe and the horizontal pipe, and the top end of the vertical pipe is provided with a flange cover 212.
The gas purifier adopts wet dedusting and decoking principles. Under the action of the pressure inside the gasification furnace and the negative pressure of the exhaust fan, the crude fuel gas passes through the fuel gas spray pipe at a high speed, impacts alkaline water in the purifier and then turns back upwards. The purifying method utilizes cheap alkaline emulsion alkaline washing liquid as a trapping body to trap impurities such as tar, fly ash and the like in the gas, and the principle is that when the gas flow passes through a liquid layer and a liquid film to form liquid drops, dust particles in the gas flow are adhered to the liquid and separated out. In order to make the alkaline emulsion lower in temperature and achieve good dust and coke removing effect, the long cylinder of the purifier can also be provided with an alkaline washing liquid outlet, and then the alkaline washing liquid is formed to circularly flow through a pipeline, an external cooling device, an external pump and the like, so that the temperature of the alkaline emulsion is always lower. A certain amount of alkali and emulsifier are added into the alkaline emulsion water, which is beneficial to improving the tar removal effect. The coke-containing wastewater collected in the purifier is purified by adopting a demulsification decoking process, the coke-containing wastewater is collected to a stirring tank through a sewage outlet, a demulsifier is added for stirring and standing, oil and water are layered and separated, and substances such as tar are recovered for further utilization.
Further, the steam boiler 4 is shown in fig. 5 and comprises a boiler barrel 401 and a gas stove 402, the boiler barrel 401 is vertically arranged, the gas stove 402 is arranged below the boiler barrel 401, the gas stove 402 is communicated with the lower end of the boiler barrel 401 through a flame collecting pipe 403, an upper tube plate 404 and a lower tube plate 405 are horizontally arranged in the boiler barrel 401 at intervals, a closed space enclosed by the upper tube plate 404, the lower tube plate 405 and the side wall of the boiler barrel 401 is a water tank, the side wall of the boiler barrel 401 is provided with a water inlet 406 and a hot water outlet 407 communicated with the water tank, the side wall of the boiler barrel 401 is provided with a steam outlet 408 communicated with the top of the water tank, the upper tube plate 404 and the lower tube plate 405 are correspondingly provided with a plurality of through holes, and a plurality of second heat exchange pipes 409 are vertically arranged between the upper tube plate 404 and the lower tube plate 405, the two ends of the second heat exchange tube 409 are respectively communicated with the through holes in the upper tube plate 404 and the lower tube plate 405, the second heat exchange tube 409 corresponds to the through holes one by one, a smoke discharge tube 410 is arranged at the top of the boiler barrel 401, and smoke generated after combustion of gas in the gas stove 402 flows upwards through the second heat exchange tube 409 and is finally discharged through the smoke discharge tube 410. A water layer is arranged between the upper tube plate and the lower tube plate of the steam boiler, the second heat exchange tube is inserted in the water layer, the flue gas passes through the tube side, the water passes through the shell side, and the flue gas and the water are in parallel flow. The flue gas is discharged out of the boiler from bottom to top through the second heat exchange tube and the smoke exhaust tube.
Further, a heat insulation bushing 411 is arranged on the inner wall of the lower end of the boiler barrel 401.
Further, the water inlet 406 is communicated with a lower portion of the water tank, and the hot water outlet 407 is communicated with an upper portion of the water tank.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. An organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace is characterized by comprising a long cylindrical furnace body (101) which is vertically placed and is sealed at the upper end and the lower end, a long cylindrical tubular heat exchanger with openings at the upper end and the lower end is arranged in the long cylindrical furnace body (101), a fuel gas layer is formed between the side wall of the long cylindrical furnace body (101) and the side wall of the long cylindrical tubular heat exchanger at intervals, the side wall of the long cylindrical tubular heat exchanger is composed of an annular upper water tank (102), an annular lower water tank (103) and a plurality of first heat exchange tubes (104), the annular upper water tank (102) and the annular lower water tank (103) are horizontally arranged, the first heat exchange tubes (104) are vertically arranged, the upper end and the lower end of each first heat exchange tube (104) are respectively communicated with the annular upper water tank (102) and the annular lower water tank (103), and the plurality of first heat exchange tubes (104) are uniformly arranged between the annular upper water tank (102) and the annular lower water tank (103) at intervals, a lining plate (105) is connected between the adjacent first heat exchange tubes (104), a plurality of air holes are formed in the lining plate (105), a tubular bushing (106) with an upper end opening and a lower end being closed is arranged at the lower part in the long tubular heat exchanger tube, the side wall of the tubular bushing (106) is tightly attached to the inner sides of the first heat exchange tubes (104), a feed opening for adding organic solid waste materials into the long tubular heat exchanger tube is formed in the top wall of the long tubular furnace body (101), a sealing cover body (107) capable of being opened and closed is arranged at the feed opening, a gas pipe (108) communicated with the gas layer is arranged on the long tubular furnace body (101), an ash outlet pipeline (109) is arranged on the side wall of the long tubular furnace body (101), the side wall of the long tubular heat exchanger tube and the side wall of the tubular bushing (106) are penetrated by the ash outlet pipeline (109), the long tube-shape furnace body (101) lower part is provided with intake pipe (110), the one end and forced draught blower (111) intercommunication of intake pipe (110), the other end of intake pipe (110) runs through long tube-shape furnace body (101) with the diapire of tube-shape bush (106) and to admit air in tube-shape bush (106), water tank (103) and inlet tube (112) intercommunication under the annular, water tank (102) and outlet pipe (113) intercommunication on the annular.
2. The organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the annular upper water tank (102) is spaced from the top wall of the long cylindrical furnace body (101), the annular lower water tank (103) is spaced from the bottom wall of the long cylindrical furnace body (101), and a tar pipe (114) for discharging tar deposited on the bottom wall is arranged on the bottom wall of the long cylindrical furnace body (101).
3. The organic solid waste pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, wherein an annular material guide plate (115) extending to an upper end opening of the long cylindrical tubular heat exchanger and a water seal tank (116) for placing the sealing cover body (107) to prevent gas leakage are arranged at the feed inlet.
4. The organic solid waste pyrolysis and gasification furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a pressure release valve (117) communicated with the fuel gas layer is arranged on the top wall of the long cylindrical furnace body (101), and a support leg (118) is arranged at the bottom of the long cylindrical furnace body (101).
5. A steam generation system, characterized by comprising the organic solid waste pyrolysis and gasification furnace (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a gas purifier (2), a first exhaust fan (3) and a steam boiler (4), the gas pipe (108) of the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace (1) is communicated with the crude gas inlet pipe (202) of the gas purifier (2), a purified gas outlet pipe (207) of the gas purifier (2) is communicated with an air inlet of the first exhaust fan (3), the air outlet of the first exhaust fan (3) is communicated with a gas stove (402) of the steam boiler (4) through a pipeline, a water outlet pipe (113) of the organic solid waste pyrolysis gasification furnace (1) is communicated with a water inlet (406) of the steam boiler (4), the steam boiler (4) is also provided with a hot water outlet (407) and a steam outlet (408).
6. A steam generating system according to claim 5, wherein the gas purifier (2) comprises a vertically disposed long cylinder (201) with both closed upper and lower ends, the long cylinder (201) is filled with alkaline scrubbing liquid, one side of the top of the long cylinder (201) is provided with the raw gas inlet pipe (202), the raw gas inlet pipe (202) comprises a section of vertical pipe, the vertical pipe is horizontally provided with a pipe plate (203), the pipe plate (203) is fixedly connected with a plurality of gas nozzles (204) at regular intervals, the gas nozzles (204) are vertically disposed with the lower ends thereof extending into the alkaline scrubbing liquid, the other side of the top of the long cylinder (201) is provided with a purified gas outlet, the purified gas outlet is communicated with one end of the purified gas outlet pipeline (205), the other end of the purified gas outlet pipeline (205) is communicated with the air inlet of the second exhaust fan (206), the air outlet intercommunication of second air exhauster (206) has purified gas exit tube (207), it has branch pipe (208) that are used for leading-in air so that air and purified gas mix to purify gas to lead to the intercommunication on pipeline (205) to purify gas, be provided with valve (209) of adjustable aperture on branch pipe (208), be provided with on long barrel (201) be used for to inlet (210) of alkaline gas washing liquid are injected into in long barrel (201), the bottom of long barrel (201) is provided with drain (211).
7. A steam generation system according to claim 6, characterized in that the raw gas inlet pipe (202) is a three-way pipe, the raw gas inlet pipe (202) is composed of the vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe communicated with the middle part of the vertical pipe, the pipe plate (203) and the gas jet pipe (204) are positioned below the joint of the vertical pipe and the horizontal pipe, the top end of the vertical pipe is provided with a flange cover (212), and the horizontal pipe is communicated with the gas pipe (108).
8. A steam generation system according to claim 5, characterized in that the steam boiler (4) comprises a boiler barrel (401) and the gas stove (402), the boiler barrel (401) is arranged vertically, the gas stove (402) is arranged below the boiler barrel (401), the gas stove (402) is communicated with the lower end of the boiler barrel (401) through a flame collecting pipe (403), an upper tube plate (404) and a lower tube plate (405) are horizontally arranged in the boiler barrel (401) at intervals, the enclosed space enclosed among the upper tube plate (404), the lower tube plate (405) and the side wall of the boiler barrel (401) is a water tank, the side wall of the boiler barrel (401) is provided with the water inlet (406) and the hot water outlet (407) which are communicated with the water tank, the side wall of the boiler barrel (401) is provided with the steam outlet (408) which is communicated with the top of the water tank, go up corresponding on tube sheet (404) and lower tube sheet (405) and seted up a plurality of through-holes, go up vertically between tube sheet (404) and the lower tube sheet (405) be provided with a plurality of second heat exchange tubes (409), the both ends of second heat exchange tube (409) respectively with go up on tube sheet (404) and lower tube sheet (405) the through-hole intercommunication, second heat exchange tube (409) with the through-hole one-to-one, the top of boiler barrel (401) is provided with tub (410) of discharging fume, the flue gas that produces after the gas combustion in gas-cooker (402) by second heat exchange tube (409) upwards flow and finally discharge by tub (410) of discharging fume.
9. A steam generation system according to claim 8, characterized in that the boiler drum (401) is provided with a heat insulating lining (411) on the lower inner wall.
10. A steam generating system according to claim 8, wherein the water inlet (406) communicates with a lower part of the water tank and the hot water outlet (407) communicates with an upper part of the water tank.
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| CN107345659B (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2023-08-18 | 江苏金麦穗生态农业科技有限公司 | Rice hull burning heat exchange device |
| CN107339800A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-10 | 江苏金麦穗生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of combusting rice hull heat exchanger |
| CN110006057A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-12 | 湖南大学 | Refuse gasification composite stove integrated equipment and refuse gasification processing method |
| CN110283628A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-27 | 北京石油化工工程研究院 | A kind of cracking gasification reactor |
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