CN111763137A - 一种由co2与h2制备乙醇的方法 - Google Patents

一种由co2与h2制备乙醇的方法 Download PDF

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CN111763137A
CN111763137A CN202010666687.8A CN202010666687A CN111763137A CN 111763137 A CN111763137 A CN 111763137A CN 202010666687 A CN202010666687 A CN 202010666687A CN 111763137 A CN111763137 A CN 111763137A
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高新华
张建利
马清祥
范素兵
卢鹏飞
赵太奇
赵天生
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Ningxia University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,总反应式为:
Figure DDA0002580614290000011
Figure DDA0002580614290000012
该反应由一种多功能催化剂分步催化完成,该多功能催化剂由五部分组成:第一部分是CO2加氢制CO的Pd基催化剂;第二部分是CO加氢制甲醇Cu基催化剂;第三部分是甲醇脱水制二甲醚γ‑Al2O3催化剂;第四部分是二甲醚羰基化制乙酸甲酯H‑MOR或H‑FER催化剂;第五部分是乙酸甲酯加氢制乙醇Cu基催化剂,以上五部分催化剂,在催化反应器中由上至下分5层装填,5种催化剂装填质量比为0.5~1:0.5~1:0.5~1:0.5~1:0.5~1。反应条件优选H2/CO2=3~6体积比,空速500~3000,反应温度200~280℃,反应压力1.5~3MPa。CO2转化率大于12%,乙醇选择性大于30%,甲醇选择性大于35%。

Description

一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法
技术领域
本发明属于化工生产领域,涉及化工催化技术,尤其是一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法。
背景技术
工业上主要采用淀粉发酵法或乙烯直接水化法制取乙醇。发酵以含淀粉的农产品为原料,如谷类、薯类或野生植物果实等。这些物质经一定的预处理后,经水解、发酵,即可制得粗乙醇,经精馏提纯可得工业乙醇。发酵法生产乙醇成本较高,乙醇生产难以规模化,另外,该方法以粮食为原料,容易影响粮食安全性。
另一种现有技术中常用的乙烯水化法以乙烯为原料,在加热、加压和有催化剂存在的条件下,与水直接反应,生产乙醇。该方法乙烯可来自石油或煤炭等资源,而由于石化资源的日益匮乏,该方法的可持续性发展受到考验。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处,提供一种以CO2与H2为原料,在一定温度、压力和催化剂的作用下,一步制得乙醇的新型制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题是采取以下技术方案实现的:
一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,总反应式为:
Figure BDA0002580614270000011
该反应由一种多功能催化剂分步催化反应完成,该多功能催化剂由五部分组成:第一部分是CO2加氢制CO的Pd基催化剂;第二部分是CO加氢制甲醇Cu基催化剂;第三部分是甲醇脱水制二甲醚γ-Al2O3催化剂;第四部分是二甲醚羰基化制乙酸甲酯H-MOR或H-FER催化剂;第五部分是乙酸甲酯加氢制乙醇Cu基催化剂,以上五部分催化剂,在催化反应器中由上至下分5层装填,5种催化剂装填质量比为0.5~1:0.5~1:0.5~1:0.5~1:0.5~1。
而且,所述的CO2加氢制CO的Pd基催化剂为负载于Al2O3氧化物上的Pd催化剂,该催化剂以Al2O3为载体,Pd为活性组分,Pd负载量为0.1-5wt.%,该催化剂以商业γ-Al2O3为载体,以Pd(NH3)4(NO3)2为前驱体,采用浸渍法制得。
而且,所述的浸渍法,方法步骤如下:
(1)溶解定量Pd(NH3)4(NO3)2于去离子水中,形成总浓度为0.1-2M的前驱体溶液;
(2)按Pd负载量为0.1-5wt.%计算,将上述前驱体溶液滴加入定量γ-Al2O3载体上,随后60-120℃干燥6-24h,250-550℃焙烧1-6h,得到Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂。
而且,所述的CO加氢制甲醇Cu基催化剂为CO加氢制甲醇Cu-Zn-Al2O3催化剂,催化剂各组成分质量含量:CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%~75%:15%~50%:50%,该催化剂采用共沉淀法制得。
而且,CO加氢制甲醇Cu基催化剂制备方法包括:将硝酸铜、硝酸锌、硝酸铝混合溶液加入尿素水溶液中,不断搅拌,然后将混合物加热至90℃并在此温度下保持2h,直到混合物完全沉淀,将所得浆液在室温下老化过夜,然后过滤并用去离子水洗涤,所得滤饼在120℃干燥,350℃焙烧2h。
而且,所述的甲醇脱水制二甲醚γ-Al2O3催化剂为商业γ-Al2O3催化剂,催化表面积为200~500m2/g。
而且,所述的二甲醚羰基化制乙酸甲酯H-MOR催化剂是具有八元环结构的商业H-MOR或H-FER分子筛,硅铝比SiO2/Al2O3在10~50之间。
而且,所述的乙酸甲酯加氢制乙醇Cu基催化剂为Cu-Zn-Al2O3催化剂,制备方法与第二部分CO加氢制甲醇催化剂相同。
而且,催化反应条件为:气体组成:H2/CO2=2~8体积比,空速500~5000,反应温度180~300℃,反应压力0.5~5MPa。
而且,催化反应条件为:优选H2/CO2=3~6体积比,空速500~3000,反应温度200~280℃,反应压力1.5~3MPa,CO2转化率大于12%,乙醇选择性大于30%,甲醇选择性大于35%。
本发明的优点和积极效果是:
本方法耦合了CO2加氢制CO、CO加氢制甲醇、甲醇脱水制二甲醚、二甲醚羰基化制乙酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯加氢制乙醇5个反应,总反应式为:
Figure BDA0002580614270000021
该方法的实现主要涉及一种多功能催化剂,该多功能催化剂可以同时催化以上5个反应。
该催化剂由五部分组成:第一部分CO2加氢制CO催化剂主要为Pt或Pd基催化剂;第二部分为CO加氢制甲醇Cu基催化剂,第三部分甲醇脱水制二甲醚氧化铝或HZSM-5分子筛催化剂;第四部分二甲醚羰基化制乙酸甲酯催化剂为H-MOR或H-FER分子筛;第五部分乙酸甲酯加氢制乙醇催化剂为Cu基催化剂。以上5部分催化剂,由上至下分5层装填。反应条件为:气体组成:H2/CO2=2~8体积比,反应温度180~300℃,反应压力0.5~5MPa。
本反应以CO2为原料,可以一步制得乙醇,并副产甲醇。通过将5个不同的反应耦合,可以将温室气体CO2转化为有价值的乙醇,并副产甲醇。是一条绿色环保的乙醇生产新路径。反应条件为优选H2/CO2=3~6体积比,反应温度200~280℃,反应压力1.5~3MPa。CO2转化率大于12%,乙醇选择性大于36%,甲醇选择性大于40%。
附图说明
图1为本发明的反应催化剂结构层示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述,以下实施例只是描述性的,不是限定性的,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,总反应式为:
Figure BDA0002580614270000031
该反应由一种多功能催化剂分步催化反应完成,如图1,该多功能催化剂由五部分组成:(1)是CO2加氢制CO的Pd基催化剂;(2)是CO加氢制甲醇Cu基催化剂;(3)是甲醇脱水制二甲醚γ-Al2O3催化剂;(4)是二甲醚羰基化制乙酸甲酯H-MOR或H-FER催化剂;(5)是乙酸甲酯加氢制乙醇Cu基催化剂,以上五部分催化剂,在催化反应器中由上至下分5层装填,5种催化剂装填质量比为0.5~1:0.5~1:0.5~1:0.5~1:0.5~1。
而且,所述的CO2加氢制CO的Pd基催化剂为负载于Al2O3氧化物上的Pd催化剂,该催化剂以Al2O3为载体,Pd为活性组分,Pd负载量为0.1-5wt.%,该催化剂以商业γ-Al2O3为载体,以Pd(NH3)4(NO3)2为前驱体,采用浸渍法制得。
而且,所述的浸渍法,方法步骤如下:
(1)溶解定量Pd(NH3)4(NO3)2于去离子水中,形成总浓度为0.1-2M的前驱体溶液;
(2)按Pd负载量为0.1-5wt.%计算,将上述前驱体溶液滴加入定量γ-Al2O3载体上,随后60-120℃干燥6-24h,250-550℃焙烧1-6h,得到Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂。
而且,所述的CO加氢制甲醇Cu基催化剂为CO加氢制甲醇Cu-Zn-Al2O3催化剂,催化剂各组成分质量含量:CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%~75%:15%~50%:50%,该催化剂采用共沉淀法制得。
而且,CO加氢制甲醇Cu基催化剂制备方法包括:将硝酸铜、硝酸锌、硝酸铝混合溶液加入尿素水溶液中,不断搅拌,然后将混合物加热至90℃并在此温度下保持2h,直到混合物完全沉淀,将所得浆液在室温下老化过夜,然后过滤并用去离子水洗涤,所得滤饼在120℃干燥,350℃焙烧2h。
而且,所述的甲醇脱水制二甲醚γ-Al2O3催化剂为商业γ-Al2O3催化剂,催化表面积为200~500m2/g。
而且,所述的二甲醚羰基化制乙酸甲酯催化剂是具有八元环结构的商业H-MOR或H-FER分子筛,硅铝比SiO2/Al2O3在10~50之间。
而且,所述的乙酸甲酯加氢制乙醇Cu基催化剂为Cu-Zn-Al2O3催化剂,制备方法与第二部分CO加氢制甲醇催化剂相同。
而且,催化反应条件为:气体组成:H2/CO2=2~8体积比,空速500~5000,反应温度180~300℃,反应压力0.5~5MPa。
而且,催化反应条件为:优选H2/CO2=3~6体积比,空速500~3000,反应温度200~280℃,反应压力1.5~3MPa,CO2转化率大于12%,乙醇选择性大于30%,甲醇选择性大于35%。
实施例1
分别称量0.1g 0.5wt.%Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂、0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂、0.1gγ-Al2O3(比表面积为300)催化剂,0.1g H-MOR(SiO2/Al2O3=12),0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂按顺序由上至下依次装入固定床反应器。反应条件为:H2/CO2=3,反应温度250℃,反应压力3MPa,空速500。实验结果见表1,实施例1。
实施例2
分别称量0.1g 2wt.%Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂、0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂、0.1gγ-Al2O3(比表面积为300)催化剂,0.1g H-FER(SiO2/Al2O3=12),0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂按顺序由上至下依次装入固定床反应器。反应条件为:H2/CO2=3,反应温度250℃,反应压力3MPa,空速1500。实验结果见表1,实施例2。
实施例3
分别称量0.1g 0.5wt.%Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂、0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=35%:15%:50%)催化剂、0.1gγ-Al2O3(比表面积为300)催化剂,0.1g H-MOR(SiO2/Al2O3=20),0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=35%:15%:50%)催化剂按顺序由上至下依次装入固定床反应器。反应条件为:H2/CO2=3,反应温度250℃,反应压力3MPa,空速2000。实验结果见表1,实施例3。
实施例4
分别称量0.2g 1wt.%Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂、0.2g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂、0.1gγ-Al2O3(比表面积为400)催化剂,0.1g H-FER(SiO2/Al2O3=20),0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂按顺序由上至下依次装入固定床反应器。反应条件为:H2/CO2=3,反应温度250℃,反应压力3MPa,空速2500。实验结果见表1,实施例4。
实施例5
分别称量0.1g 1wt.%Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂、0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂、0.1gγ-Al2O3(比表面积为500)催化剂,0.1g H-FER(SiO2/Al2O3=30),0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂按顺序由上至下依次装入固定床反应器。反应条件为:H2/CO2=5,反应温度250℃,反应压力3MPa,空速1000。实验结果见表1,实施例5。
实施例6
分别称量0.1g 1wt.%Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂、0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂、0.1gγ-Al2O3(比表面积为500)催化剂,0.1g H-FER(SiO2/Al2O3=40),0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂按顺序由上至下依次装入固定床反应器。反应条件为:H2/CO2=6,反应温度280℃,反应压力3MPa,空速500。实验结果见表1,实施例6。
实施例7
分别称量0.1g 1wt.%Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂、0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂、0.1gγ-Al2O3(比表面积为500)催化剂,0.2g H-FER(SiO2/Al2O3=12),0.2g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂按顺序由上至下依次装入固定床反应器。反应条件为:H2/CO2=5,反应温度220℃,反应压力2MPa,空速500。实验结果见表1,实施例7。
对比例1
分别称量0.1g 0.5wt.%Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂、0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂、0.1gγ-Al2O3(比表面积为300)催化剂,0.1g H-MOR(SiO2/Al2O3=12),0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂,按顺序由上至下依次装入固定床反应器。反应条件为:H2/CO2=2,反应温度160℃,反应压力3MPa,空速500。实验结果见表1,对比例1。
对比例2
分别称量0.1g 0.5wt.%Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂、0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂、0.1gγ-Al2O3(比表面积为300)催化剂,0.1g H-MOR(SiO2/Al2O3=12),0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂,机械混合装入固定床反应器。反应条件为:H2/CO2=3,反应温度250℃,反应压力3MPa,空速5000。实验结果见表1,对比例2。
对比例3
分别称量0.1g 0.5wt.%Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂、0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂、0.1gγ-Al2O3(比表面积为300)催化剂,0.1g H-MOR(SiO2/Al2O3=12),0.1g Cu-Zn-Al2O3(CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%:30%:50%)催化剂,按顺序由上至下依次装入固定床反应器。反应条件为:H2/CO2=2,反应温度250℃,反应压力0.5MPa,空速8000。实验结果见表1,对比例3。
表1催化剂反应活性和产物选择性
Figure BDA0002580614270000051
Figure BDA0002580614270000061
尽管为说明目的公开了本发明的实施例,但是本领域的技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本发明及所附权利要求的精神和范围内,各种替换、变化和修改都是可能的,因此,本发明的范围不局限于实施例所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

1.一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,其特征在于:总反应式为:
Figure FDA0002580614260000011
Figure FDA0002580614260000012
该反应由一种多功能催化剂分步催化完成,该多功能催化剂由五部分组成:第一部分是CO2加氢制CO的Pd基催化剂;第二部分是CO加氢制甲醇Cu基催化剂;第三部分是甲醇脱水制二甲醚γ-Al2O3催化剂;第四部分是二甲醚羰基化制乙酸甲酯H-MOR或H-FER催化剂;第五部分是乙酸甲酯加氢制乙醇Cu基催化剂,以上五部分催化剂,在催化反应器中由上至下分5层装填,5种催化剂装填质量比为0.5~1:0.5~1:0.5~1:0.5~1:0.5~1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,其特征在于:所述的CO2加氢制CO的Pd基催化剂为负载于Al2O3氧化物上的Pd催化剂,该催化剂以Al2O3为载体,Pd为活性组分,Pd负载量为0.1-5wt.%,该催化剂以商业γ-Al2O3为载体,以Pd(NH3)4(NO3)2为前驱体,采用浸渍法制得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,其特征在于:所述的浸渍法,方法步骤如下:
(1)溶解定量Pd(NH3)4(NO3)2于去离子水中,形成总浓度为0.1-2M的前驱体溶液;
(2)按Pd负载量为0.1-5wt.%计算,将上述前驱体溶液滴加入定量γ-Al2O3载体上,随后60-120℃干燥6-24h,250-550℃焙烧1-6h,得到Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,其特征在于:所述的CO加氢制甲醇Cu基催化剂为CO加氢制甲醇Cu-Zn-Al2O3催化剂,催化剂各组成分质量含量:CuO:ZnO:Al2O3=20%~75%:15%~50%:50%,该催化剂采用共沉淀法制得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,其特征在于:CO加氢制甲醇Cu基催化剂制备方法包括:将硝酸铜、硝酸锌、硝酸铝混合溶液加入尿素水溶液中,不断搅拌,然后将混合物加热至90℃并在此温度下保持2h,直到混合物完全沉淀,将所得浆液在室温下老化过夜,然后过滤并用去离子水洗涤,所得滤饼在120℃干燥,350℃焙烧2h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,其特征在于:所述的甲醇脱水制二甲醚γ-Al2O3催化剂为商业γ-Al2O3催化剂,催化表面积为200~500m2/g。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,其特征在于:所述的二甲醚羰基化制乙酸甲酯催化剂是具有八元环结构的商业H-MOR或H-FER分子筛,硅铝比SiO2/Al2O3在10~50之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,其特征在于:所述的乙酸甲酯加氢制乙醇Cu基催化剂为Cu-Zn-Al2O3催化剂,制备方法与第二部分CO加氢制甲醇催化剂相同。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,其特征在于:催化反应条件为:气体组成:H2/CO2=2~8体积比,空速500~5000,反应温度180~300℃,反应压力0.5~5MPa。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种由CO2与H2制备乙醇的方法,其特征在于:催化反应条件为:优选H2/CO2=3~6体积比,空速500~3000,反应温度200~280℃,反应压力1.5~3MPa,CO2转化率大于12%,乙醇选择性大于30%,甲醇选择性大于35%。
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