CN111760580A - 用于碳酸二甲酯合成的催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
用于碳酸二甲酯合成的催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- BLLFVUPNHCTMSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nitrite Chemical compound CON=O BLLFVUPNHCTMSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 nitrous acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 17
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910007857 Li-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910008447 Li—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004664 Cerium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002666 PdCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium aluminate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Al]=O YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002528 Cu-Pd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052685 Curium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl chloroformate Chemical compound COC(Cl)=O XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/128—Halogens; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/13—Platinum group metals
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于碳酸二甲酯合成的催化剂及其制备方法和应用,属于催化剂的技术领域。该催化剂以氧化铝为载体,以Pd为活性组分,Cu、Ce和Li作为助剂。该催化剂用于一氧化碳与亚硝酸甲酯在低温低压下合成碳酸二甲酯的反应中,具有高活性及高选择性,且稳定性很好,在空速2000~4000h‑1,反应温度90~150℃反应条件下,以CO计碳酸二甲酯的选择性达到98%,以MN计碳酸二甲酯的选择性达到95%,碳酸二甲酯的时空产率达到800g/L.Cat/h。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂的技术领域,用于CO与亚硝酸甲酯合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂,具体涉及一种用于碳酸二甲酯合成的催化剂、一种用于碳酸二甲酯合成的催化剂制备方法以及利用该催化剂的一种应用催化剂合成碳酸二甲酯的方法。
背景技术
碳酸二甲酯(英文名称Dimethyl Carbonate,简称DMC),常温常压下为一种无色透明液体,难溶于水,可与有机溶剂醇、酯等以任意比例混溶。碳酸二甲酯是一种重要的有机化工原料,在农药、医药、塑料、染料、涂料和新材料等领域具有广阔的应用前景,被誉为21世纪有机合成的一个“新基石”。DMC低毒、具有优良的溶解性能,可作为绿色溶剂替代氟利昂、三氯甲烷、苯和二甲苯等;DMC结构中含有羰基,可作为羰基化剂替代剧毒和高腐蚀性副产物的光气,合成碳酸衍生物,如聚碳酸酯(PC)等。碳酸二甲酯含氧量高(53%)、辛烷值高、蒸汽压低,可作为汽油或柴油的添加剂。
目前合成碳酸二甲酯的方法有:光气法、酯交换法、甲醇氧化羰基化法、尿素醇解法、CO2和甲醇直接合成法等,其中工业生产上主要以光气法和酯交换法为主。光气法是一种传统的合成方法,使用剧毒的光气作为原料,安全性差且污染环境,生成的副产物HCl对设备腐蚀性大。酯交换法以碳酸乙烯酯或碳酸丙烯酯和甲醇进行酯交换反应,生成碳酸二甲酯,原料供应依赖石油,生成成本较高。
CO与亚硝酸甲酯低温低压下合成碳酸二甲酯,最早由日本UBE公司提出并实现工业化。该方法反应条件温和,部分反应产物可在反应中循环使用,反应在气相中进行,反应中无水生成,避免了液相法中水对催化剂的危害。随着DMC的需求量增加,国内对CO与亚硝酸甲酯合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂和工艺的研究逐渐增多。
CO与亚硝酸甲酯气相羰基合成碳酸二甲酯工艺的催化剂,主要是以活性炭、氧化铝以及锂铝尖晶石等为载体制备的Cu-Pd双金属Wacker型含氯催化剂。含氯催化剂活性好和选择性高,但都存在稳定性差和寿命短,以及设备腐蚀等问题,催化剂活性下降的根本原因是催化剂上氯离子流失。为了提高催化剂的稳定性,最常见的措施是在原料气中添加一定量的含氯化合物,如HCl或氯甲酸甲酯等。如美国专利US5426209公开了一种催化剂,以活性炭为载体,主活性组分为氯化钯,助剂为氯化铜,DMC时空产率最优为725g/(L*h),只能稳定8h。美国专利5688984公开了一种用于碳酸二甲酯合成催化剂的载体,具有尖晶石结构的铝酸锂,采用该载体制作的催化剂,具有较高的活性和选择性,以CO和亚硝酸甲酯计选择性达到95%以上,通过添加不同助剂,催化剂性能均能得到不同程度的提高,但催化剂的寿命仍然较短。从文献报道的数据获知,即使在反应过程中不断补充HCl,催化剂的活性在100小时反应期间内下降20%~30%。催化剂活性低,使用寿命短,大大限制了催化剂的工业应用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于CO与亚硝酸甲酯低温低压下合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂,在补充氯离子的条件下,该催化剂可以长时间的保持高活性。
本发明的技术方案是提供一种用于碳酸二甲酯合成的催化剂,以氧化铝载体的重量计,所述的催化剂的组分和含量包括:0.1~2.5wt%的活性组分Pd,0.01~2.0wt%的助剂Cu,0.01~1.5wt%的助剂Ce和0.1~5wt%的助剂Li。
上述的用于CO与亚硝酸甲酯合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂的优选方案之一为,所述的Pd含量为0.2~1.5wt%。
上述的用于CO与亚硝酸甲酯合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂的优选方案之二为,所述的Cu含量为0.1~1.3wt%。
上述的用于CO与亚硝酸甲酯合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂的优选方案之三为,所述的Ce含量为0.1~1.2wt%。
上述的用于CO与亚硝酸甲酯合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂的优选方案之四为,所述的Li含量为0.3~3.5wt%。
上述的用于CO与亚硝酸甲酯合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂的优选方案之五为,所述的氧化铝比表面积为100~600m2/g,孔容为0.1~1.5cm3/g,平均孔径为2~30nm。
本发明的技术方案是提供一种用于CO与亚硝酸甲酯合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂的制备方法,依次包括如下步骤:
(a)、所述γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体经浓度为0.01~1wt%的LiCl或硝酸锂溶液处理6~24小时,再在700~1000℃焙烧2~5小时;
(b)、用Pd盐、Cu盐、Ce盐和Li盐按计量配制成浸渍液,调浸渍液的pH值为0.1~6,;
(c)、将(a)获得的载体放入(b)步骤的浸渍液中浸泡1~12hr;
(d)、将步骤(c)得到的固体在50~200℃进行干燥;
(e)、将步骤(d)得到的固体在200~500℃焙烧处理;
(f)、将步骤(e)得到的固体,在温度200~400℃下,采用浓度1.0~5.0v%的HCl气体卤化处理3~10小时,得到成品催化剂;
上述的用于CO与亚硝酸甲酯合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂的制备方法的优选方案之一为,所述钯盐、铜盐和锂盐选自硝酸盐、卤化物、草酸盐或醋酸盐中的一种或一种以上,优选硝酸盐或氯化物。
上述的用于CO与亚硝酸甲酯合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂的制备方法优选方案之二为,钯盐、铜盐和铈盐的混合溶液PH值调至0.1~6;
上述有的用于CO与亚硝酸甲酯合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂的制备方案优选方案之三为,进行卤化处理的HCl气体浓度为1.0~5.0v%。
本发明的技术方案是提供利用该催化剂的一种应用催化剂合成碳酸二甲酯的方法,包括如下步骤,即用氮气和二氧化碳作为稀释剂,原料气和亚硝酸甲酯与上述的催化剂接触,接触时间0.1~6秒,反应温度为90~150℃,反应压力为常压~1.0MPaG,气时空速2000~5000h-1,原料气中CO的体积含量为5%~30%,CH3ONO的体积含量为5%~20%,HCl气体浓度为50~500ppm。其中HCl气体作为催化剂氯流失的补充剂。
有益效果
本发明方法制备的Pd-Cu-Ce/锂铝催化剂,在常压~0.8MPaG、90~150℃,GHSV2000~4000h-1反应条件下,经过1000小时连续运转,催化剂性能没有下降趋势,碳酸二甲酯的平均时空产率高达650g/L.cat.h,DMC选择性达到95%。
具体实施方式
以下用实例进一步阐明本发明,但本发明不限于实例。
以γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体的重量计,本催化剂的组分和含量包括:0.1~2.5wt%的活性组分Pd,0.01~2.0wt%的助剂Cu、0.01~1.5wt%的Ce和0.1~5wt%的助剂Li;γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体经浓度为0.01~1wt%的锂盐溶液处理6~24小时,再在700~1000℃焙烧2~5小时;锂盐溶液为氯化锂、溴化锂、硝酸锂、醋酸锂等盐的水溶液,优选氯化锂;γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体比表面积为100~600m2/g,孔容为0.1~1.5cm3/g,平均孔径为2~30nm。
一种用于碳酸二甲酯合成的催化剂的制备方法,依次包括如下步骤:
(a)、γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体经浓度为0.01~1wt%的LiCl或硝酸锂溶液处理6~24小时,再在700~1000℃焙烧2~5小时;
(b)、用Pd盐、Cu盐、Ce盐和Li盐按计量配制成浸渍液,调浸渍液的pH值为0.1~6,;
(c)、将(a)获得的载体放入(b)步骤的浸渍液中浸泡1~12hr;
(d)、将步骤(c)得到的固体在50~200℃进行干燥;
(e)、将步骤(d)得到的固体在200~500℃焙烧处理;
(f)、将步骤(e)得到的固体,在温度200~400℃下,采用浓度1.0~5.0v%的HCl气体卤化处理3~10小时,得到成品催化剂。
一种用于碳酸二甲酯合成的催化剂的制备方法,Pd盐、Cu盐、Ce盐和Li盐选自硝酸盐、卤化物、草酸盐或醋酸盐中的一种或一种以上。
利用该催化剂的一种应用催化剂合成碳酸二甲酯的方法,包括如下步骤:即用原料气一氧化碳和亚硝酸酯接触反应,采用氮气或二氧化碳作为稀释剂;原料气与权利要求1所述的催化剂接触,接触时间为0.1~6秒,反应温度为90~150℃,反应压力为常压~1.0MPaG,气时空速2000~5000h-1,原料气中CO的体积含量为5%~30%,CH3ONO的体积含量为5%~20%,HCl的气体体积含量为50~500ppm
实施例一
称取40克γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体,按0.5wt%Pd+0.8wt%Cu+0.65wt%Ce/γ-Al2O3含量制备催化剂,其步骤如下:选用硝酸钯、硝酸铜和硝酸铈,根据Pd、Cu和铈的负载量配制浸渍液,为了防止金属离子水解生成氢氧化物或氧化物沉淀,在浸渍液中加入少量硝酸,使浸渍液的PH=0.5,将比表面积为275m2/g的γ-Al2O3载体放入配制好的浸渍液中浸泡8hr,然后取出140℃下烘干4hr,再300℃焙烧3hr,所得固体在HCl浓度1.5v%的气氛下,300℃的处理6hr,便制成0.5wt%Pd+0.8wt%Cu+0.65wt%Ce/γ-Al2O3催化剂A。
实施例二
称取40克γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体,1.0wt%Pd+0.8wt%Cu+0.7wt%Ce/Li-Al尖晶石含量制备催化剂,其步骤如下:选用氯化锂盐,根据Li的负载量为1wt%配制氯化锂浸渍液,将比表面积为165m2/g的γ-Al2O3载体放入配制好的浸渍液中浸泡7hr,然后取出在900℃焙烧5hr,得到Li-Al尖晶石载体。按Pd-1.0wt%、Cu-0.8wt%和Ce-0.7wt%的负载量配制PdCl2、CuCl2和CeCl3的混合溶液,调节PH值为5.3,将Li-Al尖晶石载体加入到混合浸渍液中浸泡12hr,所得固体在110℃下干燥16hr,再400℃焙烧3hr,然后再将所得固体在HCl浓度3.5v%的气氛下,250℃的处理8hr,便制成1.0wt%Pd+0.8wt%Cu+0.7wt%Ce/Li-Al尖晶石催化剂B。
实施例三
称取40克γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体,1.2wt%Pd+1.5wt%Cu+0.4wt%Ce/Li-Al尖晶石含量制备催化剂,其步骤如下:选用硝酸锂盐,根据Li的负载量为1.2wt%配制硝酸锂浸渍液,将比表面积为310m2/g的γ-Al2O3载体放入配制好的浸渍液中浸泡6hr,然后取出在1000℃焙烧4hr,得到Li-Al尖晶石载体。按Pd-1.2wt%、Cu-1.5wt%和Ce-0.4wt%的负载量配制Pd(NO3)2、Cu(NO3)2和Ce(NO3)3的混合溶液,调节PH值为3.3,将Li-Al尖晶石载体加入到混合浸渍液中浸泡5hr,所得固体在150℃下干燥10hr,再200℃焙烧5hr,然后再将所得固体在HCl浓度1.0v%的气氛下,350℃的处理10hr,便制成1.2wt%Pd+1.5wt%Cu+0.4wt%Ce/Li-Al尖晶石催化剂C。
实施例四
称取40克γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体,2.5wt%Pd+2.0wt%Cu+1.2wt%Ce/Li-Al尖晶石含量制备催化剂,其步骤如下:选用硝酸锂盐,根据Li的负载量为5.0wt%配制硝酸锂浸渍液,将比表面积为569m2/g的γ-Al2O3载体放入配制好的浸渍液中浸泡24hr,然后取出在700℃焙烧6hr,得到Li-Al尖晶石载体。按Pd-2.5wt%、Cu-2.0wt%和Ce-1.2wt%的负载量配制PdCl2、CuCl2和CeCl3混合溶液,调节PH值为1.3,将Li-Al尖晶石载体加入到混合浸渍液中浸泡12hr,所得固体在150℃下干燥10hr,再200℃焙烧5hr,然后再将所得固体在HCl浓度5.0v%的气氛下,400℃的处理10hr,便制成2.5wt%Pd+2.0wt%Cu+1.2wt%Ce/Li-Al尖晶石催化剂D。
实施例五
催化剂性能的测试采用固定床反应器进行,反应器为内径20mm,反应器内装热电偶套管,催化剂装填量为5.0ml,原料气自上而下通过催化剂床层,产物碳酸二甲酯由反应器底部排出。反应温度为90~150℃,反应气CO和CH3ONO的体积流量比为0.5~2,HCl含量50~500ppm,空速GHSV2000~4000h-1,反应压力为常压~1.0MpaG。反应结果如表1。
表1:实施例5的实验结果表
Claims (4)
1.一种用于碳酸二甲酯合成的催化剂,其特征在于:以γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体的重量计,本催化剂的组分和含量包括:0.1~2.5wt%的活性组分Pd,0.01~2.0wt%的助剂Cu、0.01~1.5wt%的Ce和0.1~5wt%的助剂Li;
所述γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体经浓度为0.01~1wt%的锂盐溶液处理6~24小时,再在700~1000℃焙烧2~5小时;
所述锂盐溶液为氯化锂、溴化锂、硝酸锂、醋酸锂等盐的水溶液,优选氯化锂;
所述γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体比表面积为100~600m2/g,孔容为0.1~1.5cm3/g,平均孔径为2~30nm。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于碳酸二甲酯合成的催化剂的制备方法,依次包括如下步骤:
(a)、所述γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体经浓度为0.01~1wt%的LiCl或硝酸锂溶液处理6~24小时,再在700~1000℃焙烧2~5小时;
(b)、用Pd盐、Cu盐、Ce盐和Li盐按计量配制成浸渍液,调浸渍液的pH值为0.1~6,;
(c)、将(a)获得的载体放入(b)步骤的浸渍液中浸泡1~12hr;
(d)、将步骤(c)得到的固体在50~200℃进行干燥;
(e)、将步骤(d)得到的固体在200~500℃焙烧处理;
(f)、将步骤(e)得到的固体,在温度200~400℃下,采用浓度1.0~5.0v%的HCl气体卤化处理3~10小时,得到成品催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种用于碳酸二甲酯合成的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Pd盐、Cu盐、Ce盐和Li盐选自硝酸盐、卤化物、草酸盐或醋酸盐中的一种或一种以上。
4.利用如权利要求1所述催化剂的一种应用催化剂合成碳酸二甲酯的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:即用原料气一氧化碳和亚硝酸酯接触反应,采用氮气或二氧化碳作为稀释剂;原料气与权利要求1所述的催化剂接触,接触时间为0.1~6秒,反应温度为90~150℃,反应压力为常压~1.0MPaG,气时空速2000~5000h-1,原料气中CO的体积含量为5%~30%,CH3ONO的体积含量为5%~20%,HCl的气体体积含量为50~500ppm。
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