CN111753691B - Method, equipment and system for detecting and controlling gasification furnace - Google Patents
Method, equipment and system for detecting and controlling gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN111753691B CN111753691B CN202010541946.4A CN202010541946A CN111753691B CN 111753691 B CN111753691 B CN 111753691B CN 202010541946 A CN202010541946 A CN 202010541946A CN 111753691 B CN111753691 B CN 111753691B
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
- G06V20/10—Terrestrial scenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
Abstract
The invention provides a method, equipment and a system for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, wherein the method comprises the following steps: receiving at least one frame of continuously shot gasification furnace throat images; analyzing pixel point data in at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, and determining characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasification furnace according to analysis results; and determining combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data, and controlling equipment for assisting the combustion of the biomass fuel in the gasifier according to the detection parameters in the gasifier. The method can optimize the air distribution condition of the throat of the gasifier, improve the combustion condition of pyrolysis gas and tar, effectively improve the judgment accuracy of the temperature of the section of the throat, reduce the occurrence of uneven cold area and combustion, thereby improving the gasification rate of the system and the heat value of fuel gas, intuitively reflecting the rate of biomass charcoal conveyed to the gasifier by a feeding system, and effectively improving the variable load response speed of the biomass gasifier by combining with an air supply device for adjustment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gasification furnace combustion power generation, in particular to a method, equipment and a system for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace.
Background
At present, thermal power generation mainly exists through fuelIn two ways: one is to burn the coal fuel mode to generate electricity through the traditional boiler burner, the other is to burn the biomass pyrolysis gas mode to generate electricity, wherein the biomass pyrolysis gas mode to generate electricity is to convert the biomass raw material into H-containing material by using a thermochemical method 2 、CH 4 The synthetic fuel gas such as CO and the like is finally sent into the internal combustion engine for combustion power generation, and the method is characterized by small unit scale, less equipment investment, short construction period and quick load-changing response, and is particularly suitable for the application scene of distributed power generation.
The biomass raw material completes pyrolysis and gasification processes in a gasification system successively, wherein energy required by gasification is provided by high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of pyrolysis gas, the residence time of the pyrolysis gas at the throat of a gasification furnace is less than 2 seconds, and insufficient combustion can be caused by insufficient air supply or uneven air distribution; and excessive air supply can reduce the temperature of the throat, dilute high-temperature flue gas and deteriorate the tar burnout effect. Therefore, the quality of the combustion state of the pyrolysis gas in the gasification furnace is timely, which is a key for predicting the heat value and tar content of biomass fuel, but the parameters are difficult to detect at present.
The traditional boiler combustion temperature measurement mode is to be distributed with thermocouple temperature measurement, and the method is used for detecting the biomass combustion temperature, so that the characteristic of combustion of pyrolysis gas in space cannot be well detected due to the fact that the combustion furnace edge has larger thermal inertia.
In the prior art, a flame signal is divided into ultraviolet light, infrared light and visible light by a spectrum separator and is used for flame monitoring, flame temperature measurement and flame combustion image monitoring respectively, but the traditional pulverized coal and biomass fuel are different in composition, so that flame color and radiation wavelength are different, wherein the content of volatile matters in the biomass fuel is relatively high, generally 60-70%, and most of the biomass fuel is tar with a long carbon chain and a boiling point greater than that of benzene, and the coal is generally about 30%, so that the radiation intensity of volatile matters is different; in biomass fuel, especially in agricultural wastes such as rice hulls, straws and the like, the content of alkali metals such as Cl, K, na and the like is higher than that of coal, and about 30% of the alkali metals can be released along with pyrolysis gas in a pyrolysis stage, so that the wavelength distribution of volatile radiation is different, and the color of detected flame is also different; and traditional pulverized coal and biomass fuel's combustion environment and scene are different, coal fired boiler utilizes the metal water-cooled wall to absorb flame radiation generally, consider the metal material restriction, furnace volume design is great, the flame is comparatively concentrated in the furnace middle part, low temperature zone and high temperature are distinguished the boundary obviously, it is comparatively convenient to detect, and biomass gasification stove is for making the tar burn in the laryngeal section and use up, the laryngeal wall has laid thicker refractory castable, can be similar to adiabatic furnace, and the cross-sectional area design is less, so the overall heat load of laryngeal section is higher, flame frontal surface discernment degree of difficulty is big. In addition, the coal-fired boiler adopts the form of primary air powder feeding and suspension combustion in the coal powder furnace, and after an adjusting instruction is sent to a powder feeder and a blower, the load in the furnace can quickly respond; in the biomass gasification process, the time required for the pyrolysis of the raw materials to completely release volatile matters is long, and a large time delay exists from the decomposition of the biomass raw materials to the release of pyrolysis gas, and the biomass semicoke enters the gasification furnace, so that the generation speed of the pyrolysis gas is difficult to control.
Therefore, the existing traditional combustion detection mode of the boiler is not suitable for being applied to the internal detection of the biomass gasification furnace, and the detection mode needs to be redesigned according to the specific combustion environment in the biomass gasification furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for detecting and controlling a gasifier, and the gasifier, which are used for solving the problems that the prior art cannot timely burn states of pyrolysis gas in the gasifier, and the biomass raw material is greatly delayed from decomposition to release of the pyrolysis gas and the biomass semicoke enters the gasifier, so that the generation speed of the pyrolysis gas is difficult to control.
The first aspect of the invention provides a method for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, comprising the following steps:
receiving at least one frame of continuously shot gasification furnace throat images;
analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, and determining characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasification furnace according to an analysis result;
and determining combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data, and controlling equipment for assisting the combustion of the biomass fuel in the gasifier according to the combustion detection parameters in the gasifier.
Optionally, the feature data includes gray scale distribution of pixels in an image and/or black pixel, and determining combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the feature data includes:
Obtaining at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray conversion on the image after the average treatment, comparing gray values of all pixel points in the image after the gray conversion with gray average values of all pixel points, and determining gasification furnace throat air flow parameters according to the number of the pixel points lower than the gray average value and an integral number threshold; and/or
At least one frame of gasification furnace throat image is obtained, the blanking rate of biomass fuel in the gasification furnace is determined according to the number of black point pixels in the image, and the feeding rate parameter of the gasification furnace is determined according to the blanking rate and the blanking rate interval.
Optionally, controlling the operation of the gasifier according to the detection parameter in the gasifier includes:
adjusting the flow of air injected by a burner of the gasification furnace throat by utilizing the air flow parameter of the gasification furnace throat; and/or
And adjusting the motor rotating speed of a feeding auger for feeding the biomass fuel into the throat of the gasifier by utilizing the feeding rate parameter of the gasifier.
Optionally, analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image includes:
Carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image;
the size of the image after the average treatment is adjusted to be square circumscribed with the section of the gasification furnace throat;
dividing the square picture into n grids, wherein n is a positive integer;
and respectively calculating the gray value of each grid in the laryngeal cross section, and determining the gray average value of the image after the average processing by using the gray value of each grid.
Optionally, the performing gray conversion on the image after the average processing includes:
gray scale conversion is performed using the following formula:
gray=0.3×r+0×g+0.7×b, where Gray is a Gray value, R is a red value, G is a green value, and B is a blue value.
Optionally, the analyzing the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, determining the feature data corresponding to the combustion detection parameter in the gasifier according to the analysis result, and further includes:
carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray level conversion on the image after the average processing, and dividing the image after the gray level conversion into at least one gray level detection area, wherein the gray level detection area comprises at least one detection partition;
and determining the laryngeal inlet air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area when the number of the pixel points in at least one detection area, of which the gray values are lower than the gray average value, is larger than the threshold value of the area number.
Optionally, dividing the gray-converted image into at least one gray detection region, the gray detection region including at least one detection partition, including:
dividing the image after gray level conversion into quadrants: the gray scale detection device comprises a first quadrant gray scale detection area, a second quadrant gray scale detection area, a third quadrant gray scale detection area and a fourth quadrant gray scale detection area, wherein the gray scale detection area is divided into at least one detection partition by taking a preset radius length as a partition boundary.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, the apparatus comprising:
the laryngeal image acquisition device is used for receiving at least one frame of continuously shot gasification furnace laryngeal images;
the throat image analysis device is used for analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image and determining characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to analysis results;
and the gasifier control device is used for determining combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data and controlling equipment for assisting the combustion of biomass fuel in the gasifier according to the combustion detection parameters in the gasifier.
Optionally, the feature data includes gray distribution of pixels in an image and/or black pixels, and the throat image analysis device determines combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the feature data, including:
obtaining at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray conversion on the image after the average treatment, comparing gray values of all pixel points in the image after the gray conversion with gray average values of all pixel points, and determining gasification furnace throat air flow parameters according to the number of the pixel points lower than the gray average value and an integral number threshold; and/or
At least one frame of gasification furnace throat image is obtained, the blanking rate of biomass fuel in the gasification furnace is determined according to the number of black point pixels in the image, and the feeding rate parameter of the gasification furnace is determined according to the blanking rate and the blanking rate interval.
Optionally, the gasifier control device controls the gasifier to operate according to the detected parameter in the gasifier, including:
adjusting the flow of air injected by a burner of the gasification furnace throat by utilizing the air flow parameter of the gasification furnace throat; and/or
And adjusting the motor rotating speed of a feeding auger for feeding the biomass fuel into the throat of the gasifier by utilizing the feeding rate parameter of the gasifier.
Optionally, the throat image analysis device analyzes pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, including:
carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image;
the size of the image after the average treatment is adjusted to be square circumscribed with the section of the gasification furnace throat;
dividing the square picture into n grids, wherein n is a positive integer;
and respectively calculating the gray value of each grid in the laryngeal cross section, and determining the gray average value of the image after the average processing by using the gray value of each grid.
Optionally, the method for performing gray-scale conversion on the averaged image by the laryngeal image analysis device includes:
gray scale conversion is performed using the following formula:
gray=0.3×r+0×g+0.7×b, where Gray is a Gray value, R is a red value, G is a green value, and B is a blue value.
Optionally, the throat image analysis device analyzes pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, determines feature data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to an analysis result, and further includes:
Carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray level conversion on the image after the average processing, and dividing the image after the gray level conversion into at least one gray level detection area, wherein the gray level detection area comprises at least one detection partition;
and determining the laryngeal inlet air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area when the number of the pixel points in at least one detection area, of which the gray values are lower than the gray average value, is larger than the threshold value of the area number.
Optionally, the laryngeal image analysis device divides the gray converted image into at least one gray detection region, the gray detection region including at least one detection zone, including:
dividing the image after gray level conversion into quadrants: the gray scale detection device comprises a first quadrant gray scale detection area, a second quadrant gray scale detection area, a third quadrant gray scale detection area and a fourth quadrant gray scale detection area, wherein the gray scale detection area is divided into at least one detection partition by taking a preset radius length as a partition boundary.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a system for detecting and controlling a gasifier, the system comprising any one of the apparatus for detecting and controlling a gasifier provided in the second aspect of the present invention.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a gasification furnace comprising:
the image pickup device is used for receiving a shooting instruction to shoot an image of the gasification furnace throat;
the cooling device is used for receiving a cooling instruction so as to enable the temperature of the image pickup device to be in a normal working interval;
the air feeder is used for providing air preheated by the air preheater for the throat of the gasifier and adjusting the air flow sprayed into the throat by receiving an air flow instruction;
the storage bin is used for storing biomass raw materials;
the feeding auger is used for conveying the biomass raw materials in the storage bin into the throat of the gasification furnace;
the jacket type pyrolysis cylinder is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the biomass raw material in the process of conveying the biomass raw material by the feeding auger;
the gasification furnace throat is used for burning by utilizing air provided by the blower and pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis treatment process.
A fifth aspect of the invention provides a computer storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the methods provided in the first aspect of the invention.
The method provided by the invention can optimize the air distribution condition of the throat of the gasifier, improve the combustion conditions of pyrolysis gas and tar, effectively improve the judgment accuracy of the temperature of the section of the throat, reduce the occurrence of uneven cold area and combustion, thereby improving the gasification rate and the heat value of fuel gas of the system, intuitively reflecting the rate of biomass charcoal conveyed to the gasifier by a feeding system, and effectively improving the variable load response speed of the biomass gasifier by combining with an air supply device for adjustment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gasifier;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of steps of a method of detecting and controlling a gasifier;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a division of a gasifier throat image;
FIG. 4 illustrates a gray scale detection region and detection partition division;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of the supply air of the air mover at the throat of the gasifier;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an apparatus for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
The embodiments of the application are described in further detail below with reference to the drawings accompanying the specification. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are presented by way of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present application.
The biomass power generation is widely applied to replace traditional fossil fuel units such as coal combustion as a carbon neutral clean energy utilization technology, and is a technical means for effectively reducing CO2 emission and absorbing agricultural and forestry wastes through repeated verification of theory and practice. Particularly, the biomass gasification power generation technology is matched with a gas internal combustion engine, has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, flexible unit scale, good fuel adaptability, short construction period and the like, solves the problems of difficult raw material storage and high transportation cost of biomass direct-fired power plants, and makes the biomass gasification power generation technology hopeful to further promote the industrial economic utilization of biomass energy in a large scale.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a gasification furnace, as shown in fig. 1, including:
an imaging device 101 for receiving an imaging instruction to take an image of the gasification furnace throat;
the cooling device 102 is used for receiving a cooling instruction so as to enable the temperature of the image pickup device to be in a normal working interval;
a blower 103 for supplying air preheated by the air preheater to the throat of the gasifier and adjusting the air flow injected into the throat by receiving an air flow command;
a storage bin 104 for storing biomass feedstock;
A feeding auger 105 for conveying the biomass raw material in the storage bin into the gasification furnace throat;
a jacketed pyrolysis cylinder 106 for pyrolysis treatment of the biomass raw material in the process of conveying the biomass raw material by the feeding auger;
the gasifier throat 107 is used for burning by using air provided by the blower and pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis treatment process.
Optionally, the gasifier further includes a control device 108, configured to send control instructions to each component in the gasifier.
Specifically, the camera Device 101 is installed on the gasification furnace roof to perform flame monitoring, and the matched cooling Device 102 protects the jacketed lens rod and the rod end lens to perform good cooling, so that the temperature of the camera Device is in a normal working range, the camera Device 101 is a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) camera with an ultraviolet filtering function, the camera Device 101 can also be a color camera, and can be a common color camera or a wide-angle color camera, and a person skilled in the art can freely set the camera and can not repeatedly set the camera Device to convert collected image information into an electric signal to be sent to the control Device 108, wherein the field angle of the CCD camera is alpha, and the insertion depth of the lens rod is adjusted so that the field angle can completely cover the cross-sectional area of the gasification furnace throat.
The control device 108 is composed of an industrial computer, a video signal I/O board card and a DCS (Distribute Control System, distributed control system), the video signal I/O board card is installed in the industrial computer, receives the collected image information, the industrial computer is provided with image analysis software and a control program, the DCS control cabinet is connected with the industrial computer, and the control of the valve opening and closing of the blower 103 and the motor rotation frequency of the feeding auger 105 is completed by receiving the signals output by the control program.
The gasification furnace also comprises an air preheater for preheating the injected air, and the blower 103 also comprises at least one throat burner air nozzle and a flow regulating valve corresponding to the throat burner air nozzle.
The motor of the blower 103 is controlled by variable frequency, the air supply flow is regulated according to DCS instructions sent by the control device 108, the air supply flow is controlled by a flow regulating valve, a flue gas inlet of the air preheater is connected with an outlet of the blower 103, an outlet of the air preheater is a main air supply pipe, the air preheater is divided into at least one branch pipe near the gasification furnace, each branch pipe is provided with a flow regulating valve, and the flow regulating valve is connected with an air nozzle of a corresponding combustor.
The feeding auger 105 is driven by a motor with variable frequency regulation, a feed inlet of the jacketed pyrolysis cylinder 106 is connected with a feed bin discharging pipe, and a discharge outlet is in butt joint with a feed inlet at the upper part of a gasification furnace throat.
Under the set load of the control device 108, the feeding auger 105 rotates at a constant speed, biomass raw materials falling from the storage bin 104 enter the jacketed pyrolysis cylinder 106, pyrolysis reaction is carried out under the pushing of the feeding auger 105 to form biomass charcoal, a large amount of pyrolysis gas is released, the pyrolysis gas flows to the throat of the gasification furnace under the action of the induced draft fan, the air preheated by the air preheater blown by the air blower 103 at the throat is oxidized and combusted, tar is consumed in the process, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas is generated, the high-temperature flue gas passes through a charcoal layer piled up on the grate of the gasification furnace, heat is absorbed, the biomass charcoal undergoes a reduction reaction, and synthetic gasification gas is generated to be continuously used for combustion.
The energy required by gasification is provided by high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of pyrolysis gas, the residence time of the pyrolysis gas at the throat of the gasifier is less than 2 seconds, and insufficient combustion can be caused by insufficient air supply amount or uneven air distribution; and excessive air supply can reduce the temperature of the throat, dilute high-temperature flue gas and deteriorate the tar burnout effect. Therefore, the method is a key for predicting the heat value and the tar content of biomass fuel, but the existing traditional combustion detection mode of the boiler is not suitable for being applied to the internal detection of the biomass gasifier, and the detection mode needs to be redesigned according to the specific combustion environment in the biomass gasifier.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, as shown in fig. 2, comprising the following steps:
step S201, receiving at least one frame of continuously shot gasification furnace throat images;
specifically, at least one gasification furnace throat image is continuously shot by using a CCD camera in the camera device, and the format of the image can be as follows: JPEG, TIFF, RAW, BMP, GIF, PNG, etc.
In this embodiment, a conventional CCD camera is used, and the resolution of the image is SVGA, that is, a rectangular image with an aspect ratio of 4:3 and a pixel of 800×600 is output.
Step S202, analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, and determining characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to an analysis result;
after at least one gasification furnace throat image is shot, the image is sent to image processing software, pixel point data in the at least one gasification furnace throat image is analyzed, and feature data corresponding to combustion detection parameters of the gasification furnace can be obtained in the analysis process;
as an optional implementation manner, the characteristic data includes gray scale distribution of pixel points and/or black point pixel points in the image;
The method comprises the steps of determining the combustion condition of flames of each part of a gasification furnace throat according to gray distribution of pixel points in an image, wherein black point pixel points represent biomass carbon formed by pyrolysis reaction through a pyrolysis cylinder falling in the gasification furnace throat, and determining the blanking rate of biomass fitting the gasification furnace according to the biomass carbon, wherein the fitting mode can be used for fitting according to the number of black point pixel points and the blanking rate in the image, namely, the more the number of black point pixel points is displayed in the gasification furnace throat image, the faster the blanking rate of the fitted biomass.
And determining combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
obtaining at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray conversion on the image after the average treatment, comparing gray values of all pixel points in the image after the gray conversion with gray average values of all pixel points, and determining gasification furnace throat air flow parameters according to the number of the pixel points lower than the gray average value and an integral number threshold;
since flame burned in the gasifier generally shows a bright and jumping form, and the flame image at a certain moment is simply taken as a basis for analyzing the combustion state, distortion is easy to occur, RGB values of a multi-frame gasifier throat image need to be smoothed by a moving average method, the processed image can represent the combustion flame condition of the gasifier throat, and a person skilled in the art who processes the image by moving average is not repeated here.
After carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray conversion on the image, obtaining gray values of all pixel points in the image, and comparing the gray values of all pixel points with the average value of the gasification furnace throat image;
as another optional implementation mode, at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image is obtained, the blanking rate of biomass fuel in the gasification furnace is determined according to the number of black point pixel points in the image, and the feeding rate parameter of the gasification furnace is determined according to the blanking rate and the blanking rate interval.
Determining the blanking rate in the gasifier at each moment according to the number of black point pixel points in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, and when the blanking rate is determined to be smaller than the blanking rate interval, adjusting the motor rotation speed of a feeding auger;
as an alternative embodiment, the average processed image is subjected to gray-scale conversion, which is performed using the following formula:
gray=0.3×r+0×g+0.7×b, where Gray is a Gray value, R is a red value, G is a green value, and B is a blue value.
Because biomass fuels are rich in alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, about 30% migrate with pyrolysis gases during the pyrolysis stage, and thus the combustion flame at the gasifier throat typically exhibits a bright yellow-purplish color. The light yellow color is mainly represented by flame color reaction presented by K element in the biomass fuel because the biomass fuel contains carbon organic matters, energy is released during combustion, so that an ultraviolet filter is arranged in front of a CCD camera, and under the conditions of better flame combustion condition and higher temperature, the ultraviolet intensity of a gasification furnace throat area is larger, and when gray conversion is carried out, a color RGB value is converted into a gray G value, and the weight of the G value needs to be weakened and the weight of the B value needs to be increased.
As an optional implementation manner, the analysis of the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image may also be a partition analysis manner, as shown in fig. 3:
carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image;
the size of the image after the average treatment is adjusted to be square circumscribed with the section of the gasification furnace throat;
dividing the square picture into n grids, wherein n is a positive integer;
and respectively calculating the gray value of each grid in the laryngeal cross section, and determining the gray average value of the image after the average processing by using the gray value of each grid.
For example, the output image is a rectangular image with 800 x 600 pixels and an aspect ratio of 4:3. Setting in image processing software, cutting off redundant black edges to form a square picture circumscribed with the laryngeal opening section, wherein (600/2) 2 x 3.14= 282600 pixels covered by inscribed circles are effective points of the circular laryngeal opening section, n=100 is set, and the number of grids is (100/2) 2 x 3.14=7850. There are 36 original pixels in each grid, and the weighted average of the 36 original pixels RGB is characterized as the RGB value of the grid.
As an optional implementation manner, the analyzing the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, determining the feature data corresponding to the combustion detection parameter in the gasifier according to the analysis result, further includes:
Carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray level conversion on the image after the average processing, and dividing the image after the gray level conversion into at least one gray level detection area, wherein the gray level detection area comprises at least one detection partition;
and determining the laryngeal inlet air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area when the number of the pixel points in at least one detection area, of which the gray values are lower than the gray average value, is larger than the threshold value of the area number.
Dividing the gray-converted image into at least one gray detection region, the gray detection region including at least one detection zone, comprising:
dividing the image after gray level conversion into quadrants: the gray scale detection device comprises a first quadrant gray scale detection area, a second quadrant gray scale detection area, a third quadrant gray scale detection area and a fourth quadrant gray scale detection area, wherein the gray scale detection area is divided into at least one detection partition by taking a preset radius length as a partition boundary.
As shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the image is divided into quadrants: the first quadrant gray level detection area, the second quadrant gray level detection area, the third quadrant gray level detection area and the fourth quadrant gray level detection area, namely detection subareas: first quadrant RUI/RUM/RUO, second quadrant LUI/LUM/LUO, third quadrant LDI/LDM/LDO, fourth quadrant RDI/RDM/RDO.
Step S203, determining combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data, and controlling equipment for assisting the combustion of biomass fuel in the gasifier according to the combustion detection parameters in the gasifier.
Wherein, according to detect the parameter and control in the said gasification stove to the said gasification stove operation, including:
as an optional implementation manner, the air flow parameter of the gasification furnace throat is utilized to adjust the flow of air injected by a burner of the gasification furnace throat;
after the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image is subjected to average processing, gray level conversion is carried out on the image, gray level values of all pixel points in the image are obtained, gray level values of all pixel points are compared with the average value of the gasification furnace throat image, when the number of the pixel points lower than the gray level average value is larger than the threshold value of the whole number, the temperature distribution of the gasification furnace throat is uneven, the opening and closing degree of a pipeline valve corresponding to a burner is required to be adjusted, at least one burner air is distributed and adjusted to be sprayed into the gasification furnace throat flow, as shown in fig. 5, the air supply cross section schematic diagram of a blower of the gasification furnace throat is provided, and an air nozzle is correspondingly arranged in each quadrant area;
As an alternative embodiment, the feeding speed parameter of the gasification furnace is utilized to adjust the rotating speed of a motor of a feeding auger for feeding biomass fuel into the throat of the gasification furnace.
Determining the blanking rate in the gasifier at each moment according to the number of black point pixel points in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, and adjusting the motor rotation speed of a feeding auger when the blanking rate is determined to be smaller than a blanking rate interval so as to improve the blanking rate of biomass fuel in the gasifier and prevent fuel shortage; when the blanking rate is determined to be greater than the blanking rate interval, the motor rotating speed of the feeding auger needs to be regulated so as to reduce the blanking rate of biomass fuel in the gasification furnace and prevent the problem of insufficient combustion caused by excessive fuel.
As an alternative embodiment, since the average gray level represents the overall combustion state of the laryngeal flame at this time, when the average gray level is lower than the gray level threshold value, it is determined that the overall temperature of the laryngeal flame is low, and the reason why the overall temperature of the laryngeal flame is low is that the blower blows excessively, resulting in a decrease in the overall combustion temperature of the laryngeal flame, at this time, it is necessary to reduce the motor rotation frequency of the blower to reduce the overall air volume.
As an optional implementation manner, because the air nozzles of the burner are consistent with the quadrant area distribution of the image division, when the gray value of the pixel points in at least one detection zone in the gray detection area is determined to be lower than the gray average value and the number of the pixel points in at least one detection zone is greater than the zone number threshold, the laryngeal inlet air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area is determined.
Specifically, in any quadrant region, when the number of gray values of pixel points in at least one detection zone, which is lower than the gray average value, is larger than the zone number threshold, the air flow of the air nozzle of the burner corresponding to the quadrant region is adjusted, or when the number of pixel points in at least one detection zone, which is lower than the gray average value, is higher than the proportion threshold, the air flow of the air nozzle of the burner corresponding to the quadrant region is adjusted.
As an alternative implementation manner, after the detection control is performed and the preset time is waited, the gasifier reaches a new equilibrium state, and then the next optimization adjustment is further performed according to the method for detecting and controlling the gasifier.
According to the method provided by the embodiment of the application, aiming at the characteristics that the two-stage biomass gasification is different from the traditional coal gasification process taking coal as a raw material, particularly the characteristics of large volatile component ratio, high alkali metal/alkaline earth metal content and the like, an ultraviolet filter is additionally arranged in front of a CCD camera, the weight of a B value in a color RGB value-gray level conversion formula is selectively improved, the combustion state and the temperature field gradient of a reaction flame can be better at a gasification furnace throat with small space and large section heat load, and the difficulty that the actual blanking rate and a feeding system are greatly delayed and the actual blanking amount cannot be effectively constant in the two-stage biomass gasification furnace is solved, the method for adopting an image-assisted actual blanking condition is provided, so that the actual in-furnace biological quality can be intuitively embodied, and the method for detecting and optimizing the combustion of the pyrolysis gas at the gasification furnace throat is provided for a control person by using a gray level processing mode.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, as shown in fig. 6, the apparatus includes:
a laryngeal image obtaining device 601, configured to receive at least one frame of continuously shot gasifier laryngeal images;
the laryngeal image analysis device 602 is configured to analyze pixel point data in the laryngeal image of the at least one frame of gasifier, and determine feature data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to an analysis result;
the gasifier control device 603 is configured to determine a gasifier combustion detection parameter according to the feature data, and control a device for assisting the combustion of the biomass fuel in the gasifier according to the gasifier combustion detection parameter.
Optionally, the feature data includes gray scale distribution of pixels in an image and/or black pixels, and the throat image analysis device 602 determines combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the feature data, including:
obtaining at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray conversion on the image after the average treatment, comparing gray values of all pixel points in the image after the gray conversion with gray average values of all pixel points, and determining gasification furnace throat air flow parameters according to the number of the pixel points lower than the gray average value and an integral number threshold; and/or
At least one frame of gasification furnace throat image is obtained, the blanking rate of biomass fuel in the gasification furnace is determined according to the number of black point pixels in the image, and the feeding rate parameter of the gasification furnace is determined according to the blanking rate and the blanking rate interval.
Optionally, the gasifier control device 603 controls the gasifier operation according to the detected parameter in the gasifier, including:
adjusting the flow of air injected by a burner of the gasification furnace throat by utilizing the air flow parameter of the gasification furnace throat; and/or
And adjusting the motor rotating speed of a feeding auger for feeding the biomass fuel into the throat of the gasifier by utilizing the feeding rate parameter of the gasifier.
Optionally, the throat image analysis device 602 analyzes pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, including:
carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image;
the size of the image after the average treatment is adjusted to be square circumscribed with the section of the gasification furnace throat;
dividing the square picture into n grids, wherein n is a positive integer;
and respectively calculating the gray value of each grid in the laryngeal cross section, and determining the gray average value of the image after the average processing by using the gray value of each grid.
Optionally, the laryngeal image analysis device 602 performs gray conversion on the image after the average processing, including:
gray scale conversion is performed using the following formula:
gray=0.3×r+0×g+0.7×b, where Gray is a Gray value, R is a red value, G is a green value, and B is a blue value.
Optionally, the throat image analysis device 602 analyzes pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, determines feature data corresponding to the combustion detection parameter in the gasifier according to the analysis result, and further includes:
carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray level conversion on the image after the average processing, and dividing the image after the gray level conversion into at least one gray level detection area, wherein the gray level detection area comprises at least one detection partition;
and determining the laryngeal inlet air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area when the number of the pixel points in at least one detection area, of which the gray values are lower than the gray average value, is larger than the threshold value of the area number.
Optionally, the laryngeal image analysis device 602 divides the gray converted image into at least one gray detection region, the gray detection region including at least one detection zone, including:
Dividing the image after gray level conversion into quadrants: the gray scale detection device comprises a first quadrant gray scale detection area, a second quadrant gray scale detection area, a third quadrant gray scale detection area and a fourth quadrant gray scale detection area, wherein the gray scale detection area is divided into at least one detection partition by taking a preset radius length as a partition boundary.
The embodiment of the invention provides a system for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, and any one of the equipment for detecting and controlling the gasification furnace provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the methods of detecting and controlling a gasifier provided in the above embodiments.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof, the present application is intended to cover such modifications and variations.
Claims (15)
1. A method of detecting and controlling a gasifier, the method comprising:
receiving at least one frame of continuously shot gasification furnace throat images;
analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, and determining characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasification furnace according to an analysis result; the characteristic data comprises gray distribution of pixel points and/or black pixel points in an image, and the determination of combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data comprises the following steps: obtaining at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray conversion on the image after the average treatment, comparing gray values of all pixel points in the image after the gray conversion with gray average values of all pixel points, and determining gasification furnace throat air flow parameters according to the number of the pixel points lower than the gray average value and an integral number threshold; and/or obtaining at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, determining the blanking rate of biomass fuel in the gasification furnace according to the number of black point pixel points in the image, and determining the feeding rate parameter of the gasification furnace according to the blanking rate and the blanking rate interval;
And determining combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data, and controlling equipment for assisting the combustion of the biomass fuel in the gasifier according to the combustion detection parameters in the gasifier.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling the gasifier operation based on the gasifier internal detection parameter comprises:
adjusting the flow of air injected by a burner of the gasification furnace throat by utilizing the air flow parameter of the gasification furnace throat; and/or
And adjusting the motor rotating speed of a feeding auger for feeding the biomass fuel into the throat of the gasifier by utilizing the feeding rate parameter of the gasifier.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image comprises:
carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image;
the size of the image after the average treatment is adjusted to be square circumscribed with the section of the gasification furnace throat;
dividing the square picture into n grids, wherein n is a positive integer;
and respectively calculating the gray value of each grid in the laryngeal cross section, and determining the gray average value of the image after the average processing by using the gray value of each grid.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the subjecting the averaged image to gray scale conversion comprises:
gray scale conversion is performed using the following formula:
gray=0.3×r+0×g+0.7×b, where Gray is a Gray value, R is a red value, G is a green value, and B is a blue value.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein analyzing the pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, determining feature data corresponding to the gasifier combustion detection parameter according to the analysis result, further comprises:
carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray level conversion on the image after the average processing, and dividing the image after the gray level conversion into at least one gray level detection area, wherein the gray level detection area comprises at least one detection partition;
and determining the laryngeal inlet air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area when the number of the pixel points in at least one detection area, of which the gray values are lower than the gray average value, is larger than the threshold value of the area number.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein dividing the gray-converted image into at least one gray detection region, the gray detection region comprising at least one detection partition, comprises:
Dividing the image after gray level conversion into quadrants: the gray scale detection device comprises a first quadrant gray scale detection area, a second quadrant gray scale detection area, a third quadrant gray scale detection area and a fourth quadrant gray scale detection area, wherein the gray scale detection area is divided into at least one detection partition by taking a preset radius length as a partition boundary.
7. An apparatus for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, comprising:
the laryngeal image acquisition device is used for receiving at least one frame of continuously shot gasification furnace laryngeal images;
the throat image analysis device is used for analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image and determining characteristic data corresponding to combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to analysis results; the characteristic data comprises gray distribution of pixel points and/or black pixel points in an image, and the determination of combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data comprises the following steps: obtaining at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray conversion on the image after the average treatment, comparing gray values of all pixel points in the image after the gray conversion with gray average values of all pixel points, and determining gasification furnace throat air flow parameters according to the number of the pixel points lower than the gray average value and an integral number threshold; and/or obtaining at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, determining the blanking rate of biomass fuel in the gasification furnace according to the number of black point pixel points in the image, and determining the feeding rate parameter of the gasification furnace according to the blanking rate and the blanking rate interval;
And the gasifier control device is used for determining combustion detection parameters in the gasifier according to the characteristic data and controlling equipment for assisting the combustion of biomass fuel in the gasifier according to the combustion detection parameters in the gasifier.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein controlling the gasifier operation based on the gasifier internal detection parameter comprises:
adjusting the flow of air injected by a burner of the gasification furnace throat by utilizing the air flow parameter of the gasification furnace throat; and/or
And adjusting the motor rotating speed of a feeding auger for feeding the biomass fuel into the throat of the gasifier by utilizing the feeding rate parameter of the gasifier.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein analyzing pixel point data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image comprises:
carrying out average treatment on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image;
the size of the image after the average treatment is adjusted to be square circumscribed with the section of the gasification furnace throat;
dividing the square picture into n grids, wherein n is a positive integer;
and respectively calculating the gray value of each grid in the laryngeal cross section, and determining the gray average value of the image after the average processing by using the gray value of each grid.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the gray-scale converting the averaged image comprises:
gray scale conversion is performed using the following formula:
gray=0.3×r+0×g+0.7×b, where Gray is a Gray value, R is a red value, G is a green value, and B is a blue value.
11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the analyzing the pixel data in the at least one frame of gasifier throat image, determining feature data corresponding to the gasifier combustion detection parameter according to the analysis result, further comprises:
carrying out average processing on the at least one frame of gasification furnace throat image, carrying out gray level conversion on the image after the average processing, and dividing the image after the gray level conversion into at least one gray level detection area, wherein the gray level detection area comprises at least one detection partition;
and determining the laryngeal inlet air flow parameter corresponding to the gray detection area when the number of the pixel points in at least one detection area, of which the gray values are lower than the gray average value, is larger than the threshold value of the area number.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the gray-converted image is divided into at least one gray detection region, the gray detection region including at least one detection zone, comprising:
Dividing the image after gray level conversion into quadrants: the gray scale detection device comprises a first quadrant gray scale detection area, a second quadrant gray scale detection area, a third quadrant gray scale detection area and a fourth quadrant gray scale detection area, wherein the gray scale detection area is divided into at least one detection partition by taking a preset radius length as a partition boundary.
13. A system for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace, characterized in that the system comprises a device for detecting and controlling a gasification furnace according to any one of claims 7 to 12.
14. A gasification furnace, characterized in that the gasification furnace comprises:
the image pickup device is used for receiving a shooting instruction to shoot an image of the gasification furnace throat;
the cooling device is used for receiving a cooling instruction so as to enable the temperature of the image pickup device to be in a normal working interval;
the air feeder is used for providing air preheated by the air preheater for the throat of the gasifier and adjusting the air flow sprayed into the throat by receiving an air flow instruction;
the storage bin is used for storing biomass raw materials;
the feeding auger is used for conveying the biomass raw materials in the storage bin into the throat of the gasification furnace;
the jacket type pyrolysis cylinder is used for carrying out pyrolysis treatment on the biomass raw material in the process of conveying the biomass raw material by the feeding auger;
The gasification furnace throat is used for burning by utilizing air provided by the blower and pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis treatment process.
15. A computer storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor performs the method according to any of claims 1-6.
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| 工业级粉煤供料过程流型特性的研究;潘响明;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅰ辑》;B017-47 * |
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