JPH0481085B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD The present invention relates to a method of capturing an image of the combustion state inside the incinerator for incinerating solid waste, and controlling the combustion state based on the image information. Background technology In recent years, waste has been treated as waste by simply incinerating it, as exemplified by waste power generation, in which a boiler is installed in a waste incinerator, the heat generated during waste incineration is recovered, and the generated steam is used to generate electricity. Resource and energy conservation of waste incineration facilities has progressed to the point that waste incineration facilities have no added value as waste fuel. In order to increase the added value of waste as a fuel, it is necessary to stabilize the amount of steam generated as seen in the uniformity of the amount of electricity generated by waste power generation, that is, to stabilize the thermal output of waste incinerators, thereby increasing the efficiency of steam amount. Improvement is essential. Various performances required for automatic combustion control of such incinerators are becoming more advanced than those of conventional incinerators. For example, to prevent pollution, it is necessary to reduce the toxic gas NOx in exhaust gas. In order to achieve a reduction in the toxic gas NOx in the exhaust gas, it is necessary to incinerate at a low air ratio, but the temperature rise during waste incineration is greater than when waste is incinerated at a high air ratio. As a result, the molten ash tends to adhere to the walls of the waste incinerator and the furnace is likely to be damaged by fire. Problems to be Solved by the Invention In the conventional technology, cooling methods such as cooling methods that constantly supply cold air into the furnace to lower the temperature inside the furnace, and cooling methods that lower the temperature inside the furnace using water spray, etc. Efforts are made to prevent ash adhesion and furnace burnout. However, these methods have a problem in that incomplete combustion of the waste occurs when waste with a high moisture content is input and the quality of the waste deteriorates. An object of the present invention is to provide a combustion control method for a garbage incinerator, which can prevent furnace burnout due to abnormally high temperature combustion and can control the combustion state so that incomplete combustion of garbage does not occur. That's true. Means for Solving the Problems The present invention provides a method for controlling combustion in a waste incinerator equipped with a movable bed for moving waste within the incinerator, which includes: imaging the combustion state of waste within the incinerator with a television camera;
Based on the image information obtained from the television camera, a region in a combustion state having a blue wavelength and a wavelength shorter than that is extracted, and the temperature of combustion air supplied from below the moving bed in the region is lowered. This is a combustion control method for a garbage incinerator, which is characterized by: Effects According to the present invention, the position and area of the abnormally high-temperature combustion region is determined based on image information, and the temperature of combustion air supplied only to that region is lowered, thereby preventing furnace burnout due to abnormally high-temperature combustion. Moreover, since the drying effect of the waste is not reduced, incomplete combustion of the waste can be prevented. Embodiment FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a waste incinerator 1 of an embodiment implemented in connection with the present invention. Garbage is fed into the garbage incinerator 1 via a hopper 2. Hotupa 2
The garbage inside falls into the garbage incinerator 1 by the garbage supply device 3. The waste incinerator 1 is successively divided into a drying area A1, a combustion area A2, and an after-combustion area A3 from the waste supply device 3 side to the discharge port 70 side, and has moving beds 4, 5, 6, and 7. Placed. The garbage that has fallen from the garbage supply device 3 onto the movable floor 4 is dried by air supplied from below the movable floor 4, and then moved to the movable floor 5. While the garbage moved to the moving bed 5 is further moved to the moving beds 6 and 7, it is burned by the air supplied from below each of the moving beds 5 to 7, and is discharged as residual ash from the discharge port 70 to the furnace 1.
Expelled outside. Air pushed in by the blower 71 and heated by the air heating device 34 is passed through the pipe 14 from the pipes 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 below each of the moving beds 4 to 7. Supplied. The air heating device 34 is controlled by an operation signal output based on the deviation value between the signal from the temperature detector 61 that detects the temperature of the pipe line 14 and the temperature setting signal inputted via the line 38. , the temperature of the air supplied from the conduit 14 is adjusted. The cold air forced by the blower 78 is supplied via the pipe 15 to pipes 79, 80, 81 connected to the pipes 73, 74, 75. Conduit 7
The cold air from 9 is combined with the warm air supplied to the pipe line 73, and is supplied into the furnace 1 via the wind box 9 installed below the upstream side of the moving bed 5. The cold air from the pipe line 80 is combined with the warm air supplied to the pipe line 74 and is supplied into the furnace 1 via the wind box 10 installed below the downstream side of the moving bed 5. Further, the cold air from the pipe 81 is combined with the warm air from the pipe 75, and is supplied into the furnace 1 via the wind box 11 installed below the upstream side of the moving bed 6. The hot air supplied through the pipe line 72 is passed through the wind box 8 installed below the moving floor 4 to the furnace 1.
It is given to the dry area A1 within the area. The warm air supplied through the pipe line 76 is provided into the furnace 1 through the wind box 12 provided below the downstream side of the moving bed 6. The hot air supplied through the pipe 77 is
The air is supplied to the after-combustion area A3 in the furnace 1 via a wind box 13 provided below the moving bed 7. The flow rate of hot air supplied into these pipes 72, 76, 77 is adjusted by the opening degree of each damper 16, 20, 21 provided in each pipe 72, 76, 77. . A damper 2 is installed upstream of the connection between the pipes 73 and 79.
2 and 23 are provided. a detected value from a temperature detector 28 that detects the temperature downstream of the connection part;
The controller 33 controls the damper 2 based on the deviation value from the temperature set value input via the line 39.
The opening degrees of 2 and 23 are adjusted to change the mixing ratio of hot air and cold air. By this mixing ratio, the temperature of the air supplied to the wind box 9 is controlled to match the temperature setting value. Similarly, the temperature of the air supplied to the wind box 10 is determined by the controller 8 to which the signal from the temperature detector 29 and the signal from the line 40 are input.
The temperature of the air supplied to the wind box 11 is controlled by the opening degree of the dampers 24 and 25 by the controller 83 to which the signal from the temperature detector 30 and the signal from the line 41 are input. Damper 26,2
It is controlled by the opening degree of 7. Wind box 9, 10, 1
The flow rate of air supplied to each pipe line 73, 74,
It is controlled by the opening degrees of dampers 17, 18, and 19 provided downstream from the temperature detection point 75. A color industrial television camera 35 installed facing a window 84 provided in the furnace wall of the incinerator 1 has an optical center axis 85 near the boundary between the upper combustion grate 5 and the lower combustion grate 6, and The combustion part in 1 is imaged. The image signal 51 from the television camera 35 is processed by the image processing device 36 via the line 50, and is led to the combustion control device 37 as signals S8, S21, and S22 indicating the position of the high-temperature combustion region and the area divided into combustion regions. be done. The combustion control device 37 sends a signal indicating a temperature setting value to lines 38, 39, 40, 4 based on the input position signals S8, S21, S22.
1. The temperature of the air supplied into the furnace 1 is controlled by a combustion control device 37, and its flow rate is appropriately adjusted by a well-known control device C that controls the opening degrees of the dampers 16-21. Next, the principle of the present invention will be explained. Dry area A
1 is dried by combustion air supplied from a wind box 8 provided below the moving bed 4 and radiant heat from the combustion area A2. The garbage moved from the drying area A1 to the combustion area A2 is burned by combustion air supplied from wind boxes 9, 10, 11 provided below the moving beds 5, 6. After almost complete combustion in the combustion zone A2, the garbage moved to the post-combustion zone A3 is completely incinerated by the combustion air supplied from the wind boxes 12 and 13 provided below the moving beds 6 and 7. , is discharged outside the furnace as ash. In such a waste incineration process, if the quality of the waste is non-uniform, the combustion state in the combustion zone A2 will become unstable. In this case, a high temperature combustion region occurs in the combustion region A2 as described in the background art, but in the present invention, combustion is controlled as described below,
Maintains stable combustion conditions. The present invention detects the distribution of abnormally high temperature areas in the combustion zone A2 for each installation position of the wind boxes 9, 10, and 11, and detects the distribution of abnormally high temperature areas in the combustion area A2 for each installation position of the wind boxes 9, 10, and 11, and The temperature of the combustion air supplied to the boxes 9, 10, 11 is reduced in accordance with the area. Next, a method for detecting the high temperature combustion region of the waste incinerator 1 according to the present invention will be explained. In general, objects are 700
It is known that when the temperature reaches ℃ or above, it begins to emit light, and the relationship shown in Table 1 holds between the color and temperature.

[Table] In other words, as the temperature increases, the color changes from red to reddish-yellow and then to bluish white. This is because as the temperature rises, the short wavelength blue wavelength component contained in the light increases, while the long wavelength red wavelength component conversely decreases relatively. By using this relationship, an image signal having a blue wavelength and a shorter wavelength can be extracted from a color image signal obtained by imaging the combustion state of the garbage incinerator 1, and a flame part of high-temperature combustion can be extracted. becomes possible. When the color image signal S1 output from the television camera 35 is reproduced on a color television monitor, the flame 90 and the flames 91, 92 of the high-temperature combustion section are reproduced as images, as shown in FIG. 2. If we separate the blue wavelength and signals with wavelengths shorter than the blue wavelength from the image signal S1 and reproduce only the signals above the threshold T1, which indicate a predetermined wavelength, on a monitor TV, the result will be as shown in Fig. 2. Images 93 and 94 in which the flame of the high-temperature combustion section is extracted can be obtained. Therefore, this image 93,94
By determining the position in the waste incinerator 1, the position of the high temperature and combustion area in the waste incinerator 1 can be known. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an image processing device 36 implemented in connection with the present invention. The color image signal S1 from the television camera 35 is red,
Color separation circuit 95 that separates signals of the three primary colors of green and blue
and is input to the clock synchronization signal generation circuit 96. Based on the image signal S1, the clock synchronization signal generation circuit 96 generates a clock signal C0 and a vertical synchronization signal C for sampling the color image signal S1.
1 and horizontal synchronization signal C2. Blue wavelength component signal S separated by color separation circuit 95
9 is input to a multi-value conversion circuit 97. The multilevel conversion circuit 97 performs analog/digital conversion on the blue wavelength component signal S9 in synchronization with the clock signal C0, and outputs the multilevel blue wavelength component signal S12 to the image memory circuit 98. FIG. 4 shows signal waveforms associated with the image processing device 36. Fourth
FIG. 1 shows the signal waveform of the color image signal S1.
The multi-value converting circuit 38 outputs the signal S12 and at the same time outputs the analog signal S12 as shown in FIG.
A digital (A/D) output timing signal S10 is output. The A/D output timing signal S10 is
It is input to the image memory control circuit 99. When the image memory write request signal S13 as shown in FIG. 4 is set by the arithmetic processing circuit 100, the image memory control circuit 99 writes the image memory as shown in FIG. A write clock signal S11 is output. On the other hand, the signal S12 input to the image memory circuit 98 is written to the image memory in the image memory circuit 98 in synchronization with the image memory write clock signal S11. When the image for one screen is written to the image memory, the image memory circuit 98 sends an image input end signal S14 as shown in FIG. 4 to the image memory control circuit 99.
Output to. In synchronization with the input signal S14, the image memory control circuit 99 outputs an image memory set signal S15 as shown in FIG. 4 to the arithmetic processing circuit 100. In synchronization with the signal S15, the arithmetic processing circuit 100 resets the image memory write request signal S13, and then reads in the multivalued blue wavelength component image data S16 from the image memory circuit 98. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a scanning state in a monitor color television, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state in which data is stored in an image memory. As shown in FIG. 5, when the number of samples in one scanning line of the monitor TV is n, the m-th sample point of scanning line l is ln+ of the image memory shown in FIG.
It is written mth. The image data S16 written to the image memory in this way is
The data are sequentially called in by the arithmetic processing circuit 100 and arithmetic processing is performed. At this time, the arithmetic processing circuit 100
The image data S16 is made to correspond to the screen of the monitor television shown in FIG. 5, and the multivalued blue component image data is arranged as shown in FIG.
Processing is performed as a digital image of multivalued blue wavelength components. FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the processing performed in the arithmetic processing circuit 100. In the figure, the part indicated by t is the pixel with the threshold value T1 or more, and the part indicated by S is the pixel with the threshold value T1 or more.
The pixel is T1 or lower. As an example of the processing method, as shown in FIG.
Extract. Next extracted high temperature combustion area 10
The areas of 2, 103, and 104 are determined, and the areas whose areas are equal to or larger than the threshold value T2 are regarded as the high-temperature combustion area of the garbage incinerator 1. FIG. 9 shows an image in which the high-temperature combustion region 105 has been extracted, and also shows the intensity distribution of the blue wavelength component of the combustion region 105 in the vertical and horizontal directions. As shown in FIG. 9, when the high-temperature combustion region 105 is extracted, the integrated value of the image data of the multi-valued blue wavelength component of each pixel in the vertical and horizontal directions is sequentially determined, and the combustion region in each vertical direction is A blue wavelength component intensity distribution 106 of 105 and a blue wavelength component intensity distribution 107 of the lateral high temperature combustion region 105 are obtained.
For each of the vertical intensity distribution 106 and horizontal intensity distribution 107 obtained in this way, the position determined by the vertical position L0 and horizontal position N0 that gives the maximum value is determined as the position P of the high temperature combustion region 105 in the digital image. shall be. The position detection as described above is performed for all extracted high-temperature combustion regions having an area equal to or larger than the threshold value T2. Simultaneously with detecting the position of the high-temperature combustion region as described above, the area of the region is determined based on the image data S16 input to the arithmetic circuit 100. Further, the high-temperature combustion region is divided into three combustion regions according to the position P: the upstream and downstream sides of the upper combustion stage 5 and the upstream side of the lower combustion stage 6, and the total area is determined for each of the three combustion regions. A signal S1 indicating the sum of the determined areas on the upstream side of the upper combustion stage 5
7. Signal S indicating the total area on the downstream side of the combustion upper stage 5
19 and a signal S20 indicating the sum of the areas on the upstream side of the lower combustion stage 6 is output from the arithmetic processing circuit 100 to the latch circuit 101. At this time, a signal S18 indicating the output timing is also output to the latch circuit 101. Further, the arithmetic processing circuit 100 sets the image memory write request signal S13 in synchronization with the vertical synchronization signal as shown in FIG. The image memory control circuit 98 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, the image memory set signal S15 is reset at the same time as the signal S13 is set. In synchronization with the output timing signal S18, the latch circuit 101 holds the signals S17, S19, and S20, and outputs them to the combustion control device 37 as signals S8, S21, and S22 indicating the area of the high-temperature combustion region, respectively. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a specific embodiment of the control device 37. An area signal S8 of an abnormally high temperature region on the upstream side of the moving bed 5 where the wind box 9 is provided is input from the image processing device 36 to the control device 37 via a line 51. Wind box 10
The area signal S21 on the downstream side of the moving bed 5 where the wind box 11 is provided is inputted via a line 52, and the area signal S22 on the upstream side of the moving bed 6 where the wind box 11 is provided is inputted via a line 53. The input area signal S8 is given to the adjuster C2 and the calculator C5, and the area signal S21 is given to the adjuster C3 and the calculator C5.
5, and the area signal S22 is applied to the adjuster C4 and the arithmetic unit C5. A discrimination level value is set in the setting device C1, and a signal indicating the value is applied to each of the regulators C2, C3, and C4 via a line L1. Based on the deviation between the discrimination level value and the area signal S8, the regulator C2 derives a signal on line 39 indicating the optimal temperature of the air supplied to the windbox 9. The input/output characteristics of the regulator C2 are shown in FIG. 11, and when the deviation e1 occurs, the output temperature T1
becomes. Similarly, the regulator C3 derives a signal indicating the air temperature supplied to the wind box 10 on the line 40 based on the deviation between the discrimination level value and the area signal S21, and the regulator C4 outputs a signal indicating the air temperature supplied to the wind box 10 based on the deviation between the discrimination level value and the area signal S22.
A signal indicating the temperature of the air supplied to the wind box 11 is derived on line 41 based on the deviation of . Regulator C
3. The input/output characteristics of C4 are similar to those of regulator C2 shown in FIG. Arithmetic unit C5 receives input area signals S8 and S2.
1 and S22 are added and output to the regulator C7 via line L2. A discrimination level is set in the setter C6, and the level value is inputted to the regulator C7 via the line L3. Regulator C7 sends a signal to line 38 indicating the optimum temperature of the supply air flowing through line 14 based on the deviation between the discrimination level and the summed area.
Output to. An example of the input/output characteristics of the regulator C7 is shown in FIG. When the deviation C2 increases, the output temperature
T2 decreases as shown. When the abnormally high temperature region in the moving beds 5, 6 is widespread, the temperature of the combustion air supplied from below all the moving beds 4-7 is reduced by the output signal of the line 38. In this way, in the present invention, the combustion state is divided into several combustion regions and grasped, and the temperature of the air supplied to each region is adjusted according to the combustion state of the divided regions. In the conventional technology, for example, when garbage with a high moisture content is input and drying is not completed in the drying zone A1, and the undried garbage moves to the combustion zone A2, the temperature of the supply air throughout the combustion zone A2 is lowered. However, in the present invention, such a situation does not occur, although combustion is delayed and waste is discharged without being completely incinerated. Effects As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to maintain the combustion state so that the waste incinerator does not burn out due to abnormally high temperature combustion, and even if the quality of the waste changes, incomplete combustion of the waste does not occur. It is possible to avoid this. Furthermore, since a stable combustion state can be obtained at all times, it is possible to reduce NOx in the exhaust gas.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a waste incinerator 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an image reproduced on a monitor television based on a color image signal S1, and FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the image processing device 36, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing signal waveforms output in relation to the image processing device 36, FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining scanning of a captured image, FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining data in the image memory,
Figure 7 is a diagram for explaining the digitized image, Figure 8 is a diagram for explaining the high temperature combustion area in the digital image, and Figure 9 is for explaining how to find the position of the extracted high temperature combustion area. Diagram for doing, 1st
0 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the combustion control device 37, FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the input/output characteristics of the regulator C2, and FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the input/output characteristics of the regulator C7. 1... Garbage incinerator, 4, 5, 6, 7... Moving bed, 22-27... Damper, 35... Television camera, 36... Image processing device, 37... Combustion control device, 33, 60, 82, 83...controller.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A combustion control method in a waste incinerator equipped with a movable bed for moving waste within the incinerator, comprising: capturing an image of the combustion state of waste within the incinerator with a television camera;
Based on the image information obtained from the television camera, a region in a combustion state having a blue wavelength and a wavelength shorter than that is extracted, and the temperature of combustion air supplied from below the moving bed in the region is lowered. A combustion control method for a garbage incinerator, characterized by: