CN111747737A - 铁氧体烧结磁体及具备其的旋转电气设备 - Google Patents

铁氧体烧结磁体及具备其的旋转电气设备 Download PDF

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CN111747737A
CN111747737A CN202010058227.7A CN202010058227A CN111747737A CN 111747737 A CN111747737 A CN 111747737A CN 202010058227 A CN202010058227 A CN 202010058227A CN 111747737 A CN111747737 A CN 111747737A
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sintered magnet
ferrite sintered
ferrite
powder
mass
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CN111747737B (zh
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村川喜堂
室屋尚吾
森田启之
池田真规
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TDK Corp
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Abstract

铁氧体烧结磁体包含具有六方晶结构的M型Sr铁氧体作为主相,其中,含有La及Co,换算成B2O3的B的含量为0.005~0.9质量%,换算成ZnO的Zn的含量为0.01~1.2质量%,将La的原子浓度表示为[La],将Co的原子浓度表示为[Co],将Zn的原子浓度表示为[Zn]时,满足[La]/[Zn]≤0.79及[Co]/[Zn]≤0.67。

Description

铁氧体烧结磁体及具备其的旋转电气设备
技术领域
本发明涉及铁氧体烧结磁体及具备其的旋转电气设备。
背景技术
作为用于铁氧体烧结磁体的磁性材料,已知有具有六方晶系的结晶结构的Ba铁氧体、Sr铁氧体以及Ca铁氧体。近年来,这些材料中,作为马达等的旋转电气设备的磁体材料,主要是磁铅石型(M型)的Sr铁氧体备受注目。M型铁氧体以AFe12O19的通式所表示,M型Sr铁氧体在A位点包含Sr。
近年来,作为M型Sr铁氧体,从降低原料成本的观点来看,开发着不含有稀土元素及Co的原料,例如含有Na的原料。
现有技术文献
专利文献1:WO2013/125600号公报
专利文献2:WO2013/125601号公报
发明内容
但是,不含有稀土元素及Co的铁氧体烧结磁体中,要求残留磁通密度(Br)的更进一步的提高。本发明是鉴于上述情况而研发的,其目的在于,提供仅少量含有稀土元素及Co,且残留磁通密度优异的铁氧体烧结磁体及使用了其的旋转电气设备。
本发明提供一种铁氧体烧结磁体,包含具有六方晶结构的M型Sr铁氧体作为主相。该磁体含有La及Co,
换算成B2O3的B的含量为0.005~0.9质量%,
换算成ZnO的Zn的含量为0.01~1.2质量%,
将La的原子浓度表示为[La],将Co的原子浓度表示为[Co],将Zn的原子浓度表示为[Zn]时,满足[La]/[Zn]≤0.79及[Co]/[Zn]≤0.67。
在此,Si的换算为SiO2的含量可以为0.05~1.3质量%。
另外,Ca的换算为CaO的含量可以为0.15~2.0质量%。
另外,将Fe的原子浓度表示为[Fe],且将Sr的原子浓度表示为[Sr]时,
能够满足11.3≤[Fe]/[Sr]≤13.1。
另外,将B、Ca以及Zn的合计原子浓度表示为[B+Ca+Zn],将Si的原子浓度表示为[Si]时,能够满足0.92≤[B+Ca+Zn]/[Si]≤11.42。
另外,将Ca、Sr、Ba以及La的合计原子浓度表示为[Ca+Sr+Ba+La],
将Fe、Mn、Zn、Co、Cr以及Al的合计原子浓度表示为[Fe+Mn+Zn+Co+Cr+Al],
将Si及B的合计原子浓度表示为[Si+B],以及
表示Z为:Z=([Ca+Sr+Ba+La]-[Fe+Mn+Zn+Co+Cr+Al]/12)/[Si+B]时,
能够满足0.4≤Z≤3.6。
另外,能够含有换算成MnO为0.25~1.5质量%的Mn。
另外,能够含有换算成Cr2O3为0.03~0.2质量%的Cr。
本发明提供一种旋转电气设备,其具备所述的铁氧体烧结磁体。
根据本发明,能够得到仅少量含有稀土元素及Co且残留磁通密度优异的铁氧体烧结磁体。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的铁氧体烧结磁体的截面结构的一例的示意图;
图2是具有本发明的铁氧体烧结磁体的马达的截面示意图。
符号说明
4…晶粒,6…晶界相,100…铁氧体烧结磁体,200…马达。
具体实施方式
以下,根据需要,参照附图详细地说明本发明的优选的实施方式。
(铁氧体烧结磁体)
本发明的实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁体是至少含有Fe、Sr、B、Zn、La、Co的氧化物。
铁氧体烧结磁体中的换算成Fe2O3的Fe的含量,优选为80~95质量%,更优选为87~90质量%。通过设为上述范围,能够得到良好的磁特性。
另外,铁氧体烧结磁体中的换算成SrO的Sr的含量,优选为9~11质量%,更优选为9~10质量%。通过设为上述范围,得到良好的磁特性。
将铁氧体烧结磁体中的Fe的原子浓度表示为[Fe],将Sr的原子浓度表示为[Sr]时,优选满足11.3≤[Fe]/[Sr]≤13.1。下限也可以为11.9,也可以为12.1,上限也可以为12.9,也可以为12.7。化学计量组成为12,在其附近的组成呈现良好的特性。
铁氧体烧结磁体中的换算成B2O3的B的含量为0.005~0.9质量%。
铁氧体烧结磁体中的换算成ZnO的Zn的含量为0.01~1.2质量%。
当以上述的范围含有B及Zn时,不会大幅损坏矫顽力(HcJ),能够提高残留磁通密度(Br)。矩形比(Hk/HcJ)也容易变高。
认为可通过Zn选择性地置换具有朝向反平行方向的磁矩的Fe的位点,而使饱和磁化Br提高。可是,由于Zn置换,结晶磁各向异性下降,因此,矫顽力降低,但推测为通过均质地形成含有B的晶界相,能够发挥抑制晶粒间的磁相互作用的效果,抑制矫顽力的降低,并维持矫顽力。另外,通过含有B和Zn,机械强度提高,因此,推测Zn的一部分与B一起形成晶界相,但未必了解详情。
从进一步提高铁氧体烧结磁体的矫顽力及矩形比(Hk/HcJ)的观点来看,以换算为B2O3的B的含量计,优选为0.01质量%以上,更优选为0.02质量%以上。另外,从进一步提高铁氧体烧结磁体的残留磁通密度(Br)的观点来看,以换算为B2O3的B的含量计优选为0.4质量%以下,更优选为0.2质量%以下。
从进一步提高铁氧体烧结磁体的残留磁通密度(Br)的观点来看,以换算为ZnO的Zn的含量计,优选为0.08质量%以上,更优选为0.15质量%以上。另外,从进一步提高铁氧体烧结磁体的矫顽力及矩形比(Hk/HcJ)的观点来看,以换算为ZnO的Zn的含量计,优选为0.7质量%以下,更优选为0.4质量%以下。
铁氧体烧结磁体含有La及Co。将La的原子浓度表示为[La],将Co的原子浓度表示为[Co],将Zn的原子浓度表示为[Zn]时,铁氧体烧结磁体满足[La]/[Zn]≤0.79,及[Co]/[Zn]≤0.67。
通过含有该程度的少量的La及Co,可以不怎么提高成本,就能够实现较高的磁特性。
铁氧体烧结磁体实际上不含有La以外的稀土元素,但也可以含有。La以外的稀土元素是Sc、Y、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb以及Lu。含有的情况下的各成分的浓度能够为0.5质量%以下。
通过La及Co的量较少和不含有La以外的稀土元素,可降低成本。
铁氧体烧结磁体也可以含有Ni,但优选实际上不含有Ni。Ni的浓度能够设为0.02质量%以下。
在此,铁氧体烧结磁体实际上不含有元素A是指,铁氧体烧结磁体中的以换算为氧化物的元素A的浓度计低于0.005质量%。该以换算为氧化物的元素A的浓度计优选低于0.001质量%。
铁氧体烧结磁体能够含有Si(硅)。铁氧体烧结磁体中的换算成SiO2的Si的含量,优选为0.05~1.3质量%,更优选为0.2~0.5质量%,进一步优选为0.25~0.36质量%。具有SiO2过多时,Br降低,且过少时,HcJ降低的倾向,因此,通过将SiO2含量设为上述范围内,形成最佳的晶界相,容易得到较高的磁特性。
铁氧体烧结磁体能够含有Ca(钙)。铁氧体烧结磁体中的换算成CaO的Ca的含量,优选为0.15~2.0质量%,更优选为0.4~1.0质量%,进一步优选为0.47~0.62质量%。具有Ca过多时,HcJ降低,且较少时,Br降低的倾向,因此,通过将Ca的含量设为上述范围内,形成最佳的晶界相,且容易得到较高的磁特性。
另外,将铁氧体烧结磁体中的B、Ca以及Zn的合计原子浓度表示为[B+Ca+Zn],将Si的原子浓度表示为[Si]时,优选满足0.92≤[B+Ca+Zn]/[Si]≤11.42。
该式是认为形成晶界相的副成分的B、Ca、Zn的总摩尔的和除以认为形成晶界相的主成分的SiO2的摩尔的式。通过满足上述的范围,特别是形成最佳的晶界相,且容易得到较高的HcJ及Br。
另外,铁氧体烧结磁体能够含有选自Ba(钡)、Mn(锰)、Cr(铬)以及Al(铝)的一种以上。
另外,将Ca、Sr、Ba以及La的合计原子浓度表示为[Ca+Sr+Ba+La],
将Fe、Mn、Zn、Co、Cr以及Al的合计原子浓度表示为[Fe+Mn+Zn+Co+Cr+Al],
将Si及B的合计原子浓度表示为[Si+B],以及
表示Z为:Z=([Ca+Sr+Ba+La]-[Fe+Mn+Zn+Co+Cr+Al]/12)/[Si+B]时,
能够满足0.4≤Z≤3.6。
Z是表示晶界相的金属及半金属的组成比的式子,通过表示可置换铁氧体晶格的成分(分子)与表示不置换铁氧体晶格的成分(分母)的比的形式来表现,满足该式的范围时,能够得到特别良好的磁特性。在此,Mn、Zn、Co、Cr以及Al与Fe一起构成通式(2)所示的Sr铁氧体的B位点,Ba、Ca、及La与Sr一起构成通式(2)所示的Sr铁氧体的A位点,认为Si及B构成晶界相。
在Z为规定的范围内的情况下,正式烧成时,特别是Si和B成为中心并形成液相,可进行比以往更充分的致密化和粒生长的抑制及各成分的均匀的固溶。其结果,认为铁氧体烧结磁体发挥优异的磁特性和较高的机械强度。
另一方面,在Z过小的情况下,具有致密化不充分且残留磁通密度(Br)、矫顽力、机械强度降低的倾向。因此,铁氧体烧结磁体中的Z优选为0.5以上,更优选为0.9以上。另外,在Z过大的情况下,不能得到充分的粒生长抑制效果,处于粒径不均匀且残留磁通密度(Br)、矫顽力、机械强度、矩形比(Hk/HcJ)降低的倾向。因此,铁氧体烧结磁体中的Z优选为2.5以下,更优选为2.1以下。
铁氧体烧结磁体中的换算成MnO的Mn的含量,优选为0.25~1.5质量%。满足上述范围的Mn置换Fe的位点,由此,容易得到磁特性提高的效果,除此之外,推测具有促进Zn的固溶的作用等。
铁氧体烧结磁体中的换算成Cr2O3的Cr的含量,优选为0.03~0.2质量%。满足上述范围的Cr置换Fe的位点,由此,容易得到磁特性提高的效果,除此之外,推测具有促进Zn的固溶的作用等。
铁氧体烧结磁体不需要含有Ba,也可以含有Ba。以换算为BaO的Ba的含量计,优选为0~0.2质量%。通过满足上述范围,能够良好地保持磁特性(特别是残留磁通密度(Br))。
另外,铁氧体烧结磁体不需要含有Al,但也可以含有Al。以换算为Al2O3的Al的含量计,能够设为0~0.2质量%。
铁氧体烧结磁体不需要含有Na,优选实际上不含有Na。以换算为Na2O的Na的含量计,优选为0.005质量%以下。另外,优选为0.001质量%以下。Na的含量越少,成形性越优异。
铁氧体烧结磁体中,除了这些成分之外,也可以含有源自原料中包含的杂质或制造设备的不可避免的成分。作为这种成分,例如可举出Mg(镁)、Ti(钛)、Mo(钼)以及V(钒)等的各氧化物。它们的含量以合计优选为0.06质量%以下。
此外,铁氧体烧结磁体的各成分的含量能够通过荧光X射线分析及电感耦合等离子体发光分光分析(ICP分析)测定。
本发明的实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁体100如图1所示,作为主成分(主相),具有具备六方晶结构的M型Sr铁氧体的晶粒4和存在于晶粒4间的晶界相6。
M型Sr铁氧体的例子是以以下的式(2)表示的铁氧体。
SrFe12O19(2)
上式(2)的M型Sr铁氧体中的A位点的Sr及B位点的Fe也可以利用其它的元素,置换其一部分。
这种置换型的M型Sr铁氧体能够以例如以下的通式(3)表示。
Sr1-zRz(Fe12-xMx)yO19(3)
上式(3)中,x为例如0.01~0.5,y为例如0.7~1.2,z为例如0.01~0.49。
上式(3)中的R能够为选自由Ca、Ba以及La构成的组的至少一种。
上式(3)中的M能够为选自由Zn(锌)、Mn(锰)、Co(钴)、Al(铝)及Cr(铬)构成的组的1种以上的元素。
此外,上式(2)及(3)中的A位点及B位点的比率或氧(O)的比率表示实际上从上述范围稍微偏离的值,因此,也可以从上述的数值稍微偏离。
优选铁氧体烧结磁体中的M型Sr铁氧体以上式(3)表示,R至少包含La,M至少包含Zn及Co。
铁氧体烧结磁体中的占据总晶粒的M型Sr铁氧体相的质量比率优选为90%以上,更优选为95%以上,进一步优选为97%以上。这样,通过降低与M型Sr铁氧体相不同的晶相的质量比率,能够进一步提高磁特性。铁氧体烧结磁体的总晶粒中的M型Sr铁氧体相的质量比率(%)能够通过根据X射线衍射求得M型Sr铁氧体相的存在比率(摩尔%)来确认。M型Sr铁氧体相的存在比率通过对象试样的X射线衍射强度与将M型铁氧体、正铁氧体、红铁矿、尖晶石、W型铁氧体、各个粉末试样以预定比率混合的对照试样的X射线衍射强度进行比较而算出。
铁氧体烧结磁体中的晶粒4的平均粒径优选为2.0μm以下,更优选为1.0μm以下,进一步优选为0.3~1.0μm。晶粒的平均粒径超过2.0μm时,处于难以得到充分优异的磁特性的倾向。另一方面,晶粒的平均粒径低于0.3μm的铁氧体烧结磁体处于难以制造(量产)的倾向。
另外,优选铁氧体烧结磁体中包含的晶粒的粒径的不均越小越好。具体而言,该晶粒相对于晶粒整体的粒径为2.0μm以上的晶粒的个数基准的比例优选为2%以下,更优选为1%以下。通过提高晶粒的均匀性,将较高的磁特性进一步提高且也能够提高可靠性。
另外,优选晶粒的长宽比的个数平均值(平均长宽比)约为1.0。由此,能够制成具有充分高的磁特性的铁氧体烧结磁体。
铁氧体烧结磁体的晶粒的粒径能够以以下的顺序测定。将从铁氧体烧结磁体切出的试样薄片化并利用TEM观察。或,将该试样的截面进行镜面研磨且通过氢氟酸等的酸进行蚀刻处理,并利用SEM等观察。在包含数百个晶粒的SEM或TEM的观察图像中,将晶粒的轮廓明确化之后,进行图像处理等,并测定a面的粒径分布。本说明书中的“粒径”是指a面中的长径(a轴方向的直径)。另外,将穿过重心的最大径设为长径,将穿过重心的最少径设为短径时,长径相对于短径的比为“长宽比”。此外,也可以代替酸的蚀刻,而进行将试样加热而蚀刻的所谓的热蚀刻。
利用测定的个数基准的粒径分布,能够将晶粒的粒径的个数基准的平均值作为D50算出。
晶界相6将氧化物设为主成分。具体而言,作为氧化物,可举出具有选自B(硼)、Si(硅)、Ca(钙)、Sr(锶)、Ba(钡)、Fe(铁)、Mn(锰)、Zn(锌)、Co(钴)、La(镧)、Cr(铬)、及Al(铝)的至少一种的氧化物以及具有这些元素的2种以上的复合氧化物。作为这种氧化物,例如可举出:SiO2、CaO、BaO、Al2O3、ZnO、CoO、La2O3、Fe2O3、MnO、Cr2O3、B2O3等。另外,也可以包含硅酸玻璃。晶界相能够将氧化物含有90质量%以上,能够含有95质量%以上,能够含有97质量%以上。
铁氧体烧结磁体的截面中,晶界相6占据晶粒4及晶界相6的合计的面积比率能够设为1~5%。
铁氧体烧结磁体的残留磁通密度(Br)优选为420mT以上,更优选为440mT以上,进一步优选为450mT以上。铁氧体烧结磁体的矫顽力优选为260kA/m以上,更优选为270kA/m以上,进一步优选为280kA/m。另外,铁氧体烧结磁体的矩形比(Hk/HcJ)优选为85%以上,更优选为88%以上,进一步优选为90%以上。特别是铁氧体烧结磁体优选残留磁通密度(Br)为440mT以上,且矩形比(Hk/HcJ)为85%以上。通过具有这种优异的磁特性,能够进一步适用于马达及发电机。
另外,铁氧体烧结磁体能够具有充分的机械强度。机械强度高的铁氧体烧结磁体的处理容易,能够有效地防止搬运中的破裂及残缺,因此,产品成品率提高,且有助于降低成本。另外,机械强度高的铁氧体烧结磁体装入马达等的产品后也不会容易被破坏,因此,能够提高产品的可靠性。
铁氧体烧结磁体的形状没有特别限定,例如能够采取端面成为圆弧状那样弯曲的圆弧段形状(C型)形状、平板形状等各种形状。
铁氧体烧结磁体能够用作马达及发电机等旋转电气设备、扬声器·耳机用磁体、磁控管、MRI用磁场产生装置、CD-ROM用夹持器、配电器用传感器、ABS用传感器、燃料·燃油液位传感器、磁锁或隔离器等的磁场产生部件。另外,也能够将磁记录介质的磁性层用作通过蒸镀法或溅射法等形成时的靶材(粒料)。
(旋转电气设备)
接着,图2中表示本发明的一个实施方式的马达。马达200具备定子31和转子32。转子32具有轴36及转子铁芯37。本实施方式的马达200中,在定子31设置有作为永磁体的C字型的铁氧体烧结磁体100,在转子32的转子铁芯37设置有电磁体(线圈)。
铁氧体烧结磁体100的Br较高,因此,可减薄厚度,因此,能够充分缩小定子31与转子32的间隙。因此,马达200能够一边维持其性能一边小型化。
此外,也可以是铁氧体烧结磁体设置于转子,电磁体(线圈)设置于定子的马达。马达的形式没有特别限定。另外,旋转电气设备的其它的一例为具有转子及定子的发电机。在该情况下,铁氧体烧结磁体也能够设置于转子或定子。
(制造方法)
接着,说明铁氧体烧结磁体的制造方法的一例。铁氧体烧结磁体的制造方法具有配合工序、预烧工序、粉碎工序、磁场中成形工序及烧成工序。以下,说明各工序的详情。
配合工序是制备预烧用的混合粉末的工序。预烧用的混合粉末至少含有Fe及Sr。配合工序中,优选将含有Fe的粉末及含有Sr的粉末利用磨碎机或球磨机等混合1~20小时左右,并且进行粉碎处理,而得到混合粉末。
在铁氧体烧结磁体含有Fe、Sr以外的金属元素和/或半金属元素(Co、La、Si、Ca、Zn以及B等)的情况下,该金属元素和/或半金属元素也可以预先包含于含有Fe的粉末和/或含有Sr的粉末,但也可以在配合工序中进一步添加含有该金属元素和/或半金属元素的其它的粉末而得到预烧用的混合粉末。其它的粉末的例子是:含有Co的粉末、含有La的粉末、含有Si的粉末、含有Ca的粉末、含有Zn的粉末以及含有B的粉末。
含有各元素的粉末的例子是各元素的单体、氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、硝酸盐、硅酸盐、有机金属化合物。一个粉末也可以含有选自由Fe、Sr、Co、La、Si、Ca、Zn以及B构成的组的至少两个以上的元素,也可以一个粉末实际上仅含有上述组的一个元素。
含有Fe的粉末的例子是Fe2O3
含有Sr的粉末的例子是SrCO3、SrO。
含有Co的粉末的例子是CoO、Co3O4
含有La的粉末的例子是La2O3、La(OH)3
含有Si的粉末的例子是SiO2
含有Ca的粉末的例子是CaCO3、CaO。
含有Zn的粉末的例子是ZnO。
含有B的粉末的例子是B2O3、H3BO3
原料粉末的平均粒径没有特别限定,例如为0.1~2.0μm。
此外,也可以含有于成为最终产品的铁氧体烧结磁体中的Cr、Mn、Al、Ba等的少量添加元素能够预先包含于上述的粉末中。上述粉末中这些少量添加元素较少的情况下,根据需要,在配合工序中添加含有Cr的粉末(Cr2O3)、含有Mn的粉末(MnO)、含有Al的粉末(Al2O3)、含有Ba的粉末(BaO)等,能够得到预烧用的混合粉末。
混合粉末中的金属及半金属元素的组成与铁氧体烧结磁体的最终产品的其组成大致一致,但具有在制造工序中消失的元素,因此,不是精确地一致。
预烧工序是将配合工序中得到的混合粉末预烧的工序。预烧能够在空气中等的氧化性氛围中进行。预烧温度优选为850~1450℃,更优选为900~1350℃,进一步优选为1000~1300℃,预烧温度中的预烧时间优选为1秒钟~10小时,更优选为1分钟~3小时。预烧而得到的预烧物中的Sr铁氧体的含量优选为70质量%以上,更优选为90质量%以上。预烧物的一次粒径优选为10μm以下,更优选为3.0μm以下。
粉碎工序是将预烧物粉碎而得到铁氧体磁体的粉末的工序。粉碎工序也可以在一个阶段进行,也可以分成粗粉碎工序和微粉碎工序的两个阶段进行。预烧物通常为颗粒状或块状,因此,总之,优选进行粗粉碎工序。粗粉碎工序中,使用振动棒磨机等以干式进行粉碎,制备平均粒径为0.5~5.0μm的粉碎粉。将这样制备的粉碎粉使用湿式磨碎机、球磨机或喷磨机等以湿式粉碎,得到平均粒径0.08~5.0μm、优选为0.1~2.5μm、更优选为0.2~2μm的微粉末。
微粉末的BET法的比表面积优选为5~14m2/g,更优选为7~12m2/g。粉碎时间在使用例如湿式磨碎机的情况下为30分钟~20小时,在使用球磨机的情况下为5~50小时。这些时间优选通过粉碎方法适宜调整。
粉碎工序中,也可以相对于铁氧体磁体粉末,添加含有金属元素和/或半金属元素(Co、La、Si、Ca、Zn以及B等)的粉末,和/或含有Cr、Mn、Al、Ba等的少量添加元素的粉末。
为了提高铁氧体烧结磁体的磁取向度,除了上述的成分之外,优选在微粉碎工序中添加多元醇。多元醇的添加量相对于添加对象物为0.05~5.0质量%,优选为0.1~3.0质量%,更优选为0.1~2.0质量%。此外,添加的多元醇在磁场中成形工序后的烧成工序进行热分解而除去。
磁场中成形工序是将粉碎工序中得到的微粉末在磁场中成形而制作成形体的工序。磁场中成形工序也能够通过干式成形或湿式成形的任一方法进行。从提高磁取向度的观点来看,优选为湿式成形。在进行湿式成形的情况下,也可以通过湿式进行微粉碎工序,将得到的浆料调整成预定的浓度,并设为湿式成形用浆料。浆料的浓缩能够利用离心分离或压滤机等进行。
湿式成形用浆料中中的微粉末的含量优选为30~85质量%。作为浆料的分散介质,能够使用水或非水系溶剂。湿式成形用浆料中,除了水之外,也可以添加葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖酸盐或山梨糖醇等的表面活性剂。使用这种湿式成形用浆料进行磁场中成形。成形压力为例如0.1~0.5吨/cm2,施加磁场为例如5~15kOe。
烧成工序是将成形体烧成而得到烧结体的工序。烧成工序通常在大气中等的氧化性氛围中进行。烧成温度优选为1050~1300℃,更优选为1150~1250℃。烧成温度中的烧成时间优选为0.5~3小时。通过以上的工序,能够得到烧结体即铁氧体烧结磁体。此外,本发明的铁氧体烧结磁体的制造方法不限定于上述的方法。
以上,说明了本发明的优选的实施方式,但本发明的铁氧体烧结磁体及马达不限定于上述情况。例如,铁氧体烧结磁体的形状不限定于图1的形状,能够适宜变更为适于上述的各用途的形状。
实施例
以下,参照实施例及比较例更详细地说明本发明的内容,但本发明不限定于这些实施例。
(铁氧体烧结磁体的制作)
首先,准备以下的初始原料。
·Fe2O3粉末(一次粒径:0.3μm)
·SrCO3粉末(一次粒径:2μm)
·SiO2粉末(一次粒径:0.01μm)
·CaCO3粉末
·ZnO粉末
·B2O3粉末
·Co3O4粉末
·La2O3粉末
[实施例1]
将Fe2O3粉末1000g、SrCO3粉末161g、CaCO3粉末12.1g、SiO2粉末4.33g、ZnO粉末3.5g、Co3O4粉末0.04g、La2O3粉末0.25g以及B2O3粉末0.19g使用湿式磨碎机一边粉碎一边混合,进行干燥及制造颗粒。将这样得到的粉末在大气中,以1250℃烧成1小时,得到颗粒状的预烧物。使用干式振动棒磨机,将该预烧物粗粉碎,制备BET法的比表面积为1m2/g的粉末。
向粗粉碎的粉末200g中添加预定量的山梨糖醇,使用球磨机进行24小时的湿式粉碎,得到浆料。山梨糖醇的添加量以粗粉碎的粉末的质量为基准,设为0.25质量%。粉碎后的微粉末的比表面积为8~10m2/g。
然后,调整浆料的固体成分浓度,使用湿式磁场成形机在12kOe的施加磁场中进行成形,得到成形体。制作3个这种成形体。将这些成形体在大气中,分别以1180℃、1195℃、1210℃烧成,得到圆柱形状的铁氧体烧结磁体(实施例1)。
[实施例2~10,比较例1,2]
除了改变B2O3粉末的添加量以外,与实施例1一样,得到实施例2~10及比较例1、2的磁体。
[实施例11~19,比较例3,4]
除了改变ZnO粉末的添加量及Co3O4粉末及La2O3粉末的添加量以外,与实施例5一样,得到实施例11~19及比较例3、4的磁体。
[实施例21~30]
除了改变SiO2粉末的添加量及Co3O4粉末及La2O3粉末的添加量以外,与实施例5一样,得到实施例21~30的磁体。
[实施例31~39]
除了改变CaO粉末的添加量及Co3O4粉末及La2O3粉末的添加量以外,与实施例5一样,得到实施例31~39的磁体。
[实施例41~50]
除了改变Fe2O3粉末和SrCO3粉末的添加比率,且改变Co3O4粉末及La2O3粉末的添加量以外,与实施例5一样,得到实施例41~50的磁体。
[实施例51~54]
除了通过选择Cr含量较少的原料品种,而减少Cr的添加量以外,与实施例5一样,得到实施例51的磁体。除了通过Cr2O3粉末的添加增加Cr的添加量以外,与实施例5一样,得到实施例52的磁体。
除了通过选择Mn含量少的原料品种而减少Mn的添加量以外,与实施例5一样,得到实施例53的磁体。除了通过MnO粉末的添加,而增加Mn的添加量以外,与实施例5一样,得到实施例54的磁体。
(铁氧体烧结磁体的评价)
<组成分析>
通过电感耦合等离子体发光分光分析(ICP分析)测定制作的各实施例及各比较例的铁氧体烧结磁体的组成。铁氧体烧结磁体除了检测Fe、Sr、Co、La、Si、Ca、Zn、B等之外,还检测源自初始原料中包含的杂质的元素(Ba、Al、Mn、Cr等)。
表1~6中表示,将检测的Fe、Sr、Ba、Al、Si、Ca、Mn、Zn、Cr、Na、B、La及Co分别利用Fe2O3、SrO、BaO、Al2O3、SiO2、CaO、MnO、ZnO、Cr2O3、Na2O、B2O3、La2O3以及CoO换算时的含量。它们的含量是以铁氧体烧结磁体整体为基准的值(质量%)。
另外,表1~6中表示将Fe的原子浓度表示为[Fe],将Sr的原子浓度表示为[Sr]时的[Fe]/[Sr];将B、Ca以及Zn的合计原子浓度表示为[B+Ca+Zn],将Si的原子浓度表示为[Si]时的[B+Ca+Zn]/[Si];及将Ca、Sr、La以及Ba的合计原子浓度设为[Ca+Sr+Ba+La],将Fe、Mn、Zn、Co、Cr以及Al的合计原子浓度设为[Fe+Mn+Zn+Co+Cr+Al]时的Z=([Ca+Sr+Ba+La]-[Fe+Mn+Zn+Co+Cr+Al]/12)/[Si+B]。
<磁特性的评价>
加工制作的圆柱形状的铁氧体烧结磁体的上下表面后,使用最大施加磁场25kOe的B-H示踪剂测定20℃下的磁特性。测定中,求得残留磁通密度(Br)及矫顽力(HcJ),并且测定成为残留磁通密度(Br)的90%时的外部磁场强度(Hk),基于其求得矩形比(Hk/HcJ)(%)。各实施例及比较例中,将以烧成温度1180℃、1195℃及1210℃分别制作的铁氧体烧结磁体中、残留磁通密度(Br)与矩形比(Hk/HcJ)的平衡最良好的以1195℃制作的铁氧体烧结磁体的磁特性在表1~6中表示。
【表1】
Figure BDA0002373510530000151
【表2】
Figure BDA0002373510530000161
【表3】
Figure BDA0002373510530000171
【表4】
Figure BDA0002373510530000181
【表5】
Figure BDA0002373510530000191
【表6】
Figure BDA0002373510530000201
如表1~6所示,实施例的铁氧体烧结磁体的残留磁通密度(Br)达到420mT以上。另外,矫顽力(HcJ)也达到260kA/m以上,矩形比(Hk/HcJ)也达到85%以上。另外,强度也显示为一定以上。即,确认到本发明的铁氧体烧结磁体通过使B及Zn的含量为特定的范围内,能够发挥优异的磁特性。

Claims (9)

1.一种铁氧体烧结磁体,包含具有六方晶结构的M型Sr铁氧体作为主相,其中,
含有La及Co,
换算成B2O3的B的含量为0.005~0.9质量%,
换算成ZnO的Zn的含量为0.01~1.2质量%,
将La的原子浓度表示为[La],将Co的原子浓度表示为[Co],将Zn的原子浓度表示为[Zn]时,满足[La]/[Zn]≤0.79及[Co]/[Zn]≤0.67。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁氧体烧结磁体,其中,
换算成SiO2的Si的含量为0.05~1.3质量%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的铁氧体烧结磁体,其中,
换算成CaO的Ca的含量为0.15~2.0质量%。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的铁氧体烧结磁体,其中,
将Fe的原子浓度表示为[Fe],且将Sr的原子浓度表示为[Sr]时,
满足11.3≤[Fe]/[Sr]≤13.1。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的铁氧体烧结磁体,其中,
将B、Ca以及Zn的合计原子浓度表示为[B+Ca+Zn],将Si的原子浓度表示为[Si]时,
满足0.92≤[B+Ca+Zn]/[Si]≤11.42。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的铁氧体烧结磁体,其中,
将Ca、Sr、Ba以及La的合计原子浓度表示为[Ca+Sr+Ba+La],
将Fe、Mn、Zn、Co、Cr以及Al的合计原子浓度表示为[Fe+Mn+Zn+Co+Cr+Al],
将Si及B的合计原子浓度表示为[Si+B],以及
表示Z为:Z=([Ca+Sr+Ba+La]-[Fe+Mn+Zn+Co+Cr+Al]/12)/[Si+B]时,
满足0.4≤Z≤3.6。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的铁氧体烧结磁体,其中,
将Mn以MnO换算含有0.25~1.5质量%。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的铁氧体烧结磁体,其中,
将Cr以Cr2O3换算含有0.03~0.2质量%。
9.一种旋转电气设备,其中,
具备权利要求1~8中任一项所述的铁氧体烧结磁体。
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