CN111747617A

CN111747617A - Method for treating pond blue algae bloom

Info

Publication number: CN111747617A
Application number: CN202010704612.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 聂志娟; 徐钢春; 孙毅; 邵乃麟; 徐跑
Original assignee: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Current assignee: Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Priority date: 2020-07-21
Filing date: 2020-07-21
Publication date: 2020-10-09

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of in-situ remediation of aquaculture water, and discloses a method for treating pond cyanobacterial bloom, which comprises the following steps: simply cleaning, and removing part of blue algae clusters in the pond; chemical treatment, namely splashing copper sulfate into the pond to treat algae; detoxify and change the bottom, apply potassium peroxydisulfate to sterilize in the pond; and (4) ecological restoration, namely applying chlorella and EM composite microbial inoculum to the pond for regulation and control. The invention provides a method for treating pond cyanobacterial bloom, which effectively combines physical chemistry and biology through physical salvage, copper sulfate algae treatment, potassium hydrogen persulfate disinfection and bottom improvement, EM bacteria and chlorella bioremediation, and the cyanobacterial bloom can be treated within 5-7 days. The method is ecological, environment-friendly, simple and efficient, and can effectively control the blue algae bloom in the pond without rebounding and effectively improve the water quality index. The chemical treatment of the invention uses less copper ion dosage, has little influence on environment and does not influence the normal food intake of fishes.

Description

Method for treating pond blue algae bloom

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of in-situ remediation of aquaculture water, and particularly relates to a method for treating blue algae blooms in a pond.

Background

At present, blue-green algae is the simplest and most original algae organism, called blue-green algae, is widely distributed in water environments all over the world, particularly survives and breeds in a large amount in water with rich organic matters and high pH value, and is easy to form the phenomenon of blue-green algae bloom in high-temperature and strong-light seasons. Blue algae is also a large-scale prokaryotic microorganism capable of carrying out oxygen production photosynthesis, and some species have nitrogen fixation capacity, and can utilize nitrogen in the air to synthesize nitrogen fertilizer required by the blue algae, so that the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio in a water body is changed, and the proportion of nutrient elements in the water body is unbalanced. The blue algae has very strong reproductive capacity, the water body has rich and excessive nutrition, and can cause a large amount of blue algae to burst to form water bloom when being eutrophicated, and the surface of the water bloom has a special colloidal outer membrane which is not easy to be digested by the organisms in the water area, so that a plurality of organisms in the water area are difficult to eliminate, the growth and the reproduction of beneficial plankton are inhibited, the original healthy ecological system is damaged, and the diversity of organism species is reduced. Meanwhile, when the blue algae suddenly dies or ages, a large amount of blue algae toxins can be generated, water culture organisms are damaged, and even a large amount of blue algae die. Blue algae death and deposition at the bottom increase oxygen consumption and accelerate water quality deterioration, so that the water enters vicious circle.

The blue-green algae has great harm, causes high academic and social attention, and aims at solving the problem of serious ecological environment damage caused by blue-green algae outbreak, and in recent years, a great deal of manpower, financial resources and energy are invested by national governments and scientific research workers. The blue algae treatment is generally considered to be required to be early prevention, early discovery and early treatment, and experts also propose treatment methods adopted for treating the blue algae without damaging the environmental properties of water areas, which mainly comprise: 1. the algae mud is simply buried, composted or burned together with the municipal sludge by a simple physical salvage method, the algae mud and the municipal sludge are simply buried, composted or burned, the method has large workload, the treatment is not thorough, and a large amount of land resources are wasted; 2. the blue algae is treated by a chemical method, blue algae living dense areas are sprayed with algicides such as copper sulfate, complex copper, chlorine dioxide, diuron, prometryn, hydrogen peroxide, erythromycin, bleaching powder, cinnamaldehyde and the like, the water quality is also influenced while algae are killed, most importantly, blue algae inhibition is temporary, and the blue algae can grow explosively again in a short time; 3. the biological ingestion prevention is characterized in that the production of blue algae is controlled by utilizing the principle of food chain, filter-feeding fishes such as silver carps can be cultured in water areas to eat the blue algae under normal conditions, the number of the blue algae is reduced by eating the survival stress of the blue algae, and the biological ingestion prevention is extremely limited in the actual culture environment.

The problem of cyanobacterial bloom is also caused in pond culture water bodies while the culture yield is continuously and sharply increased, the prevention and treatment of cyanobacterial in the fresh water pond culture water bodies is a very strong work of a technical system, an ecological transformation method is implemented pertinently on the principle of not influencing the ecological environment, and the proper treatment of the cyanobacterial phenomenon can be more beneficial to the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

(1) the existing physical treatment method has large workload, incomplete treatment and waste of a large amount of land resources;

(2) the existing pure chemical treatment method has large using amount, is easy to pollute water, and has temporary effect of inhibiting blue algae;

(3) the existing biological method has limited prevention effect.

The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is:

(1) the labor cost is increased year by year, the time consumption is too long, the land resources are short, and other environmental pollution can be brought;

(2) avoid the recurrence of blue algae. The residues of chemical substances in water bodies and animals and plants are reduced, and the dosage of the chemical substances needs to kill blue algae as much as possible and simultaneously avoid heavy metal poisoning of fishes;

(3) excessive silver carps, bighead carps and other miscellaneous fishes are not suitable for intensive culture ponds.

The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows:

(1) the labor cost is reduced, the treatment time is shortened, and other environmental pollution is avoided;

(2) the blue algae treatment effect is remarkable, and the blue algae can be effectively treated without damaging water and aquatic organisms;

(3) is suitable for various traditional culture ponds, and improves the culture yield and income.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for treating blue algae bloom in a pond.

The invention is realized in such a way that a method for treating blue algae water bloom in a pond comprises the following steps:

step one, simply cleaning, and removing part of blue algae clusters in the pond;

step two, chemical treatment, namely splashing copper sulfate for controlling algae in the pond;

step three, detoxification and bottom improvement, and potassium hydrogen persulfate is applied to the pond for disinfection;

and step four, ecological restoration, namely applying chlorella and EM composite microbial inoculum to the pond for regulation and control.

Further, in the first step, the removing part of the cyanobacterial clusters comprises: at the lower air inlet, the blue algae blocks at the surface layer part are fished out manually or pumped out by a small water pump.

Further, in the second step, the copper sulfate splashing concentration is 0.4-0.6 ppm. And starting the aerator after splashing in the morning on fine days.

Further, in the third step, the application amount of the potassium hydrogen persulfate is 100-300 g per mu. Blue algae is dead or dormant and basically sinks into the water bottom, and the potassium hydrogen persulfate improves the bottom material of the pool.

Further, in step four, the applying chlorella to the pond comprises:

the chlorella is selected from active chlorella species;

the addition amount of the chlorella is 10-15L per mu, and the addition concentration of the chlorella is more than 7 times of 10;

the chlorella adding method comprises the following steps: the medicine is continuously added for 3 times every other day, and is periodically added for 4-5L per mu every 15 days in the later period. Supplementing beneficial live algae, ensuring the absolute advantages of the chlorella in water, and inhibiting the sudden expansion and outbreak of the blue algae.

Further, in the fourth step, the applying the EM composite microbial inoculum to the pond comprises:

the EM compound microbial inoculum is used according to 400-600 g per mu, continuously added for 3 times every 2 days, and periodically used according to the same dosage every 15 days in the later period; the EM composite bacteria are biological water regulating preparations with activity, which are prepared by fermenting the invention bacteria of the jabeijia photoffir. And (3) degrading the ammonia nitrogen content of the water body, decomposing organic matters in the water body, adjusting the PH of the water body and cutting off the condition for generating the blue algae by using the EM bacteria.

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention provides a method for treating pond cyanobacterial bloom, which effectively treats the cyanobacterial bloom within 5-7 days by physical salvage, copper sulfate algae treatment, oxone disinfection and bottom improvement, EM bacteria and chlorella bioremediation and effective combination of physical, chemical and biological. The method is ecological, environment-friendly, simple and efficient, and can effectively control the blue algae bloom in the pond without rebounding and effectively improve the water quality index.

The dosage of copper ions used in the chemical treatment is small, the influence on the environment is small, and the normal food intake of fishes is not influenced; the potassium hydrogen persulfate effectively detoxifies and improves the bottom in time; the invention has the advantages of bioremediation, effective reconstruction of an ecological system and balance of algae and bacteria by adding beneficial bacteria and algae with strong activity. The method has short treatment period, one week of effective inhibition of the blue algae and no occurrence of the blue algae bloom outbreak at the later stage.

The method is suitable for the pond where the blue algae explodes to form the bloom, the blue algae bloom in the pond is scientifically and reasonably treated, the blue algae bloom in the pond is effectively controlled, the water quality index is high, and the fish ingestion is obviously improved.

The technical effect or experimental effect of comparison comprises the following steps:

in order to show the actual treatment effect of the invention, two ponds which have blue algae bloom and are used for culturing the micropterus salmoides with the same specification and the size of the ponds is the same and is 2.5 mu are selected, and different blue algae treatment schemes are respectively carried out. See the detailed description.

After the manual fishing, the copper sulfate sprinkling, the detoxification and the bottom changing, the blue algae amount in the water body of the first scheme and the second scheme is obviously reduced, but the blue algae in the water body of the first scheme appears again in large quantity in the fifth day to form visible blue algae bloom; in the second scheme, the cyanobacterial bloom is effectively controlled, the water surface is clean, and a large amount of cyanobacterial does not appear in the fifth day. When the basic water quality indexes of the two culture ponds are measured, the PH is obviously reduced in the scheme II, and the water quality indexes such as dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like are superior to those of the pond in the scheme I.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for treating cyanobacterial bloom in a pond provided by the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Micropterus salmoides aquaculture pond with cyanobacterial bloom in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a micropterus salmoides cultivation pond treated by the scheme two treatment method for 5 days according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a micropterus salmoides cultivation pond with a treatment method of a scheme for 5 days according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of water quality index detection display before and after the first and second embodiments of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for treating pond cyanobacterial bloom, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the method for treating cyanobacterial bloom in a pond provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s101, simply cleaning, and removing part of blue algae clusters in the pond;

s102, chemical treatment, namely splashing copper sulfate for controlling algae in the pond;

s103, detoxifying and improving the bottom, and applying potassium hydrogen persulfate to the pond for disinfection;

s104, performing ecological restoration, and applying chlorella and EM composite microbial inoculum to the pond for regulation and control.

In step S101, the removing of a part of the cyanobacterial clusters provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: at the lower air inlet, the blue algae blocks at the surface layer part are fished out manually or pumped out by a small water pump. In order to avoid bringing other environmental pollution, the removed blue algae are discharged to a closed pond for culturing filter-feeding fishes and mussels such as silver carps and the like, and meanwhile, aquatic plants are purified. Thus avoiding the outbreak of the blue algae in other water areas and promoting the growth of aquatic animals and plants.

Step S102, the copper sulfate splashing concentration provided by the embodiment of the invention is 0.4-0.6 ppm. The aerator is started by splashing in the morning on a sunny day.

In step S103, the application amount of the oxone provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 100 g to 300 g per mu.

Step S104, the application of chlorella to the pond provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

the chlorella is selected from active chlorella species;

the chlorella adding method comprises the following steps: the administration is continued every other day for 6 days.

Step S104, the applying of the EM composite microbial inoculum to the pond provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

using the EM composite microbial inoculum with 400-600 g per mu; the EM composite bacteria are biological water regulating preparations with activity, which are prepared by fermenting the invention bacteria of the jabeijia photoffir. The EM bacteria are adopted to soak the sand gravel and then are scattered into the pond, so that the EM bacteria can reach the bottom of the pond as soon as possible.

The technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.

Example (b):

two ponds which have the same size and are 2.5 mu and are used for culturing the micropterus salmoides with the same specification and generate the cyanobacterial bloom are selected and respectively subjected to different cyanobacterial treatment schemes.

The first scheme is as follows: 1. at the lower air outlet, the blue algae blocks at the surface layer part are fished off manually or pumped away by a small water pump; 2. 0.5ppm copper sulfate is mainly sprinkled in the lower air inlet for treating algae, 250 g potassium hydrogen persulfate is applied for detoxification and bottom improvement.

Scheme II: 1. at the lower air outlet, the blue algae blocks at the surface layer part are fished off manually or pumped away by a small water pump; 2. 0.5ppm of copper sulfate is mainly sprayed in a lower air outlet for treating algae, and 250 g of potassium hydrogen persulfate is applied for detoxification and bottom improvement; 3. every other day, 20L of chlorella and 1250 g of EM composite microbial inoculum are added, the algae seeds are active, the concentration is more than 7 th power of 10, and the EM composite microbial inoculum is an active biological water regulating preparation which is prepared by adopting the invention bacteria of the jacobia japonica and fermenting; 4. continuously adding 10L of Chlorella at intervals of 1 day, and continuously adding the amount every other day for 6 days in sunny days.

Determination of main water quality index of culture pond (temperature T24.7 degree)

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a micropterus salmoides aquaculture pond on day 5 of the treatment method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a micropterus salmoides culture pond on day 5 of the treatment method according to the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of the water quality index measurements on day 5 after the first and second embodiments of the present invention and before the first and second embodiments of the present invention.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The method for treating the pond cyanobacteria bloom is characterized by comprising the following steps:

removing part of blue algae clusters in the pond;

spraying copper sulfate to the pond to control algae;

applying potassium hydrogen persulfate to the pond for disinfection;

and applying chlorella and EM composite microbial inoculum to the pond for regulation and control.

2. The method for treating cyanobacterial bloom in ponds according to claim 1, wherein the removing part of cyanobacterial clusters comprises: at the lower air inlet, the blue algae blocks at the surface layer part are fished out manually or pumped out by a small water pump.

3. The method for treating the cyanobacterial bloom in the pond of claim 1, wherein the copper sulfate splashing concentration is 0.4-0.6 ppm.

4. The method for treating the cyanobacterial bloom in the pond of claim 1, wherein the application amount of the potassium hydrogen persulfate is 100 g to 300 g per mu.

5. The method for treating cyanobacterial bloom in a pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of applying chlorella in the pond comprises:

the chlorella is selected from active algae species;

the chlorella adding method comprises the following steps: the medicine is continuously added for 3 times every other day, and is periodically added for 4-5L per mu every 15 days in the later period.

6. The method for treating the cyanobacterial bloom in the pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, 400 grams of EM composite microbial inoculum is continuously added into the pond for 600 grams per acre for 3 times every two days, and the EM composite microbial inoculum is periodically used at the same dosage every 15 days in the later period.