CN101591040A - Method for preventing and controlling water bloom pollution organisms in eutrophicated water body - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling water bloom pollution organisms in eutrophicated water body Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method for preventing and controlling water bloom pollution organisms in eutrophicated water body.This method comprises the steps, according to water body hydrologic regime and wawter bloom situation, water body is sprayed the natural phant algae-inhibiting agent, described natural phant algae-inhibiting agent component and quality percentage composition are: algae-inhibiting agent is Herba Agrimoniae water logging extract 60%-80%, vitamins C 10-20%, amino acid 5-10%, citric acid 5-20%.The used biological algae-inhibiting agent of the present invention is a natural plant extracts, and is biodegradable in a short time, and experiment shows that its transformation period is about seven days, therefore can not bring secondary pollution to environment, also do not have the later stage handling problems; And biological algae-inhibiting agent of the present invention is cheap, and only dozens of yuan is one kilogram, suitable penetration and promotion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water bloom pollution environmental improvement field, be applied to the wawter bloom control of fresh water eutrophication water and the restoration of the ecosystem of water body, particularly, relate to a kind of method for preventing and controlling water bloom pollution organisms in eutrophicated water body.
Background technology
In recent years because industrialized development, human production activity's continuous aggravation, large amount of organic constantly enters lake, river and constantly accumulation therein, causes lake and river to produce the eutrophication phenomenon.Increasingly sharpening of body eutrophication causes algal bloom, forms the water bloom pollution that is on the rise." wawter bloom " phenomenon frequently takes place, and greatly reduces the water body quality, has destroyed the water ecosystem balance, has influenced aquaculture etc., has seriously hindered the utilization of these water bodys as resource, has caused environment and economic heavy losses.Even more serious is that the algae of formation wawter bloom is blue-green algae especially, can discharge multiple algae toxin after frustule breaks.These algae toxin are harmful to HUMAN HEALTH, and wherein Microcystin is an intensive liver cancer promotor.The wildlife that the algae toxin causes, poultry and livestock etc. are poisoned or the dead existing many reports of incident.Therefore, control eutrophic water algal grown, improvement water bloom pollution become the urgent task that urgent need is carried out.
At present, physics, chemistry, ecological method all are applied in to some extent administers body eutrophication and control algae aspect, but the limitation of self is arranged on effect and ecological safety separately.At present both at home and abroad the wawter bloom prophylactico-therapeutic measures mainly concentrates on and prevents human various unreasonable activities in the research, reduces and cuts off nutritive salt source and passage, and initiatively take aspect such as various ecological coordination techniques.Domestic is inchoate in recent years to eutrophication and wawter bloom Prevention Technique.The domestic method that adopts is concluded mainly and is comprised: nutraceutical inflows such as (1) control nitrogen, phosphorus; (2) physical method is administered the control of (3) chemical process: the control of (4) ecological method; (5) biological method control.
But aspect control waters algal grown, improvement waters eutrophication, physical method and chemical process have significant limitation.Ecological in addition method is planted aquatic wetland plant method and is reduced nitrogen phosphorus etc., and engineering is huge, and is consuming time longer.Physical method has significant limitation, is other place and the obvious suitable height of cost are arrived in pollution transportation, should not advocate on a large scale.Chemical process is utilized algicides such as copper sulfate, dioxide peroxide, makes the matter worse sometimes, and can make increases the novel chemical substance that influences healthy fish in the water, can bring secondary pollution, should not advocate; Ecological method is introduced suitable other biological, is a kind of effective ways of long-term prevention.But also to administer in conjunction with short-term, and have the problem of introducing biomass: the bioenergy of introducing how much quantity at a certain specific bodies of water makes water ecosystem be unlikely to destroyed, and excessive introducing other biological has water ecosystem itself and seriously influences.
Biological control method then has the efficient height, cost is low and remarkable advantage such as non-secondary pollution, and is perfectly in harmony with the harmony between man and nature development that the world today advocates, so this technology also becomes the direction of current water surrounding Study on Technology exploitation.The technology of using on Chinese market at present has:
1, original position physics, biology, ecological reestablishment (BIOSS systems technology): this technology Japan by merit in the Ying Weiyan company pick in Japanese publication " control of aquatic animal transmissible disease and pool water pollution are prevented and treated ", the patent No.: 2047353.They adopt the microorganism water technology, decompose a large amount of nutritive ingredients in the water source by microorganism, make water quality oligotrophication, thereby " biologic chain " that the blocking-up blue-green algae produces.
Reference: Ding Yongliang, Chen Yuhua, Zhu Baoyuan, Zhao Jinhua, 2007. original position physics, biology, ecological reestablishment (BIOSS systems technology) are in the application of greenery patches, Yanzhong, Shanghai City landscape lake. Modern Fishery information, 22 (7): 3-8.
This technology mainly comprises three contents: 1. microbe carrier, be called " biological canopy " or " biological bag ", and microorganism is fixedly attached on the carrier, thereby purifies water by microorganism digestion and oxygenolysis water pollutant; 2. use the microbial nutrition agent, excite " original inhabitants " microbial growth in the polluted source, thereby strengthen capacity of decomposition; 3. use Jet-flow oxygen increasing machine under water,, help the polyP bacteria breeding, absorb the phosphorus in the sodified water to bottom oxygen therapy.
Not enough and the limitation that this technology exists: 1. introduced external microorganism, Biosafety hidden danger is arranged; 2. use under water oxygenating machine for the bigger waters of area (as Taihu Lake and reservoir area of Three Gorges etc.) performance difficulty, and unrealistic, and this technology only is applicable to small water, as pool, park landscape water etc.
2, bio-stimulant bioremediation technology:
This technology uses bio-stimulant that sewage is handled.A kind of bio-stimulant is by produced in USA, and the continent sale can scientific ﹠ technical corporation of nation be acted on behalf of in Taiwan.Another kind is the short liquid (Bio-energizer is called for short BE) of giving birth to of the water body purification of the Probiotic Solutions of another company of U.S. development.Two kinds of product main components are approaching, mainly contain the organic composite nutrient things more than 50 kinds such as amino acid, urea, humic acid, enzyme, VITAMIN, yeast extract paste, do not contain microorganism.Their cardinal principle is also identical: product provides the required ferment of aerobic microbiological, oxygen part and vegetative activity stimulant, promotes aerobic microbiological digestion dissemination, quickens to remove the organic pollutant in the sewage, promotes the water body dissolved oxygen.
Reference: Tang Yubin, Hao Yongsheng, Lu Zhu, the bio-stimulant reparation of the auspicious .2003. landscape water body of Zhao Qing. urban environment and urban ecology .16 (4): 37-39; Hao Yongsheng, Xie Xi, Tang Yubin, Lu Zhu .2004.
The weak point of this technical scheme is: its product also can promote algae photosynthesis when promoting aerobic microbiological, though can not form wawter bloom, can make algal grown surpass contrast, causes water transparency to reduce.And effective time is slow, takes usually more than ten days.
3, fermentation straw extracting solution (BFA) algal control: product is that the strong Microbial Technics Ltd in Shanghai produces, form through biological fermentation by discarded rice straw, the biochemical complex liquid that contains the compositions such as amino acid, polysaccharide, poly-basic organic acid and VITAMIN of phenolic hydroxyl group, carboxyl and methoxyl group isoreactivity group, in order to improve microbic activity, strengthen effect to the polluted-water biological restoration.
The defective and the deficiency of this technical scheme are: this method only is applicable to the shallow-layer water body at present, and is then not too suitable for the large-scale waters in Yangtze River Gorges etc.; In addition, its algal control long-time effect for actual natural water is still waiting to confirm; The algal control effect of this fermented liquid has specificity, and anabena and beads algae are had remarkable inhibition effect, and to the inhibition DeGrain of chlorella; Experiment shows that the fermented liquid after the sterilization does not have effect of algae restraint, shows it is that wherein microorganism plays main algal control effect.So apply it in the natural water and also can introduce external microorganism, have Biosafety hidden danger.The biological algae-inhibiting agent of existing a lot of commercially available and patented product (as, the auspicious water scenery gardening in last Hailin company limited patented product biology algae-inhibiting agent) all contain bacterium, same problems of ecological security is arranged.
Reference: Fang Yifeng, Lin Fengkai, Lu Zhu. biochemical fulvic acid is to the strengthening effect of polluted-water biological restoration; Wu Xiaoping, the research of the quiet .2006. fermentation of Zhang Ping straw algal control mechanism. ecotope, 15:(1): 20-22.
4, barley-straw control algae:
Document source: Wu Weizhong, Rui Kejian, Liu Yong .2005. barley-straw control algae progress. ecotope .14 (6): 972-975; Andrew S.Ball, Matthew Williams, David Vincent, James Robinson.2001.Algal growth control bya bariey straw extract.Bioresource Technology 77:177-181.
The algal control mechanism more complicated of this scheme is not also thoroughly understood fully at present.It is a kind of environmental friendliness, ecological safety, economic and practical effective control algae material.But it in actual applications weak point be: it is attractive in appearance to influence water body, hinders the part amusement function of water body; And after throwing in certain hour (being generally the 6-12 month), barley-straw just no longer has the algal control effect; And its later stage handling problems there is not good solution route yet.
5, biotechnological formulation H:, form by fermentations such as wood chip, wheat brans by Tsing-Hua University's exploitation.Have certain effect of algae restraint, but a little less than the effect; And certain colourity is arranged, it is attractive in appearance to influence water colour.
6, plant milk extract algal control: be that a class utilizes plant allelochemicals to suppress the method for algal grown.A kind of is directly to throw in aquatic vegetable material, as the Hu Hongying of Tsing-Hua University, and Li Fengmin, the patent that the Shen is joyous is pulverized the back with waterplant and is dropped into water body, kills algae.Weak point is the same with barley-straw, influence attractive in appearance, and the later stage dispose trouble.Another kind is that the algal control material is extracted from plant, and the medicament after as TanJin Agricultural College coptis root being boiled is used for algal control, has color problem, can make the water flavescence.
7, biochemical composite algicide: like that by three Liu Guangzhao of company invents, adopt natural algal control material (extracting), add certain chemical substance and microorganism species, be made into holy A-3 and cushion comprehensive algicide by natural crop.The electrolysis state that it can suitably change in the growth of harmful algae environment is in right amount induced the extraordinary photosynthesis of blue-green algae, accelerates metabolism, causes cell rupture and death, promotes simultaneously to consume phosphorus and other nutrients, reaches the purpose of effective control blue algae growth.But wherein also contain microorganism, also have the biological safety problem of introducing adventive.Also cure the symptoms, not the disease, method is single, only is suitable for the short-term algal control.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of method for preventing and controlling water bloom pollution organisms in eutrophicated water body; this method is multi-level from the bionomic control aspect; multisystem; the multiple biological control method comprehensive regulation eutrophication water water bloom pollution that combines; water body is carried out restoration of the ecosystem; recover optimum ecosystem balance; the plant algae-inhibiting agent that is adopted is cheap; environmentally friendly, non-secondary pollution, nontoxicity; effect of algae restraint is good; easy to implement, both be applicable to the small enclosed water body, be applicable to the large-scale waters of unhurried current again; therefore has good benefits in environment; economic benefit and social benefit are of great immediate significance and immense value for water resources protection.
The present invention addresses the above problem the technical scheme that is adopted: a kind of method for preventing and controlling water bloom pollution organisms in eutrophicated water body, comprise the steps, according to water body hydrologic regime and wawter bloom situation, water body is sprayed the natural phant algae-inhibiting agent, described natural phant algae-inhibiting agent component and quality percentage composition are: algae-inhibiting agent is Herba Agrimoniae water logging extract 60%-80%, vitamins C 10-20%, amino acid 5-10%, citric acid 5-20%.
At first, take suitable mode that water body is sprayed above-mentioned natural phant algae-inhibiting agent, can directly suppress algal grown according to natural water hydrologic regime and wawter bloom situation; Simultaneously, wherein the effective constituent energy required metal ion of chelating algae and other nutritive salt, the dietetic alimentation of restriction algae; Plant constituent in the algae-inhibiting agent contains algae and can not absorb the material that but can promote growth of aerobic microorganisms in the water on the other hand, by the superfluous breeding of competitive inhibition restriction algae; Algae-inhibiting agent has throwing out, can make dead algae sink to the bottom, thereby eliminates wawter bloom, reaches the emergent effect of algae restraint of short-term.The plant algae-inhibiting agent that algal control is adopted is natural plant extracts, and is cheap, one kilogram of dozens of yuan; Environmentally friendly, only several days transformation period, biodegradable in a short time, do not introduce adventive, nontoxicity.Toxicity test shows that this algae-inhibiting agent is to the LC of bright and beautiful crucian carp 96h
50Be 680mg L
-1, and activity commonly used is 2-3mg L
-1, thereby hydrobiont had reliable biological safety.And effect of algae restraint is good, effect is rapid, and three days can take effect, and can eliminate wawter bloom in seven days; The not long wawter bloom of the water body of long-time maintenance.This algae-inhibiting agent consumption is few, and processing ease is easy, economic, practical, is a kind of biological algae-inhibiting agent of novelty.
Further, in above-mentioned water body, be placed with the biological floating island that is used for planting aquatic plants.Single biological floating island maximum can be made into 20 meters * 20 meters squares, area 400M
2, or the different shape such as round of 15 meters of diameters.The biological floating island area is decided according to treating water volume or area, in general, accounts for the 1/10-1/5 of coverage of water.The waters less at lake, city stormy waves can make the conjuncted of biological floating island, and the conjuncted setting of biological floating island described here is meant several biological floating islands are linked together by connecting strand.The lake waters degree of depth is surpassed adopted submerged anchor dropping method fixed biologically chinampa more than 2 meters, submerged anchor dropping method described here is meant and lands being thrown in the water with anchor that biological floating island is connected with anchor chain or anchor cable, and make in its engaging-in soil, the grip that anchor produces is with water-bed fixed, biological floating island is tethered in preposition securely, different according to the method for jettisoninging of different waters, meteorological conditions and job requirements, anchor.But this method storm resisting, acceptable life is more than 3 years.Add block in two sides, water body upstream, stop two sides rubbish, and cleaning in time.
Form island scape in the water as the chinampa being placed in offshore place far away, can become ecological floating island truly.Satisfy the demand of view spatial shape being equipped with flowers in season about every square meter 20 strains on the chinampa, comprehensive water front view and lake surface inverted image, plants on water surface carries out suitable configuration, forms the water surface picture scroll of a width of cloth grace, has higher ornamental value.The local waterplant with economical and practical value of plantation utilizes waterplant to improve water quality in the chinampa, as mater convolvulus, and calamus etc.Utilize the coring of waterplant prosperity to absorb nutritive substance in the water,, water body eutrophication degree is reduced as N, P, can help to purify water, shield portions sunlight seizes the required environmental resources of algae, cut-out algal grown source, thus the principal element that algal bloom takes place fundamentally eliminated.Mater convolvulus vitality is strong, and it is vigorous to grow, and branch spreads in the water, good shaded effect is arranged and remove N, P effect.Simultaneously, mater convolvulus is vegetables, can gather to eat the habitat that becomes planktonic organism and fish and shrimp with plant root whisker in water, improves water quality thereby biologic chain of formation reaches.
What the art of this patent adopted is the bionomic control method, is a kind of effective ways of long-term prevention.Employing takes stopgap measures and effects a permanent cure, algal control and purification of water quality carry out simultaneously, and the direct algal control of biotechnological formulation combines the comprehensive processing method that the short-term algal control combines with long-time maintenance with plant ecological prevention and cure project several different methods, have good ecosystem in adjusting function, thereby reach the long-term effect of restoration of the ecosystem.This technology has the efficient height, cost is low and remarkable advantage such as non-secondary pollution, and is easy to implement, both has been applicable to the small enclosed water body, is applicable to the large-scale waters of unhurried current again.
Therefore, carrying out with this patent that water bloom pollution administers is that a kind of safe, efficient, economy, environmental protection and practical wawter bloom are prevented and treated method, has important use and is worth.
To sum up, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the used biological algae-inhibiting agent of the present invention is a natural plant extracts, and is biodegradable in a short time, and experiment shows that its transformation period is about seven days, therefore can not bring secondary pollution to environment, also do not have the later stage handling problems.
2, the algal control method that this patent adopted, effect of algae restraint is good, and effect is rapid, and three days take effect, and seven angel's wawter blooms disappear, and the long-time maintenance water body does not have wawter bloom to take place.Be used for upstream, Three Gorges experiment water body, obtained very good effect.Experimental study showed in the exponential growth phase of algae growth can make algae density descend 47.3% after seven days, and can make algae content of toxins decline in the water.
3, the inventive method has repair to the ecosystem.The open air experimental results show that present method can make DO and pH value descend, and algae density has only 1/3 of contrast after 37 days; And macro disappears, and small-sized algae reduces, and small-sized hydrobiont reduces, and macrozooplankton increases, and water transparency increases, and has therefore promoted the recovery of aquatic ecosystem.
4, biological algae-inhibiting agent of the present invention is cheap.The used homemade biological algae-inhibiting agent of the inventive method is one kilogram of dozens of yuan only, and same external product is more than 200 one kilograms, the therefore suitable penetration and promotion of biological algae-inhibiting agent of the present invention.
5, suitability is wide, both has been applicable to the small enclosed water body, as the pond, and landscape water body, reservoir also is applicable to the large-scale water body of unhurried current naturally, as large-size lake, reservoir area, the Yangtze River Gorges.
6, the existing function that purifies water of planting aquatic plants on the island has afforestation effect attractive in appearance again, and chinampa plant such as mater convolvulus edible, calamus is pharmaceutically acceptable and view and admire etc., therefore has economy and practical value.
7, the present invention adopts bionomic control to combine with biotechnological formulation algal control several different methods, carries out the comprehensive regulation, not only takes stopgap measures but also effect a permanent cure, and present domestic the original creation, has the unexistent superiority of other products and method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram that behind the adding plant algae-inhibiting agent algae is suppressed in the Microcystis aeruginosa that laboratory the same terms is cultivated.
Embodiment
Method for preventing and controlling water bloom pollution organisms in eutrophicated water body of the present invention comprises the steps, according to water body hydrologic regime and wawter bloom situation, water body is sprayed the natural phant algae-inhibiting agent, described natural phant algae-inhibiting agent component and quality percentage composition are: algae-inhibiting agent is Herba Agrimoniae water logging extract 60%-80%, vitamins C 10-20%, amino acid 5-10%, citric acid 5-20%; Be placed with the biological floating island that is used for planting aquatic plants in described water body, the area of biological floating island accounts for the 1/10-1/5 of coverage of water.
Aforesaid method is applied to tributary, reservoir area of Three Gorges high haze river China pollution emergency administers in the research, carried out the on-the-spot algal control experiment of enclosure, obtained good result at present.The concrete enforcement of this method is as follows:
1. biological floating island is made, installed: the chinampa makes of polythene material, on 3 centimetres of left and right sides apertures of several diameters are arranged, flitch is made keel, size is 2 meters * 1 meter, submerged anchor dropping is fixed, place several in both sides littoral shoaling water, each 5 meters at interval, contact with rope.
2. water plant planting: select well-grown mater convolvulus branch and calamus seedling, rhizome is encased part with soft foam implant in the aperture of chinampa, root is stretched in the river.In the winter time or do not have then the waterplant seed to be wrapped in seedling stage and put into the chinampa aperture in the soft foam again.
3. directly algal control
(1) water quality monitoring (WQM) work: water sampling detects algae density, chlorophyll content, hydrocoles population quantity and every water-quality guideline before dosing
(2) dosing:, determine dosing dosage according to the water quality detection result.As giving birth at the still anhydrous grey hair of the algae exponential growth phase water surface, add the plant algae-inhibiting agent weekly 1 time, make that final concentration is (to need determine the required quality of medicament according to 7 days transformation period and water body volume) about 2ppm in the water; Then add 1-2 time algae-inhibiting agent weekly as wawter bloom takes place, make that final concentration is 3-4ppm in the water, carry out the water surface and evenly spray.After wawter bloom disappears, according to weather with add an algae-inhibiting agent water quality hydrologic regime every 1-2 week and make that final concentration is 1-2ppm in the water, carry out water quality and safeguard.Need not dosing in the winter time.
4. conclusion and achievement
4.1 effect of algae restraint:
4.1.1 laboratory effect of algae restraint: referring to shown in Figure 1, the plant algae-inhibiting agent adds in the Microcystis aeruginosa of laboratory the same terms cultivation, the obvious suppression effect was arranged after 48 hours, but be not that algae is killed fully.
4.1.2 on-the-spot effect of algae restraint: adding the pond of medicament and having in the pond of plant does not have wawter bloom to take place, and has wawter bloom to take place in the blank.And produce effects is very fast, is about a week.Added the total algae number of water body of medicament and the blue-green algae quantity order of magnitude that descended, and contrasted the not bigger variation of total algae number, blue-green algae quantity increases an order of magnitude (seeing attached list).
(10
5Individual/L) 20,081,006 20,081,013 20,081,020 20081103
Microcystis aeruginosa 3.32 0.60 0.46 0.63
The experiment water body
Total algae several 230.93 359.12 134.05 11.03
Contrast Microcystis aeruginosa 0.56 1.03 6.99 5.41
Total algae several 933.42 1265.26 893.54 442.71
(2) the chinampa plant-growth is vigorous, and is better to effects of purification quality, has in the water body of plant water quality limpid.Calamus and flame nettle can be survived the winter, and live again spring, need not plant the medicament biological safety again:
● do not have in (half a year) test water body in this experimental phase and put fish death in a suitable place to breed, aquatic plants growth is vigorous, proves that used algal control medicament has reliable biological safety.
● the laboratory shows that to the acute toxicity test of bright and beautiful crucian carp its 96 hours toxic limit medium doses are 580ppm, is higher than activity far away, is safe therefore.
Claims (5)
1, method for preventing and controlling water bloom pollution organisms in eutrophicated water body, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps, according to water body hydrologic regime and wawter bloom situation, water body is sprayed the natural phant algae-inhibiting agent, and described natural phant algae-inhibiting agent component and quality percentage composition are: algae-inhibiting agent is Herba Agrimoniae water logging extract 60%-80%, vitamins C 10-20%, amino acid 5-10%, citric acid 5-20%.
2, method for preventing and controlling water bloom pollution organisms in eutrophicated water body according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is placed with the biological floating island that is used for planting aquatic plants in described water body.
3, method for preventing and controlling water bloom pollution organisms in eutrophicated water body according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the area of described biological floating island accounts for the 1/10-1/5 of coverage of water.
According to claim 2 or 3 described method for preventing and controlling water bloom pollution organisms in eutrophicated water body, it is characterized in that 4, described biological floating island adopts the submerged anchor dropping method to fix.
According to claim 2 or 3 described method for preventing and controlling water bloom pollution organisms in eutrophicated water body, it is characterized in that 5, described biological floating island quantity is more than one, the conjuncted setting of above-mentioned several biological floating islands.
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