CN101623012B - Plant leaching solution based compound algistat - Google Patents

Plant leaching solution based compound algistat Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101623012B
CN101623012B CN200910060219XA CN200910060219A CN101623012B CN 101623012 B CN101623012 B CN 101623012B CN 200910060219X A CN200910060219X A CN 200910060219XA CN 200910060219 A CN200910060219 A CN 200910060219A CN 101623012 B CN101623012 B CN 101623012B
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algae
leaching solution
algistat
based compound
solution based
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CN101623012A (en
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陈文清
周丽蓉
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Sichuan University
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a plant leaching solution based compound algistat which is used for inhibiting algae to over-grow in eutrophic fresh water body, preventing and eliminating algal bloom generation of fresh water; the constituents are as follows by weight percentage: 50-80 percent of plant leaching solution, 5-30 percent of gallic acid and 5-30 percent of tea polyphenol; the plant leaching solution adopts apple leaching solution, grape leaching solution and onion leaching solution; by adopting the plant leaching solution based compound algistat which is used for inhibiting algae to over-grow in eutrophic fresh water body, preventing and eliminating algal bloom pollution of fresh water has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, no secondary pollution and easy operation, therefore, the plant leaching solution based compound algistat is not only suitable for small closed water bodies, but also is suitable for large slow-flowing water areas.

Description

Plant leaching solution based compound algistat
Technical field
The present invention relates to water bloom pollution environmental improvement technology, more specifically, relate to a kind of eutrophication fresh water water body algae hypertrophy that is used for suppressing, prevent and eliminate the plant leaching solution based compound algistat that fresh water bloom takes place.
Background technology
At present, one of natural water body eutrophication great problem of environmental pollution of having become the world and being faced.In China; Freshwater lake, reservoir eutrophication problem are very serious; Except Dian Chi, Yunnan, Taihu Lake, Jiangsu and Chaohu, Anhui three big freshwater lakes have taken place serious blue-green alga bloom pollutes, blue-green alga bloom contamination phenomenon has in various degree also all taken place in many lakes of the Changjiang river, the Yellow River middle and lower reaches and the reservoir in succession and detected the existence of algae toxin.Fishes and shrimps disappear basically in the part lake, and replace the tiny organism monoid of dwelling of all kinds of ends of adapt to polluting, and the color of water body in lake, smell all have deterioration in various degree, and the sewage body is received in part lake even become.The geographical position in many well-known lakes is in big or middle surrounding city, and their pollution causes the urban look quality to descend, and has had a strong impact on these regional residents' physical and mental health.Water pollution causes lake and littoral bio-diversity thereof to descend, more particularly to mankind's loss of species useful or that potential value is arranged.These lake and reservoirs all are important drinking water sources simultaneously, and the algae toxin that discharges after the algae death is degraded slowly in natural water, thereby hidden some dangers for to human health.Therefore, in the face of the natural fresh water body eutrophication degree increasingly sharpens and blue-green alga bloom breaks out more and more frequent situation, water bloom of water body control is very urgent.
The technical method of the growth of control fresh water eutrophication algae, improvement water bloom pollution concludes to get up mainly to comprise: nutraceutical inflows such as (1) control nitrogen, phosphorus at present; (2) physical method is administered; (3) chemical method control; (4) ecological method control; (5) biological method control.Wherein controlling nutraceutical inflows such as nitrogen, phosphorus mainly is to prevent human various unreasonable activities, reduces and cut-out nutritive salt source and passage, thereby reaches control waters algal grown and water bloom pollution improvement.Physics improvement method is that pollutant is transferred to other place, thereby reaches control waters algal grown and water bloom pollution improvement, but pollutant itself does not obtain radical cure, therefore significant limitation is arranged, and cost is very high, should not advocate on a large scale.The chemical harnessing method is with algicides such as copper sulphate, chlorine dioxide the waters algae to be killed; Reaching control waters algal grown, but this method makes the matter worse to the waters sometimes, and can make increases the novel chemical substance that influences healthy fish in the water; Can bring secondary pollution, should not advocate.Ecological treatment method is to reduce the nitrogen phosphorus in the water body through planting aquatic wetland plant; Administer to reach control waters algal grown and water bloom pollution, this method is a kind of effective ways of long-term prevention, but this method enforcement engineering is huge; Consuming time longer; Be difficult to see effect in a short time, and also have the problem of introducing biomass, promptly the bioenergy in a certain how much quantity of specific bodies of water introducing makes water ecosystem be unlikely to be destroyed.Seriously influence because water ecosystem itself is had at the excessive introducing other biological of the specific bodies of water.
The growth of control fresh water eutrophication algae, improvement water bloom pollution, the method for advocating in academia at present is a biological control method.Biological control method not only has the efficient height, cost is low and remarkable advantage such as non-secondary pollution, and the harmony between man and nature development of advocating with the world today is perfectly in harmony, so this technology also becomes the direction of current water environment Study on Technology exploitation.Adopt the public technology of biological method control eutrophic water algal grown, improvement water bloom pollution to have at present:
1, bio-stimulant bioremediation technology.This technology is through the required ferment of aerobic microbiological, oxygen part and vegetative activity stimulant being provided, promoting aerobic microbiological digestion peptizaiton, quicken to remove the organic pollutant in the sewage, promote the water body dissolved oxygen, sewage being handled.Bio-stimulant is a kind of to be a company's production by the U.S., and Taiwan can the agency of scientific & technical corporation of nation be sold in the China's Mainland, and another kind is that the water body purification of the ProbioticSolutions company development of the U.S. urgees to give birth to liquid (Bio-energizer is called for short BE).The composition of two kinds of products is approaching, mainly contains the organic composite nutrient things more than 50 kinds such as amino acid, urea, humus, enzyme, vitamin, yeast extract, does not contain microorganism.This technological weak point is that bio-stimulant also can promote algae photosynthesis when activating aerobic microbiological, though can not form wawter bloom, can make algal grown surpass check sample, causes water transparency to reduce.And effective time is slow, takes usually more than ten days.
2, fermentation straw extract (BFA) algal control.This technology is that the exploitation of the strong Microbial Technics Ltd in Shanghai is accomplished; Fermentation straw extract is formed through biofermentation by discarded rice straw; The biochemical complex liquid that contains the compositions such as amino acid, polysaccharide, multicomponent organic acid and vitamin of phenolic hydroxyl group, carboxyl and methoxyl group isoreactivity group; In order to improve activation of microorganism, strengthen effect to the polluted-water biological restoration.Defective that this is technological and deficiency, the one, only be applicable to the shallow-layer water body, then not too suitable for large-scale waters such as the Yangtze River Gorges.The 2nd, the algal control effect of this zymotic fluid has specificity, and anabena and beads algae are had remarkable inhibition effect, and to the inhibition DeGrain of chlorella, and is still waiting to confirm for the algal control long-term effect of practical natural water body.Experimental study shows in addition; There is not effect of algae restraint after the sterilization of fermentation straw extract; This shows that fermentation straw extract is that its contained microorganism plays main algal control effect, and this that is to say to apply it in the natural water can introduce external microorganism, has bio-safety hidden danger.Existing a lot of biological algae-inhibiting agent (the as above biological algae-inhibiting agent of the auspicious water scenery gardening in Hailin Co., Ltd patented product) commercially available and patented product all contains bacterium, and same problems of ecological security is arranged.
3, barley-straw control algae.Its algal control mechanism more complicated is not also thoroughly understood fully at present.It is a kind of environmental friendliness, ecological safety, economic and practical effective control algae material.But its weak point in practical application is: it is attractive in appearance to influence water body, hinders the part amusement function of water body; And, barley-straw just no longer has the algal control effect after throwing in certain hour (being generally the 6-12 month); And its later stage handling problems there is not good solution route yet.
4, biologic product H.By Tsing-Hua University's exploitation, form by fermentations such as wood chip, wheat brans.Have certain effect of algae restraint, but a little less than the effect, and certain colourity is arranged, it is attractive in appearance to influence water body.
5, plant extracts algal control.Be one type of method of utilizing plant allelochemicals to suppress algal grown, a kind of is directly to throw in aquatic vegetable material, like the method that the Hu Hongying of Tsing-Hua University etc. has applied for Chinese invention patent, water plants is pulverized the back drop into water body, kills algae.This technological weak point is the same with barley-straw, and it is attractive in appearance to influence the water surface, and the later stage is disposed trouble.Another kind is that the algal control material is extracted from plant, and the medicament after like TanJin Agricultural College coptis root being boiled is used for algal control, and its deficiency is to have color problem, can make the water flavescence.
6. plant allelochemicals algal control.This technology is directly water plants to be pulverized the back to drop into water body, to kill algae.Its weak point is the same with barley-straw, and it is attractive in appearance to influence water body, and the later stage is disposed trouble.
7, biochemical composite algicide.Like that by three the Liu Guangzhao of company invents, adopt natural algal control material (extracting), add certain chemical substance and microorganism species, be made into holy A-3 and cushion comprehensive algicide by natural crop.This algicide can change the electrolysis state in the growth of harmful algae environment, induces the extraordinary photosynthesis of blue-green algae, accelerates metabolism, causes cell rupture and death, promotes simultaneously to consume phosphorus and other nutrients, reaches the purpose of effective control blue algae growth.But wherein also contain microorganism, also have the biological safety problem of introducing adventive.Also cure the symptoms, not the disease, method is single, only is suitable for the short-term algal control.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency to the growth of prior art control fresh water eutrophication algae, the existence of improvement water bloom pollution; The object of the invention aims to provide algae hypertrophy in a kind of new inhibition eutrophication fresh water water body; Prevent and eliminate the plant leaching solution based compound algistat that fresh water bloom takes place; To solve that existing fresh water eutrophication water water bloom pollution improvement technology exists because the bio-safety hidden danger that external microorganism introducing brings; Effect of algae restraint a little less than, it is attractive in appearance to influence the water surface, problems such as poor practicability or restricted application.
Above-mentioned technical problem to be solved by this invention can be able to through the plant leaching solution based compound algistat that is made up of following technical scheme solve.
Plant leaching solution based compound algistat disclosed by the invention; Its component is formed: plant extract 50%-80%; Gallic acid 5%-30% and Tea Polyphenols 5%-30%, said plant extract is selected from leachates such as apple leachate, grape leachate and onion.
In order to obtain better effect; Plant leaching solution based compound algistat disclosed by the invention can also contain one or more components among different Vc sodium, phosphatide, phytic acid and the EDTA; The weight content of wherein different Vc sodium generally is controlled at 5%-20%; The weight content of phosphatide generally is controlled at 1%-10%, and the weight content of phytic acid generally is controlled at 2%-18%, and the weight content of EDTA generally is controlled at 1%-20%.
In plant leaching solution based compound algistat scheme disclosed by the invention, plant extract both can oneself be produced, also can acquisition if any selling.Being generally oneself produces.The method of producing is a lot, produces like squeezing.Gallic acid, Tea Polyphenols, different Vc sodium, phosphatide, phytic acid and EDTA are obtained by purchase on the market usually; They all have commercially available, and the factors such as pH value of the effect of algae restraint of their content and compound algae-inhibiting agent, the production cost of algae-inhibiting agent and suitable water body are relevant, consider these factors after; Should the weight content of gallic acid be controlled at the 5%-30% scope; A Tea Polyphenols weight content is controlled at the 5%-30% scope, and the weight content of Vc sodium is controlled at the 5%-20% scope, and the weight content of phosphatide is controlled at the 1%-10% scope; The weight content of phytic acid is controlled at the 2%-18% scope, and the weight content of EDTA is controlled at the 1%-20% scope.
Adopting plant leaching solution based compound algistat provided by the invention to suppress algae hypertrophy in the eutrophication fresh water water body, prevent and eliminate fresh water bloom to take place, is according to natural water hydrologic regime and wawter bloom situation, and the water body water surface is sprayed algae-inhibiting agent.Its mechanism of action of inhibition algae agent provided by the invention is the active ingredient ability required metal ion of chelating algae and other nutritive salt in the algae-inhibiting agent on the one hand, the nutrient absorption of restriction algae; Plant component in the algae-inhibiting agent contains algae and can not absorb the material that but can promote growth of aerobic microorganisms in the water on the other hand, suppresses the superfluous breeding of restriction algae through competitiveness; Be that algae-inhibiting agent has flocculation on the one hand again, can make dead algae sink to the bottom, thereby eliminate wawter bloom, reach the emergent effect of algae restraint of short-term.Therefore, the wawter bloom water body is sprayed plant leaching solution based compound algistat provided by the invention, have the effect of direct inhibition algal grown.
Plant leaching solution based compound algistat of the present invention; Have algal control and purification of water quality and be able to the function of carrying out simultaneously; Have that functioning efficiency height, cost are low, non-secondary pollution and remarkable advantage such as easy to implement, both be applicable to the small enclosed water body, be applicable to the large-scale waters of unhurried current again.
Plant leaching solution based compound algistat of the present invention, its matrix component are the natural plants extract, so less expensive, generally are merely one kilogram of dozens of yuan.On the other hand, compound algae-inhibiting agent environmental friendliness, only several days half life period, biodegradable in a short time, do not introduce adventive, avirulence.Toxicity test shows that algae-inhibiting agent provided by the invention is to the LC of bright and beautiful crucian carp 96h 50Be 780mg L -1, and activity commonly used is 2-3mg L -1, thereby aquatile had reliable biological safety.And effect of algae restraint is good, effect is rapid, and three days can take effect, and can eliminate wawter bloom in seven days; The not long wawter bloom of the water body of long-time maintenance.In addition, it is few that algae-inhibiting agent also has a consumption, processing ease, and characteristics such as easy, economic, practical are to suppress algae hypertrophy in the eutrophication fresh water water body, prevent and eliminate a kind of desirable algae-inhibiting agent that fresh water bloom takes place.Carrying out water bloom pollution with plant leaching solution based compound algistat provided by the invention and administer, is that a kind of safe, efficient, economy, environmental protection and practical wawter bloom are prevented and treated method, has important use and is worth.
Invent compared with prior art, its advantage and technique effect can further be summarised as:
1, plant leaching solution based compound algistat provided by the invention, its solvent are natural plant extracts, and be biodegradable in a short time, and experiment shows that its half life period is about seven days.Therefore can not bring secondary pollution, not have the later stage handling problems yet to environment.And have the later stage handling problems with straw or input water plants section.And the biological degradation problem of the algae-inhibiting agent of China's production does not at present obtain conclusive evidence.
2, adopt plant leaching solution based compound algistat provided by the invention; Be used for suppressing eutrophication fresh water water body algae hypertrophy, prevent and eliminate fresh water bloom to take place, effect of algae restraint is good; Effect rapidly; Three days can take effect, and seven angel's wawter blooms disappear, but water bloom pollution does not take place the long-time maintenance water body.The inventor once was used for the upper reaches, Three Gorges experiment water body, obtained very good effect.Experimental study shows, the exponential increase phase in the algae growth, can make algae density descend 47.3% after seven days, and can make algae content of toxins decline in the water.
3, plant leaching solution based compound algistat provided by the invention, therefore cheap because its solvent is the leachate of frequently seen plants, generally be merely one kilogram of dozens of yuan, and the external algae-inhibiting agent product of producing is more than 200 yuan one kilogram, suitable penetration and promotion.
4, plant leaching solution based compound algistat applicability provided by the invention is wide, both applicable to the small enclosed water body, and like the pond, landscape water body, reservoir is also applicable to the large-scale water body of unhurried current naturally, like water bodys such as large-size lake, reservoir areas, the Yangtze River Gorges.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the Microcystis aeruginosa water body that plant leaching solution based compound algistat provided by the invention is used for adding has laboratory the same terms to turn out, the inhibition effect sketch map after 48 hours.1 group of sample is an algae density 10 in the water body among the figure 6Individual/L, 2 groups of samples are algae density 10 in the water body 7Individual/L, 3 groups of samples are algae density 10 in the water body 8Individual/L.In the histogram of every group of sample, different diagram posts is represented algae-inhibiting agent concentration different in the water body respectively, and histogram from left to right is followed successively by: algae-inhibiting agent 0ppm (contrast), algae-inhibiting agent 2ppm, algae-inhibiting agent 6ppm, algae-inhibiting agent 12ppm.In scheming, can find out that the obvious suppression effect was arranged after 48 hours, but be not that algae is killed fully.
Embodiment
Below through embodiment the present invention is made further specific descriptions.It is important to point out; Following embodiment only is used for the present invention is done further explanation; Can not be interpreted as restriction to protection domain of the present invention; Under the art skilled according to the foregoing invention content, the present invention is made some nonessential improvement and adjustment is not a difficult matter, but such modification should still belong to protection scope of the present invention with adjustment.
The component percentages that following embodiment is involved all is weight percentage except that specifying.
Embodiment
The inventor is used for many places fishpond, leisure farm pond landscape water body etc. with plant leaching solution based compound algistat provided by the invention and carries out on-the-spot algal control experiment, has all obtained good result at present.
1, practical implementation method
(1) water quality monitoring.Water sampling detects algae density, chlorophyll content, aquatic animal population quantity and each item water quality index before spraying algae-inhibiting agent.
(2) be equipped with compound algae-inhibiting agent.The component of compound algae-inhibiting agent constitutes: apple leachate 60%, gallic acid 15% and Tea Polyphenols 15%, different Vc sodium 10%.
(3) spray compound algae-inhibiting agent.According to the water quality detection result, confirm to add the amount of algae-inhibiting agent.Belong to the algae exponential increase phase like water body, the still anhydrous grey hair of the water surface is given birth to, and adds algae-inhibiting agent weekly 1 time, makes that final concentration is (to need confirm the required weight of algae-inhibiting agent according to 7 days half life period and water body volume) about 2ppm in the water; Like water body wawter bloom having taken place, then added 1-2 time algae-inhibiting agent weekly, made that final concentration is 3-6ppm in the water, carries out the water surface and evenly spray.After wawter bloom disappears, according to weather with add an algae-inhibiting agent water quality hydrologic regime every 1-2 week and make that final concentration is 1-2ppm in the water, carry out the water quality maintenance.Need not dosing in the winter time.
2, effect of algae restraint
(1) laboratory effect of algae restraint.Shown in laboratory effect of algae restraint such as the accompanying drawing 1, can see from figure that compound algae-inhibiting agent is joined growth to be had the Microcystis aeruginosa that laboratory the same terms turns out but in the water body, later the obvious suppression effect was arranged, but algae is not killed fully in 48 hours.
(2) on-the-spot effect of algae restraint.Adding in the pond of the plant leaching solution based compound algistat that present embodiment is arranged does not have wawter bloom to take place, and does not have wawter bloom to take place and add in the blank water body of compound algae-inhibiting agent.And produce effects is very fast, is about a week.The plant leaching solution based compound algistat that in the water body that wawter bloom takes place, adds present embodiment; Total algae number of water body and the blue-green algae quantity one magnitude that descended; And not bigger variation of the total algae number in the contrast water body, blue-green algae quantity increases an one magnitude (seeing attached list 1).
Table 1: on-the-spot effect of algae restraint
(10 5Individual/L) 20,090,406 200,090,413 20,090,420 20090503
Microcystis aeruginosa 6.5 1.60 0.66 0.53
The experiment water body
Total algae several 330.93 300.89 213.12 45.65
Contrast Microcystis aeruginosa 5.56 6.03 10.99 15.41
Total algae several 333.42 456.67 789.54 890.56
(3) compound algae-inhibiting agent biological safety.Do not have in (half a year) experiment water body in this experimental stage and put fish death in a suitable place to breed, aquatic plants growth is vigorous, proves that used algal control medicament has reliable biological safety.The laboratory shows that to the acute toxicity testing of bright and beautiful crucian carp its 96 hours half lethal concentrations are 680ppm, are higher than the algal control activity far away, is safe therefore.
The inventor also tests with the compound algae-inhibiting agent of following formulated, has all obtained reasonable experiment effect.Each component in the compound algae-inhibiting agent constitutes all by weight percentage.
1 grape leachate 60%; Different Vc sodium 10%; Gallic acid 10%; Tea Polyphenols 20%.
2 onion leachates 70%; Gallic acid 10%; Tea Polyphenols 20%.
3 apple leachates 65%; Gallic acid 15%; Tea Polyphenols 10%; Different Vc sodium 5%; Phosphatidase 15 %.
4 grape leachates 30%; Apple leachate 40%; Gallic acid 10%; Tea Polyphenols 8%; Different Vc sodium 7%; Phosphatidase 13 %; Phytic acid 2%.
5 grape leachates 30%; Onion leachate 20%; Gallic acid 15%; Tea Polyphenols 10%; Different Vc sodium 5%; Phosphatidase 15 %; Phytic acid 5%; EDTA10%.
6 apple leachates 40%; Onion leachate 20%; Gallic acid 10%; Tea Polyphenols 15%; Phytic acid 5%; EDTA10%.
7 apple leachates 10%; Onion leachate 30%; Grape leachate 15%; Gallic acid 15%; Tea Polyphenols 10%; Different Vc sodium 5%; Phosphatidase 13 %; Phytic acid 2%; EDTA10%.

Claims (9)

1. plant leaching solution based compound algistat; The component that it is characterized in that algae-inhibiting agent mainly comprises plant extract, gallic acid and Tea Polyphenols; Its component consists of by weight percentage: plant extract 50%-80%; Gallic acid 5%-30% and Tea Polyphenols 5%-30%, said plant extract are selected from apple leachate, grape leachate and onion leachate.
2. plant leaching solution based compound algistat according to claim 1 is characterized in that compound algae-inhibiting agent also contains the different Vc sodium of weight 5%-20%.
3. plant leaching solution based compound algistat according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that compound algae-inhibiting agent also contains the phosphatide of weight 1%-10%.
4. plant leaching solution based compound algistat according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that compound algae-inhibiting agent also contains the phytic acid of weight 2%-18%.
5. plant leaching solution based compound algistat according to claim 3 is characterized in that compound algae-inhibiting agent also contains the phytic acid of weight 2%-18%.
6. plant leaching solution based compound algistat according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that compound algae-inhibiting agent also contains the EDTA of weight 1-20%.
7. plant leaching solution based compound algistat according to claim 3 is characterized in that compound algae-inhibiting agent also contains the EDTA of weight 1-20%.
8. plant leaching solution based compound algistat according to claim 4 is characterized in that compound algae-inhibiting agent also contains the EDTA of weight 1-20%.
9. plant leaching solution based compound algistat according to claim 5 is characterized in that compound algae-inhibiting agent also contains the EDTA of weight 1-20%.
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CN104351263A (en) * 2014-11-03 2015-02-18 上海海洋大学 Water bloom alga seed suppressor and preparation method and application thereof
CN104528931B (en) * 2015-01-22 2016-06-29 浙江大学 A kind of with Barley straw be substrate BAF and application
CN105494451B (en) * 2016-01-21 2018-05-25 浙江农林大学 A kind of algicide and its preparation method and application
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CN107114401A (en) * 2017-03-29 2017-09-01 岳阳云秋珍珠科技有限公司 A kind of Cyanobacterial scavenger and preparation method thereof
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CN103155959A (en) * 2013-02-26 2013-06-19 安徽师范大学 Algistat containing terrestrial plants capable of being cultured in water
CN103155959B (en) * 2013-02-26 2015-03-11 安徽师范大学 Algistat containing terrestrial plants capable of being cultured in water

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