CN111743054A - Special puffed feed for Japanese eels and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Special puffed feed for Japanese eels and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111743054A
CN111743054A CN202010770371.3A CN202010770371A CN111743054A CN 111743054 A CN111743054 A CN 111743054A CN 202010770371 A CN202010770371 A CN 202010770371A CN 111743054 A CN111743054 A CN 111743054A
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parts
feed
meal
japanese
eel
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李本相
涂永芹
翁祥斌
贠彪
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Fujian Haid Feeds Co ltd
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Fujian Haid Feeds Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

Abstract

The invention discloses a special expanded feed for Japanese eels, which comprises the following components: fish meal, chicken meal, fermented soybean meal, monocalcium phosphate, high gluten flour, mixed vegetable oil, choline chloride, bile acid, a vitamin mixture and a mineral mixture; the invention also discloses application of the special expanded feed for the Japanese eels in Japanese eel breeding. The feed has the characteristics of low cost, high feed efficiency and the like, can improve the growth performance of the Japanese eels, increase the breeding weight gain rate and survival rate of the Japanese eels, reduce the morbidity of enteritis, promote the metabolism of fat and protein, ensure the health of liver and gallbladder of the Japanese eels, and improve the breeding benefit.

Description

Special puffed feed for Japanese eels and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquatic fish feed, and particularly relates to a special puffed feed for Japanese eels, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Japanese eels are one of the main varieties of artificially cultured eels, have the basic characteristics of fish, are similar to snakes in appearance, and have the optimal growth water temperature of 25-30 ℃.
Eel belongs to the class of the finfish, order anguillales, order anguillariales, family anguillaceae, and is a migratory fish that grows in rivers on land and then migrates to spawning sites in the sea after maturation. The life history can be divided into egg stage (spawning in sea), willow leaf eel (floating with ocean currents, thin like willow leaf), glass eel (transparent glass eel fry), eel line (beginning to appear melanin, main source of fry catching), yellow eel (belly yellow), and silver eel (belly silver). Eel gender is determined by environment and group, and when the group number is small, female is increased, otherwise, female is decreased.
At present, in the eel culture process, the eel powder is mainly used for feeding the juvenile eels and the adult eels, and less puffing materials are used. However, the following problems exist in powder cultivation or expanded material cultivation:
(1) powder cultivation: the problems of easy enteritis, large quantity of three types of fries (also called eel essence, foot dropping fries or eel tails, mainly refers to eel which grows slowly or is difficult to grow because the individual is thin and small, and the weight is about a few grams generally), low feed absorption rate, large water pollution, high feed price and the like exist;
(2) and (3) expanded material cultivation: has the problems of low feed efficiency and low weight gain rate.
Although some special powdery feed for the conger eel exists in the market at present, the fat content of the conger eel is low due to the influence of a feed processing technology, and the conger eel does not meet the nutritional requirements of the conger eel. And the nutrient level of common expanded feed and powder in the market is not in accordance with the nutrient requirement of the Japanese eels, and the expanded feed designed aiming at the nutrient requirement of the Japanese eels is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the special expanded feed for the Japanese eels and the preparation method and application thereof, wherein the feed has the characteristics of low cost, high feed efficiency and the like, can improve the growth performance of the Japanese eels, and can improve the culture weight gain rate and the survival rate of the Japanese eels.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a special expanded feed for Japanese eels comprises the following components: fish meal, chicken meal, fermented soybean meal, monocalcium phosphate, high gluten flour, mixed vegetable oil, choline chloride, bile acid, a vitamin mixture and a mineral mixture.
As a preferred technical solution, the fish meal comprises peru super fish meal; the chicken meal comprises American pet-grade chicken meal.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 40-46 parts of Peru super fish meal, 8-18 parts of American pet-grade chicken meal, 10-16 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1-1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 14-20 parts of strong flour, 9-12 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.1-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of bile acid, 1-1.5 parts of vitamin mixture and 1-1.5 parts of mineral mixture.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 40 parts of Peru super fish meal, 18 parts of American pet-grade chicken meal, 10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 19.3 parts of strong flour, 9 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture and 1 part of mineral mixture.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 43 parts of Peru super fish meal, 13 parts of American pet-grade chicken meal, 13 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 17 parts of strong flour, 10 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.3 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture and 1 part of mineral mixture.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 46 parts of Peru super fish meal, 8 parts of American pet-grade chicken meal, 16 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 14.8 parts of strong flour, 11 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1.5 parts of a vitamin mixture and 1.5 parts of a mineral mixture.
As a preferable technical scheme, the mixed vegetable oil comprises soybean oil, sunflower seed oil and linseed oil, the volume ratio of the soybean oil to the sunflower seed oil to the linseed oil is 1:1:1, the ratio meets the requirement of fatty acid balance, for example, the sunflower seed oil is rich in linoleic acid, the linseed oil is rich in linolenic acid, and meanwhile, fish oil is replaced according to the matching of the soybean oil, the sunflower seed oil and the linseed oil without influencing the growth performance of the Japanese eel.
As a preferred solution, the following ingredients are included per kg of the vitamin mixture: biotin 0.66g, VB120.02g, 9.23g of folic acid, 221.45g of inositol, 123.73g of nicotinic acid, 591.38g of pantothenic acid, 29.53g of riboflavin and 24g of thiamine.
As a preferred solution, the following ingredients are included per kilogram of the mineral mixture: KI 0.18g, CoCl2H2O(1％)10.98g、CuSO4·5H2O 2.20g、FeSO4H2O17.57g、ZnSO4H2O 10.98g、MnSO4H2O13.18g、MgSO4·7H2O 263.57g、Ca(H2PO3)2·H2O 658.94g、NaCl 21.97g、NaF 0.43g。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special expanded feed for the Japanese eels, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials:
weighing the raw materials in parts by weight;
(2) coarse crushing, mixing and superfine crushing:
coarsely pulverizing peru super fish meal, fermented soybean meal and monocalcium phosphate, and pulverizing to obtain more than 96% of particles which can pass through a 40-mesh screen to obtain coarsely pulverized components;
mixing choline chloride, bile acid, vitamin mixture and mineral mixture to obtain small material additive;
uniformly mixing the coarse pulverized components and the small material additive, carrying out superfine pulverization, and enabling particles pulverized to be more than 99% to pass through a 80-mesh screen to obtain superfine pulverized components;
(3) tempering, puffing and granulating:
performing steam tempering on the superfine grinding components, performing puffing granulation after tempering, and preparing into puffed particles;
(4) drying:
drying the puffed particles;
(5) vacuum oil injection:
heating the mixed vegetable oil, and spraying the heated mixed vegetable oil on the surface of the expanded particles to enable the mixed vegetable oil to permeate into pores of the feed;
(6) and (3) cooling:
and (3) cooling after vacuum oil injection, and controlling the temperature difference between the cooled feed particles and the room temperature to be less than 5 ℃ to obtain the feed.
As a preferable technical scheme, the tempering temperature in the step (3) is 99-102 ℃, the tempering time is 3min, and the moisture content of the tempered superfine grinding component is 20-23%.
As a preferable technical scheme, the puffing temperature in the step (3) is 150-160 ℃, and the puffing degree is 1.7-1.8; the particle size of the expanded particles is 2.0-2.5 mm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the drying temperature in the step (4) is 90-105 ℃, the drying time is 15min, and the water content of the dried feed particles is less than 10%.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step (5), the mixed vegetable oil is heated to 60-70 ℃ which is higher than the heating temperature (30-40 ℃) of the traditional process, so that the grease can rapidly pass through air holes to enter the feed, and the oil content inside and outside the feed is increased.
The third aspect of the invention is to provide the application of the expanded feed special for the Japanese eels in the Japanese eel breeding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the feed is special expanded feed for the Japanese eels, and compared with the conventional powdery compound feed, the expanded feed improves the dispersion uniformity, thereby reducing the size differentiation difference of the eels in the culture process, simultaneously reducing the pollution to a water body, reducing the contents of harmful bacteria and toxic substances in the water body, and reducing the morbidity of the Japanese eels;
2. the fish serving as a natural diabetic patient has weak starch utilization capacity, and the excessively high starch content in the feed not only reduces the immunity of the fish, is easy to cause liver diseases, but also influences the growth of the fish;
3. the feed protein content (44-45%) of the feed is designed according to the protein requirement of the Japanese eels, and is reduced by 5-7% compared with the protein content (47-52%) of common eel feeds in the market, so that the protein usage amount is saved, the protein waste is reduced, the feed cost is reduced, and the breeding benefit is improved;
4. the feed disclosed by the invention is designed aiming at the fat demand of the Japanese eels, the fat content (14-15%) of the feed is 5-9% higher than that of common eel feeds in the market, the problem of insufficient fat addition of the common eel feeds in the market at present is solved, the fat demand of the Japanese eels can be met, and the rapid growth and fat accumulation of the Japanese eels are facilitated;
5. the feed disclosed by the invention uses sunflower seed oil rich in linoleic acid, linseed oil rich in linolenic acid and soybean oil with lower viscosity, and the contents of the sunflower seed oil, the linseed oil and the soybean oil are as follows: sunflower seed oil: the linseed oil is mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1 to completely replace fish oil, so that the cost is reduced, and the requirements of the Japanese eel on essential fatty acid linoleic acid and linolenic acid are met;
6. the addition mode of the grease of the invention is as follows: the feed is added in a vacuum spraying mode with the oil temperature of 60-70 ℃, compared with the existing vacuum spraying mode at 30-40 ℃, the vacuum spraying mode is more beneficial to the grease entering the feed, and the loss of fat in water is reduced;
7. the bile acid added into the feed can activate the activity of lipase to carry out fat hydrolysis while emulsifying fat in the liver and intestine circulation to form emulsified fat particles, so as to form chylomicron with fatty acid and the like, so that the fatty acid can be absorbed by a permeable membrane, and the high-efficiency digestion and absorption of fat are promoted; in addition, bile acid returned to the liver can stimulate the secretion of bile, dredge intestinal tracts, eliminate harmful substances such as mycotoxin, bacterial endotoxin and the like, and thus the liver and the gallbladder are protected; the choline chloride can reduce fat accumulation and tissue deformation of the liver and the kidney, promote the recombination of amino acids and improve the utilization rate of the essential amino acid methionine in vivo; the feed of the invention promotes the digestion and absorption of feed fat by adding bile acid, prevents the pathological changes of liver and kidney tissues by adding choline chloride, and promotes the metabolism of amino acid, thereby being beneficial to the fat metabolism, the protein metabolism and the liver and gall health of the Japanese eels.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The reagents, equipment and methods adopted by the invention are all reagents, equipment and methods which are conventionally and commercially available in the technical field and are conventionally used in the technical field.
Example 1
The special expanded feed for the Japanese eels comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of Peruvian super fish meal, 18 parts of American pet-grade chicken meal, 10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 19.3 parts of strong flour, 9 parts of mixed vegetable oil (soybean oil, sunflower seed oil and linseed oil which are 1:1:1), 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture and 1 part of mineral mixture.
The raw materials can be purchased and obtained in the market.
The following ingredients were included per kilogram of the vitamin mixture: biotin 0.66g, VB120.02g, 9.23g of folic acid, 221.45g of inositol, 123.73g of nicotinic acid, 591.38g of pantothenic acid, 29.53g of riboflavin and 24g of thiamine.
The following ingredients were included per kilogram of the mineral mixture: KI 0.18g, CoCl2H2O(1％)10.98g、CuSO4·5H2O 2.20g、FeSO4H2O 17.57g、ZnSO4H2O 10.98g、MnSO4H2O 13.18g、MgSO4·7H2O263.57g、Ca(H2PO3)2·H2O 658.94g、NaCl 21.97g、NaF 0.43g。
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials:
weighing the raw materials in parts by weight;
(2) coarse crushing, mixing and superfine crushing:
coarsely pulverizing peru super fish meal, fermented soybean meal and monocalcium phosphate, and pulverizing to obtain more than 96% of particles which can pass through a 40-mesh screen to obtain coarsely pulverized components;
mixing choline chloride, bile acid, vitamin mixture and mineral mixture to obtain small material additive;
uniformly mixing the coarse pulverized components and the small material additive, carrying out superfine pulverization, and enabling particles pulverized to be more than 99% to pass through a 80-mesh screen to obtain superfine pulverized components;
(3) tempering, puffing and granulating:
carrying out steam tempering on the superfine grinding component at the tempering temperature of 99-102 ℃ for 3min until the moisture content of the superfine grinding component is 20-23%;
performing puffing granulation after tempering, wherein the puffing temperature is 150-160 ℃, the puffing degree is 1.7-1.8, and puffing granules with the particle size of 2.0-2.5 mm are prepared;
(4) drying:
drying the puffed particles at 90-105 ℃ for 15min, wherein the moisture content of the dried particles is lower than 10%;
(5) vacuum oil injection:
heating the mixed vegetable oil to 60-70 ℃, and spraying the heated mixed vegetable oil on the surface of the puffed particles to enable the mixed vegetable oil to permeate into pores of the feed;
(6) and (3) cooling:
and (3) cooling after vacuum oil injection, controlling the temperature difference between the cooled feed particles and the room temperature to be less than 5 ℃, cooling and packaging to obtain the feed.
Example 2
The special expanded feed for the Japanese eels comprises the following components in parts by weight: 43 parts of Peru super fish meal, 13 parts of American pet-grade chicken meal, 13 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 17 parts of strong flour, 10 parts of mixed vegetable oil (soybean oil, sunflower seed oil and linseed oil which are 1:1:1), 0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.3 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture and 1 part of mineral mixture.
The raw materials can be purchased and obtained in the market.
The vitamin mixture, mineral mixture and preparation method are the same as example 1 and are not repeated herein.
Example 3
The special expanded feed for the Japanese eels comprises the following components in parts by weight: 46 parts of Peruvian super fish meal, 8 parts of American pet-grade chicken meal, 16 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 14.8 parts of strong flour, 11 parts of mixed vegetable oil (soybean oil, sunflower seed oil and linseed oil, 1:1:1), 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin mixture and 1.5 parts of mineral mixture.
The raw materials can be purchased and obtained in the market.
The vitamin mixture, mineral mixture and preparation method are the same as example 1 and are not repeated herein.
Example 4
The special expanded feed for the Japanese eels comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of Peru super fish meal, 18 parts of American pet-grade chicken meal, 10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 20 parts of strong flour, 9 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture and 1.5 parts of mineral mixture.
The raw materials can be purchased and obtained in the market.
The vitamin mixture, mineral mixture and preparation method are the same as example 1 and are not repeated herein.
Example 5
The special expanded feed for the Japanese eels comprises the following components in parts by weight: 46 parts of Peru super fish meal, 8 parts of American pet-grade chicken meal, 16 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 14 parts of strong flour, 12 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1.5 parts of a vitamin mixture and 1 part of a mineral mixture.
The raw materials can be purchased and obtained in the market.
The vitamin mixture, mineral mixture and preparation method are the same as example 1 and are not repeated herein.
The protein content of the Japanese eel expanded feed prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5 is 44 to 45 percent, the protein requirement of the Japanese eel can be met, and the protein content is 5 to 7 percent lower than that of the common eel feed in the market; the fat content can reach 14-15 percent, which is 5-9 percent higher than that of the common eel feed in the market; the available energy value is 18-19 kJ/g, which is slightly higher than that of common eel feed in the market.
Comparative example 1
The common commercial eel puffed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 72 parts of Peru super fish meal, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 19.5 parts of strong flour, 4 parts of sardine oil, 1.5 parts of vitamin mixture and 1.5 parts of mineral mixture.
The vitamin mixture and the mineral mixture were the same as in example 1.
The feed has a crude protein content of about 49.7% and a crude fat content of about 9.9%, and an available energy value of 18.5 kJ/g.
Comparative example 2
A common commercial eel powdery compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 69 parts of Peru super fish meal, 1 part of wheat gluten, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 24 parts of cassava pregelatinized starch, 1.5 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of a vitamin mixture and 1.5 parts of a mineral mixture.
The vitamin mixture and mineral mixture were the same as in example 1.
The feed has crude protein content of about 49.0%, crude fat content of about 7.2%, and available energy value of 18.3 kJ/g.
Test example 1
Comparative breeding tests were carried out using the expanded Japanese eel feed of example 1 and the ordinary commercial eel feed of comparative examples 1 and 2.
The test site is an eel farm in Royuan county of Fuzhou city, Fujian province, and the test time is 7 and 14 days in 2019 to 10 and 18 days in 2019. The test eel is about 100g Japanese eel, the test eel comes from eel farm in Royuan county of Fuzhou city of Fujian province, select apparent healthy Japanese eel 9 ten thousand tails with uniform specification, transfer into 9 test net cages (net cage specification 10.0m × 10.0m × 1.3m, water depth 0.7m), each net cage 1 ten thousand tails, foster a week temporarily, and in 5:00 and 17:00 each day with the feed of comparative example 1 and/or comparative example 2 each time feed, make eel adapt to and breed environment and feed. And then randomly dividing the temporarily-cultured fish into 3 groups, wherein each group comprises 3 net cages, and feeding the temporarily-cultured fish with the artificial saturated diet at a fixed time of 5:00 and 17:00 every day. The 1 st group net cage is fed with the special expanded feed for the Japanese eel in the embodiment 1 of the invention to be used as a test group; the 2 nd group of net cages is fed with the expanded feed of the comparative example 1 as a control group 1; the 3 rd group net cage was fed with the powdery compound feed of comparative example 2 as a control group 3. And (4) recording the daily food intake and the dead fish number (and the number of individuals dead due to enteritis) of each net cage, and counting relevant experimental data after the experiment is finished. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results data sheet
Figure BDA0002616343950000121
Note: the difference is marked in the table by different lower case letters after the same column of data (P < 0.05).
Survival (%). 100 × experiment end mantissa/experiment start mantissa
Weight gain (%) of 100 × (final weight-initial weight)/initial weight
The feeding rate (%/d) is 100 times the average feed weight ingested by each fish/[ (fish weight at the end of experiment + fish weight at the beginning of experiment)/2 times the number of days of the cultivation experiment ]
Efficiency of feed (final weight-initial weight)/feed feeding amount
Enteritis lethality (%) -100 × enteritis death tail/experiment start tail
All experimental data are expressed as mean ± standard error, and data were analyzed for One-way ANOVA using SPSS 17.0, with significant differences (P <0.05) followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons (Tukey's multiple comparisons).
The results from table 1 show that: the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the test group are sequentially and obviously higher than those of the control group 1 and the control group 2; the feed efficiency of the test group is significantly higher than that of the control group 2, and the enteritis lethality rate is significantly lower than that of the control group 2. The results show that the expanded feed of example 1 can significantly improve the growth rate of the Japanese eels, is beneficial to the intestinal health of the Japanese eels, and improves the culture benefit.
Test example 2
A comparative breeding test was carried out using the Japanese eel expanded feed prepared in example 2 and the normal eel feeds of comparative examples 1 and 2.
The test site is a fish pond in the fishery, creek and town eel farm in Fuqing city, Fujian province, and the test time is 11 months and 1 day in 2019 to 2020 and 1 month and 15 days. The test eel is Japanese eel of about 110g, the fish for test is from eel farm in Fuqing city, Fujian province, 18-20 thousands of Japanese eels with healthy appearance and uniform specification are selected and put into large pond (intensive culture cement pond) (water surface area 500 m)2Water depth 1.0m) for one week and fed with the feed of comparative example 1 and/or comparative example 2 once per day at 5:00 and 17:00 respectively to adapt the eel to the culture environment and feed. Then the temporarily cultured fish are respectively transferred into 9 intensive culture cement ponds (the water surface area is 300 m)2Water depth 0.6m), 2 thousands of tails per pond, and randomly divided into 3 groups, each group is repeated for 3 times, and the artificial feeding is carried out at regular time of 5:00 and 17:00 every day. The group 1 was fed with the expanded feed for Japanese eel of example 2 of the present invention as a test group; group 2 was fed with the expanded feed of comparative example 1 as control group 1; group 3 was fed with the powdered compound feed of comparative example 2 as control group 2. Record dailyThe amount of food intake and the number of dead fish (and the number of individuals who die due to enteritis); the test was conducted with groundwater and reservoir as 1:1, mixing and using, and counting relevant experimental data after the experiment is finished. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 test results data sheet
Figure BDA0002616343950000131
Figure BDA0002616343950000141
Note: the difference is marked in the table by different lower case letters after the same column of data (P < 0.05).
The data processing and expression modes of survival rate, weight gain rate, feeding rate, feed efficiency and enteritis lethality rate are the same as those of the experimental example 1.
The results from table 2 show that: the survival rate and the feed efficiency of the test group are both obviously higher than those of the control group 2; the weight gain rate of the test group is significantly higher than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2, while the enteritis lethality rate is significantly lower than that of the control group 2. The results show that the use of the expanded feed of example 2 can significantly improve the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the Japanese eels, improve the feed efficiency, promote the growth rate of the Japanese eels, benefit the intestinal health of the Japanese eels and improve the culture benefit.
Test example 3
A comparative breeding test was carried out using the Japanese eel expanded feed prepared in example 3 and the normal eel feeds of comparative examples 1 and 2.
The test site is a fish pond in the fishery, creek and town eel farm in Fuqing city, Fujian province, and the test time is 11 months and 1 day in 2019 to 2020 and 1 month and 15 days. The test eel is Japanese eel of about 110g, the fish for test is from eel farm in Fuqing city, Fujian province, 18-20 thousands of Japanese eels with healthy appearance and uniform specification are selected and put into large pond (intensive culture cement pond) (water surface area 500 m)2Water depth 1.0m) for one week and fed with the feed of comparative example 1 and/or comparative example 2 once per day at 5:00 and 17:00 respectively to adapt the eel to the culture environment and feed. Then respectively transferring the temporarily cultured fishesEntering 9 intensive culture cement ponds (the water surface area is 300 m)2Water depth 0.6m), 2 thousands of tails per pond, and randomly divided into 3 groups, each group is repeated for 3 times, and the artificial feeding is carried out at regular time of 5:00 and 17:00 every day. The group 1 was fed with the expanded feed for Japanese eel of example 3 of the present invention as a test group; group 2 was fed with the expanded feed of comparative example 1 as control group 1; group 3 was fed with the powdered compound feed of comparative example 2 as control group 2. Recording daily food intake and number of dead fish (and number of individuals who died due to enteritis); the test completely adopts underground water, and relevant experimental data are counted after the test is finished. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 test results data sheet
Figure BDA0002616343950000151
Note: the difference is marked in the table by different lower case letters after the same column of data (P < 0.05).
The data processing and expression modes of survival rate, weight gain rate, feeding rate, feed efficiency and enteritis lethality rate are the same as those of the experimental example 1.
The results from table 3 show that: the survival rate and the feed efficiency of the test group are both obviously higher than those of the control group 2; the weight gain rate of the test group is obviously changed to the control group 1 and the control group 2; the enteritis lethality rate of the test group is obviously lower than that of the control group 2. The results show that the use of the expanded feed of the embodiment 3 can obviously improve the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the Japanese eels, improve the feed efficiency, promote the growth rate of the Japanese eels, is beneficial to the intestinal health of the Japanese eels and improves the culture benefit.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be considered to be equivalent or modified within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The special expanded feed for the Japanese eels is characterized by comprising the following components: fish meal, chicken meal, fermented soybean meal, monocalcium phosphate, high gluten flour, mixed vegetable oil, choline chloride, bile acid, a vitamin mixture and a mineral mixture.
2. The expanded feed for eel of japan according to claim 1, wherein the fish meal comprises peru super fish meal; the chicken meal comprises American pet-grade chicken meal.
3. The special expanded feed for Japanese eels as claimed in claim 2, wherein the expanded feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-46 parts of Peru super fish meal, 8-18 parts of American pet-grade chicken meal, 10-16 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1-1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 14-20 parts of strong flour, 9-12 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.1-0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of bile acid, 1-1.5 parts of vitamin mixture and 1-1.5 parts of mineral mixture.
4. The special expanded feed for Japanese eels according to claim 3, wherein the expanded feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of Peru super fish meal, 18 parts of American pet-grade chicken meal, 10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 19.3 parts of strong flour, 9 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture and 1 part of mineral mixture.
5. The special expanded feed for Japanese eels according to claim 3, wherein the expanded feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 43 parts of Peru super fish meal, 13 parts of American pet-grade chicken meal, 13 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 17 parts of strong flour, 10 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.3 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture and 1 part of mineral mixture.
6. The expanded feed special for Japanese eels according to claim 1, wherein the mixed vegetable oil comprises soybean oil, sunflower seed oil and linseed oil in a volume ratio of 1:1: 1.
7. The expanded feed for eel of japan as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vitamin mixture comprises the following components per kg: biotin 0.66g, VB120.02g, 9.23g of folic acid, 221.45g of inositol, 123.73g of nicotinic acid, 591.38g of pantothenic acid, 29.53g of riboflavin and 24g of thiamine;
the following ingredients were included per kilogram of the mineral mixture: KI 0.18g, CoCl2H2O 10.98g、CuSO4·5H2O2.20g、FeSO4H2O 17.57g、ZnSO4H2O 10.98g、MnSO4H2O 13.18g、MgSO4·7H2O 263.57g、Ca(H2PO3)2·H2O 658.94g、NaCl 21.97g、NaF 0.43g。
8. A method for producing the expanded feed for Japanese eel as set forth in any one of claims 3 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing raw materials:
weighing the raw materials in parts by weight;
(2) coarse crushing, mixing and superfine crushing:
coarsely pulverizing peru super fish meal, fermented soybean meal and monocalcium phosphate, and pulverizing to obtain more than 96% of particles which can pass through a 40-mesh screen to obtain coarsely pulverized components;
mixing choline chloride, bile acid, vitamin mixture and mineral mixture to obtain small material additive;
uniformly mixing the coarse pulverized components and the small material additive, carrying out superfine pulverization, and enabling particles pulverized to be more than 99% to pass through a 80-mesh screen to obtain superfine pulverized components;
(3) tempering, puffing and granulating:
performing steam tempering on the superfine grinding components, performing puffing granulation after tempering, and preparing into puffed particles;
(4) drying:
drying the puffed particles;
(5) vacuum oil injection:
heating the mixed vegetable oil, and spraying the heated mixed vegetable oil on the surface of the expanded particles to enable the mixed vegetable oil to permeate into pores of the feed;
(6) and (3) cooling:
and (3) cooling after vacuum oil injection, and controlling the temperature difference between the cooled feed particles and the room temperature to be less than 5 ℃ to obtain the feed.
9. The method for preparing the expanded feed special for Japanese eels according to claim 8, wherein the tempering temperature in the step (3) is 99-102 ℃, the tempering time is 3min, and the moisture content of the tempered to ultrafine ground components is 20-23%;
the puffing temperature of the step (3) is 150-160 ℃, and the puffing degree is 1.7-1.8; the particle size of the expanded particles is 2.0-2.5 mm;
the drying temperature of the step (4) is 90-105 ℃, the drying time is 15min, and the water content of the dried feed particles is lower than 10%;
and (5) heating the mixed vegetable oil to 60-70 ℃.
10. The use of the expanded feed for eel of any one of claims 1 to 7 in the culture of eel of Japan.
CN202010770371.3A 2020-08-04 2020-08-04 Special puffed feed for Japanese eels and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN111743054A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101040658A (en) * 2006-12-13 2007-09-26 福建天马饲料有限公司 Expanded pelleted feed of grown eel fishes without pollution
CN110731428A (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-01-31 福建海大饲料有限公司 puffed compound feed for breeding black fry eel

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101040658A (en) * 2006-12-13 2007-09-26 福建天马饲料有限公司 Expanded pelleted feed of grown eel fishes without pollution
CN110731428A (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-01-31 福建海大饲料有限公司 puffed compound feed for breeding black fry eel

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
娄鹏等: "饲用油脂的加工技术及应用", 《中国动物保健》 *

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