CN111741862A - 用于敞篷车辆的面料车篷和敞篷车辆 - Google Patents

用于敞篷车辆的面料车篷和敞篷车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111741862A
CN111741862A CN201980013876.0A CN201980013876A CN111741862A CN 111741862 A CN111741862 A CN 111741862A CN 201980013876 A CN201980013876 A CN 201980013876A CN 111741862 A CN111741862 A CN 111741862A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
fabric
absorption
roof
hood
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Pending
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CN201980013876.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
R·梅灵
E·塞弗灵
D·塞博思
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Publication of CN111741862A publication Critical patent/CN111741862A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于敞篷车辆的面料车篷，以如下顺序包括：外部的车篷铺层(2)、隔绝层(4)、吸收层(5)和内部的车篷铺层(7)，其中，吸收层(5)在500Hz的情况下具有10％至65％的吸收系数，在1000Hz的情况下具有15％至110％的吸收系数，在2000Hz的情况下具有33％至115％的吸收系数，在4000Hz的情况下具有60％至110％的吸收系数并且在8000Hz的情况下具有85％至120％的吸收系数。

Description

用于敞篷车辆的面料车篷和敞篷车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于敞篷车辆的面料车篷以及一种敞篷车辆，该敞篷车辆包括这种面料车篷。
背景技术
用于敞篷车辆的面料车篷由现有技术已知。例如DE2013000929A1描述了一种用于敞开的乘用车的面料车篷，该面料车篷具有外部的车篷面料、用于朝着乘用车内部空间装饰车篷面料的内部的顶盖铺层以及布置在车篷面料与顶盖铺层之间的中间铺层，其中，中间铺层为了面料车篷的声学隔绝而具有不透空气的、在声学上主动的覆层。此外，DE202012104315U1描述了一种敞篷车篷覆盖物，该敞篷车篷覆盖物具有覆盖物外皮、内车顶、布置在覆盖物外皮与内车顶之间的隔绝层和布置在覆盖物外皮与内车顶之间的噪音隔绝层。噪音隔绝层由无纺布铺层形成，该无纺布铺层布置在覆盖物外皮与隔绝层之间并且该无纺布铺层经由局部的固定区域固定在覆盖物外皮和/或隔绝层上，从而噪音隔绝层在各固定区域之间是无附接的。已知的面料车篷的缺点是：该面料车篷在噪音吸收高的同时并不提供足够的声学隔绝。
发明内容
从该现有技术出发，本发明的任务是提供一种用于敞篷车辆的面料车篷，该面料车篷基于提高的噪音吸收和改进的声学隔绝而能实现高的噪音舒适度。此外，本发明的任务是提供一种具有非常高的噪音舒适度的敞篷车辆。
所述任务通过一种面料车篷解决，该面料车篷以如下顺序包括：外部的车篷铺层、隔绝层、吸收层和内部的车篷铺层。
在此，外部的车篷铺层是如下铺层，该铺层在将面料车篷安装在敞篷车辆中时与敞篷车辆的周围环境连接。因此，外部的车篷铺层尤其是至少斥水的张紧罩、更好地是还水密封的张紧罩，该张紧罩阻挡天气影响并且基于振动特性的改进而起隔绝噪音作用。
隔绝层详细地不受限制并且有助于改进噪音的隔绝特性。
吸收层的特征在于非常好的吸收噪音的用于吸收来自车辆内部空间噪音的性能。为此，吸收层在500Hz的情况下具有10％至65％的吸收系数，在1000Hz的情况下具有15％至110％的吸收系数，在2000Hz的情况下具有33％至115％的吸收系数，在4000Hz的情况下具有60％至110％的吸收系数并且在8000Hz的情况下具有85％至120％的吸收系数。因此，能够高效地吸收几乎所有存在于车辆内部空间中的噪音。
内部的车篷铺层(内部的车篷铺层形成所谓的车顶)在将面料车篷安装在敞篷车辆中时是面料车篷的与车辆内部空间接触的铺层并且也是可视面。内部的车篷铺层是声音可穿过的并且不作用为阻挡层，在该阻挡层上将反射声波。
根据本发明的面料车篷的各个铺层不必分别完全重叠。相反地，可行的是，个别铺层在其面状延展尺寸方面构造得较小或较大或伸出于其他铺层或缩回于其他铺层。但基本上面料车篷的所有铺层可在最大程度上重叠。
基于其结构上的和功能上的构造，根据本发明的面料车篷的特征在于高的噪音隔绝性能以及尤其是也在于非常好的噪音吸收性能。根据本发明的面料车篷基于层数量少的层构造在空气声学优化方面非常高的功能性的情况下是相对成本适宜的。但这不排除以下可行性：其他的尤其是面料式的铺层可将面料车篷补充完整。
从属权利要求具有本发明的有利的进一步改进方案和设计方案。
根据一种有利的进一步改进方案，在外部的车篷铺层与隔绝层之间布置有载体层。载体层尤其是可构造为无纺布、尤其是构造为针无纺布、和/或构造为塑料膜并且尤其是用于确保相对于围绕的层的滑动特性、尤其是相对于外部的车篷铺层的滑动特性。
无纺布在本发明的意义下理解为由松弛地放在一起的纤维构成的面构成物，这些纤维不相互连接。无纺布的强度仅基于纤维自有的附着。
进一步有利地，为了面料车篷的面状展开，在吸收层与内部的车篷铺层之间布置有车篷弓形架。车篷弓形架尤其是以一个或多个具有空心型材横截面的构件形式存在，例如作为扁平型材、U形型材、L形型材存在，作为管型材或作为开放的型材存在。多个这些构件能够以适合的方式相互连接。得到一种杆式结构，但该杆式结构并不全面地构造在面料车篷中或处。相反地，车篷弓形架部分区段地布置在面料车篷中。
根据另一种有利的进一步改进方案，外部的车篷铺层具有在800g/m2至1500g/m2范围内和尤其是在1100g/m2至1300g/m2范围内的单位面积重量。由此，可提高外部的车篷铺层的接合隔绝、尤其是在高频范围内的接合隔绝。替代地或附加地，外部的车篷铺层的层厚度为0.8mm至2mm和尤其是1.5mm至1.7mm。为了非常好的可成形性和高的噪音隔绝，在1.5mm至1.7mm范围内的层厚度被证明为特别有利的、尤其是当外部的车篷铺层的单位面积重量处于约1240g/m2前后时。
除非有另外说明，否则所述层厚度根据本发明沿面料车篷各个铺层的堆叠方向测量。
另一种有利的进一步改进方案规定，外部的车篷铺层包括塑料层。塑料层详细地不受限制，并且可尤其是包括丙烯酸层、丁基橡胶层、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层、氯丁橡胶层、TPU层、棉花层或其任意组合。
为了优化对噪音的隔绝，隔绝层具有4mm至20mm和尤其是7.5至8.5mm的层厚度。
隔绝层可由不同材料形成。优选地，隔绝层包括泡沫层，因为泡沫的声学隔绝性能是特别高效的。有利地，泡沫构成为聚氨酯泡沫层。替代地或附加地，隔绝层可包括从聚酯、聚醚砜、聚丙烯酸酯、聚酰胺及其混合物中选取的塑料纤维。在此，上文提及的纤维改进了隔绝层的稳定性，这次级有利地作用于声学隔绝特性。此外，替代地或附加地，隔绝层具有520g/m2至2600g/m2和/或133g/m2至666g/m2(尤其是在使用无纺布材料的情况下)、尤其是975g/m2至1190g/m2(尤其是在使用泡沫的情况下)和/或250g/m2至283g/m2(尤其是在使用无纺布材料的情况下)的泡沫单位面积重量。
进一步有利地，吸收层具有8mm至15mm、尤其是10mm至13mm和尤其是11.5mm至12.5mm的层厚度，从而能够改进吸收层的噪音吸收性能。替代地或附加地，有利的是，吸收层具有在300g/m2至600g/m2和尤其是400g/m2至500g/m2范围内的单位面积重量。如果单位面积重量处于300g/m2与600g/m2之间，则提高在高频范围内的吸收度并且可非常好地吸收声音。替代地或附加地，有利的是，吸收层包括泡沫层、孔吸收层、缝口吸收层或含塑料纤维的层或其组合，其中，塑料纤维尤其是从聚酯、聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚醚砜、聚丙烯酸酯、聚酰胺及其混合物中选取。此外，吸收层也可实施为多层式吸收器，即实施为所谓的多层吸收器，并且包括不同类型的层组合。
泡沫层在此特别好地适合用于隔绝和吸收声音。
孔吸收器和缝口吸收器的区别主要在于用于吸收声音的开口的造型。这些吸收层有利地由具有相应的开口的塑料形成。聚丙烯良好地适合作为塑料。
如果吸收层构造为含塑料纤维的层，则所述含塑料纤维的层包括优选从聚酯、聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚醚砜、聚丙烯酸酯、聚酰胺及其混合物中选取的塑料纤维，因为这些塑料纤维的特征在于非常好的和紧密的无纺布形成，同时具有高的密度，从而能够非常好地实现在300g/m2至600g/m2范围内的单位面积重量。
特别有利地，内部的车篷铺层构造成孔格开放的，从而声音不被反射。孔格开放的车篷铺层尤其是优选孔格开放的发泡塑料，并且特别优选地，内部的车篷铺层在此包括孔格开放的聚氨酯泡沫或聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫。
此外，内部的车篷铺层也可包括装饰铺层，所述装饰铺层则设置作为可见铺层。
此外，根据本发明也描述了一种敞篷车辆，该敞篷车辆尤其是构造为敞篷机动车，并且该敞篷车辆包括如上公开的面料车篷。由于使用了根据本发明的面料车篷，敞篷车辆的特征在于基于非常好的声音吸收而在其内部空间中实现的优化的空气声学，从而在敞篷车辆的内部空间中实现优化的空气声学水平。根据本发明的敞篷车辆的噪音舒适度由于非常好的被动声学而因此是优化的。
优选地，敞篷车辆包括具有至少一个透明的玻璃的面料车篷，所述玻璃尤其是形成敞篷车辆的后窗玻璃，从而敞篷车辆也能实现好的视野。
针对根据本发明的面料车篷所描述的优点、有利的效果和进一步改进方案也应用于根据本发明的敞篷车辆。
附图说明
本发明的其他细节、特征和优点由随后的描述和附图得出。附图中：
图1示出说明关于倍频中心频率的吸收系数的图表；以及
图2示出根据本发明的一种实施方式的面料车篷的层构造的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
在各附图中，仅示出根据本发明的面料车篷的对于本发明而言重要的特征。所有其余特征为了清楚起见被省略。
详细地，图1示出如下图表，在该图表中绘制关于倍频中心频率的材料A、B、C和D的吸收系数。在此，倍频中心频率理解为将频率带划分成倍频带和三分之一倍频带或第三带，所述倍频带和三分之一倍频带或第三带的特征在于角频率(上部和下部)和中心频率。数据在使用DIN EN ISO 354(2003.12)、DIN ISO 9613-2(1999.10)、DIN EN 61260(2014.10)和DIN 50014(1985.07)的情况下确定。
材料A至D的单位面积重量和层厚度在此如下：
材料 单位面积重量(g/m<sup>2</sup>) 层厚度(mm)
A 450 12
B 150 12
C 200 21
D 300 25
基于在所给出的频率范围内的吸收特性，所有四种材料A、B、C和D均有资格用作根据本发明的面料车篷中的吸收层。如果材料尤其是被期望用于在低频范围内进行吸收，则材料C和D尤其适合。
图2以剖面图示出用于敞篷车辆的面料车篷1以及尤其是面料车篷的铺层构造或铺层布置。
面料车篷1具有外部的车篷铺层2，该外部的车篷铺层具有1100g/m2至1300g/m2、尤其是1450g/m2的单位面积重量和1.5mm至1.7mm的层厚度。外部的车篷铺层2尤其是层压板，该层压板包括丁基橡胶层，该丁基橡胶层在两侧被两个丙烯酸酯层包围。外部的车篷铺层2形成面料车篷1的最外部的层，所述最外部的层在安置在用于敞篷车辆的车篷中时与敞篷车辆的周围环境发生接触。
在外部的车篷铺层2上连接有一层载体层3。载体层3以无纺布的形式构造并且确保相对于围绕的层的滑动特性、尤其是相对于外部的车篷铺层2的滑动特性。
隔绝层4具有4mm至20mm的层厚度并且或是构造为泡沫层(尤其是聚氨酯泡沫)或是包括由聚酯、聚醚砜、聚丙烯酸酯、聚酰胺及其混合物构成的塑料纤维。
此外，面料车篷1包括吸收层5。吸收层5在500Hz的情况下具有10％至65％的吸收系数，在1000Hz的情况下具有15％至110％的吸收系数，在2000Hz的情况下具有33％至115％的吸收系数，在4000Hz的情况下具有60％至110％的吸收系数并且在8000Hz的情况下具有85％至120％的吸收系数，并且尤其是具有11.5mm至12.5mm的层厚度，并且具有在400g/m2至500g/m2范围内的单位面积重量，从而实现非常好的噪音吸收、尤其是在高频范围内的噪音吸收。吸收层5尤其是包括泡沫层、孔吸收层，缝口吸收层或含塑料纤维的层及其组合，其中，塑料纤维尤其是从聚酯、聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚醚砜、聚丙烯酸酯、聚酰胺及其混合物中选取。
附图标记6表示车篷弓形架，该车篷弓形架尤其是作为杆结构存在。该车篷弓形架用于展开和稳定面料车篷1。
此外，在车篷弓形架6下方布置有内部的车篷铺层7。内部的车篷铺层7在将面料车篷1安装在敞篷车辆中时面向敞篷车辆的内部空间并且尤其是在内部空间中是可见的。内部的车篷铺层7尤其是包括孔格开放的发泡塑料，该发泡塑料包括聚氨酯或聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺。由此，能够满足对关于避免声反射的功能需求的高要求。
通过对各个形成面料车篷1的铺层的铺层布置和设计，获得如下面料车篷，该面料车篷的特征在于非常好的隔绝噪音的以及吸收噪音的性能。
附图标记列表
1 面料车篷
2 外部的车篷铺层
3 载体层
4 隔绝层
5 吸收层
6 车篷弓形架
7 内部的车篷铺层

Claims (10)

1.一种用于敞篷车辆的面料车篷，以如下顺序包括：
-外部的车篷铺层(2)，
-隔绝层(4)，
-吸收层(5)，以及
-内部的车篷铺层(7)，
其中，所述吸收层(5)在500Hz的情况下具有10％至65％的吸收系数，在1000Hz的情况下具有15％至110％的吸收系数，在2000Hz的情况下具有33％至115％的吸收系数，在4000Hz的情况下具有60％至110％的吸收系数并且在8000Hz的情况下具有85％至120％的吸收系数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的面料车篷，其中，在所述外部的车篷铺层(2)与所述隔绝层(4)之间布置有载体层(3)，其中，所述载体层(3)尤其是包括无纺布或塑料膜。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的面料车篷，其中，在所述吸收层(5)与所述内部的车篷铺层(7)之间布置有车篷弓形架(6)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的面料车篷，其中，所述外部的车篷铺层(2)具有在800g/m2至1500g/m2、尤其是1100g/m2至1300g/m2范围内的单位面积重量和/或具有0.8mm至2mm、尤其是1.5mm至1.7mm的层厚度。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的面料车篷，其中，所述外部的车篷铺层(2)包括塑料层、尤其是丙烯酸层、丁基橡胶层、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层、氯丁橡胶层、TPU层、棉花层及其任意组合。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的面料车篷，其中，所述隔绝层(4)具有4mm至20mm、尤其是7.5mm至8.5mm的层厚度，和/或，所述隔绝层(4)包括泡沫层、尤其是聚氨酯泡沫层，和/或，所述隔绝层(4)包括从聚酯、聚醚砜、聚丙烯酸酯、聚酰胺及其混合物中选取的塑料纤维，和/或，所述隔绝层(4)具有520g/m2至2600g/m2和/或133g/m2至666g/m2、尤其是975g/m2至1190g/m2和/或250g/m2至283g/m2的泡沫单位面积重量。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的面料车篷，其中，所述吸收层(5)具有8mm至15mm、尤其是10mm至13mm和尤其是11.5mm至12.5mm的层厚度，和/或，所述吸收层(5)具有在300g/m2至600g/m2、尤其是400g/m2至500g/m2范围内的单位面积重量，和/或，所述吸收层(5)包括泡沫层、孔吸收层、缝口吸收层或含塑料纤维的层或其组合，其中，所述塑料纤维尤其是从聚酯、聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚醚砜、聚丙烯酸酯、聚酰胺及其混合物中选取。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的面料车篷，其中，所述内部的车篷铺层(7)是孔格开放的并且尤其是包括孔格开放的发泡塑料、尤其是孔格开放的聚氨酯泡沫或聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫。
9.一种敞篷车辆、尤其是敞篷机动车，包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的面料车篷(1)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的敞篷车辆，其中，所述面料车篷(1)包括至少一个透明的玻璃、尤其是所述敞篷车辆的后窗玻璃。
CN201980013876.0A 2018-02-23 2019-02-08 用于敞篷车辆的面料车篷和敞篷车辆 Pending CN111741862A (zh)

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