CN111733166B - 刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037及其应用 - Google Patents
刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037,其蛋白序列为SEQ ID NO.1,核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO.2;本申请还提供了该基因在调节葡萄花色苷合成和葡萄着色调控中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本申请属于水果基因工程领域,具体地,本申请提供了一种刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037(GSVIVT01011123001)及其在调节葡萄花色苷合成和葡萄着色调控中的应用。
背景技术
果实色泽是决定葡萄外观品质的重要因素之一。果实着色面积和着色度是判断红色葡萄和黑色葡萄果实成熟度及品质的重要指标,酿酒葡萄和加工葡萄的色素含量直接影响葡萄酒和葡萄汁的品质。葡萄果实色泽成为决定果实商品性的核心因素,同时也是育种的一个关键选择指标,其形成是各种色素综合作用的结果。叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和黄酮类色素是决定果实颜色的三大类色素。随着果实成熟度的提高,果皮中花色苷含量逐渐升高,而叶绿素含量逐渐降低。果实成熟时,果皮叶绿素含量已降低到最低水平,花色苷合成的种类、含量决定了葡萄果实着色程度。
刺葡萄(Vitis davidii)属于葡萄科(Vitaceae)葡萄属(Vitis L.),是东亚分布中心的一个野生种,原产于中国,主要分布在中国南方罗霄山脉、武夷山脉、雪峰山脉及武陵山脉等湿热地区,因枝条上密布皮刺而得名。多数野生葡萄资源果粒较小,然而刺葡萄的果粒直径可达1.6cm,且口感较佳。同时,经过长时间的自然选择,刺葡萄具有较强的适应性与抗性,对于通过杂交育种进行品种改良具有重要意义。因此,刺葡萄是葡萄品种改良的重要遗传材料。MybA转录因子在花色苷合成调控方面的研究较为深入,解释了有色葡萄和无色葡萄的形成机理,但难以解释黄白色和紫黑色葡萄之间丰富过度着色类型形成的原因。中国野生葡萄果实多为黑色,刺葡萄是唯一一个发现有白果株系的中国野生葡萄,为研究葡萄着色机理提供了良好材料。
bHLH(basic helix-loop-helix)转录因子结构域具有高度保守性,最早是在动物中发现的,随后在大量真核生物中发现。拟南芥中发现162个、水稻中发现170个、玉米中发现289个、大豆中发现289个、土豆中发现127个。bHLH结构域包含50-60个氨基酸,由两个不同的部分组成:主要由10-15个碱性氨基酸组成的延伸(基础区域)和由40个氨基酸组成被不同长度颈环结构分开的两个α螺旋(螺旋-颈环-螺旋区域)组成。通过进化树分析,bHLH家族可以分为26个亚家族,其中20个亚家族在苔藓植物和维管植物中都有发现,另外6个亚家族只在维管植物中发现。bHLH转录因子家族在植物生理过程中具有重要调控作用,涉及到生物胁迫、非生物胁迫、色素合成以及发育等方面。尽管bHLH在植物中是一个大家族,但是只有很小一部分被鉴定功能。在拟南芥中,Ⅲf亚家族中的TT8、GL3、EGL3与MYB和WD40形成MBW复合体,调控拟南芥色素合成途径。Ⅲ(d+e)亚家族通过调控茉莉酸信号途径,增加植物抗性,促进色素合成。在草莓‘红颜’、‘小白’和白色突变体‘白雪公主’中,Ⅲf亚家族中的FabHLH29均与色素合成有关。课题组前期通过生物信息学学分析以及表达分析筛选到6个候选基因。随后通过系统发育分析发现VdbHLH037属于Ⅲf亚家族,并通过互作调控网络预测VdbHLH037与花色苷合成相关基因具有相互作用。我们通过巨峰果实瞬时表达以及拟南芥遗传转化验证VdbHLH037在花色苷合成过程中的功能,加深对该基因在葡萄着色调控中作用的理解与研究。
发明内容
本发明以刺葡萄为材料筛选到一个促进花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037,并证明了该基因在花色苷合成方面的功能。
一方面,本申请提供了刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037,其蛋白序列为SEQ IDNO.1,核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO.2
另一方面,本申请提供了包含刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037的载体。
进一步地,载体为过表达载体。
另一方面,本申请提供了调节刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037表达的试剂,或者上述载体在调节植物花色苷合成中的应用。
进一步地,所述的调节植物花色苷合成为促进花色苷积累。
另一方面,本申请提供了调节刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037表达的试剂,或者上述载体在着色调控中的应用。
进一步地,所述的植物为葡萄或拟南芥。
上述刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037的序列不仅限于蛋白序列为SEQ ID NO.1,核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO.2,本领域技术人员可以为了表达、稳定性等目的根据蛋白和基因工程领域常识,改变部分氨基酸或者核苷酸而不影响VdbHLH037调节花色苷合成的基本性质,这样的变体也在本申请保护范围之内。
调节植物花色苷合成和着色调控不仅包括促进花色苷合成,也包括根据产品外观等需要降低花色苷合成。
上述应用中所述的植物,除葡萄、拟南芥之外,还可以为各种含有或可以引入花色苷的食用、药用和观赏类植物,包括但不限于蓝莓、橙、紫薯、甘蓝、茄子、桑葚、草莓、树莓、红莓、山楂、紫苏、牵牛花等,本领域技术人员可以通过常规基因工程手段尝试在这些植物中使用VdbHLH037调控着色或花色苷合成。
所述调节刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037表达的试剂,可以为通过各种已知机理向植物中引入VdbHLH037,在植物中删除VdbHLH037,增加或降低VdbHLH037表达的试剂,这些试剂包括但不限于直接核酸注入所用试剂;导入病毒、脂质体、质粒载体所用试剂;干扰RNA类试剂;化学干扰物;CRISPR技术所用试剂等。
本发明的技术贡献主要在于:
1.通过生物信息学分析结合表达分析,以刺葡萄为材料筛选到促进花色苷合成的基因VdbHLH037。
2.本发明首次构建了pHB-35S-VdbHLH037过量表达载体,通过‘巨峰’果实瞬时表达技术研究刺葡萄VdbHLH037基因在花色苷合成过程中的作用,结果表明与对照相比,过表达材料花色苷含量升高,果皮色差(a*,b*)具有显著差异。
3.本发明首次构建了pCAMBIA3301-35S-VdbHLH037过量表达载体,并通过蘸花法获得转基因拟南芥,研究刺葡萄VdbHLH037基因在花色苷合成过程中的作用。结果表明与对照相比,3个转基因株系的花色苷含量显著增加,同时与花色苷合成相关的基因AtCHI,AtCHS,AtF3H,AtDFR,AtLDOX与AtUGT78D2的表达量上调,且与花色苷含量一致。
以上结果均表明刺葡萄VdbHLH037基因在花色苷合成过程中起到积极的作用。
附图说明
图1:以拟南芥bHLH家族为参考,对葡萄bHLH家族结构域进行分析:A图是对葡萄bHLH家族结构保守性进行分析,B图是对葡萄bHLH家族DNA结合能力进行分析。
图2:葡萄、拟南芥与番茄bHLH家族之间旁系同源与直系同源分析:A图是葡萄与拟南芥bHLH家族之间旁系同源与直系同源分析,蓝色代表葡萄bHLH家族旁系同源基因,绿色代表拟南芥bHLH家族旁系同源基因,红色代表葡萄与拟南芥bHLH家族直系同源基因。B图是葡萄与番茄bHLH家族之间旁系同源与直系同源分析,蓝色代表葡萄bHLH家族旁系同源基因,绿色代表番茄bHLH家族旁系同源基因,红色代表葡萄与番茄bHLH家族直系同源基因。
图3:以拟南芥为参考,对葡萄bHLH家族进行系统发育分析。
图4:葡萄bHLH家族表达量分析。B1、B2和B3代表黑果刺葡萄花后40天、80天与120天的果实;W1、W2和W3代表白果刺葡萄花后40天、80天与120天的果实。
图5:对候选基因进行qRT-PCR验证。
图6:对候选基因进行互作基因调控网络预测。
图7:巨峰果实瞬时表达验证VdbHLH037基因功能:A图是VC(包含对照载体pHB)与OE(包含过表达载体pHB-35S-VdbHLH037)的农杆菌侵染6天后的巨峰果实;B图是通过PR-PCR筛选包含VC与OE的农杆菌侵染2、4、6与8天的具有潮霉素基因(抗性标记基因)的巨峰果实;C图是VC与OE的颜色参数(a*,b*,L*);D图是VC与OE的花色苷含量。
图8:转基因拟南芥验证VdbHLH037基因功能:A图是四周大的转基因株系(OE-2,OE-3,OE-5)与对照拟南芥表型;B图是四周大的转基因株系(OE-2,OE-3,OE-5)与对照拟南芥花色苷含量;C图是qRT-PCR检测四周大的转基因株系(OE-2,OE-3,OE-5)与对照拟南芥AtCHI,AtCHS,AtF3H,AtDFR,AtLDOX和AtUGT78D2表达量。
具体实施方式
实施例1
VdbHLH037的筛选和功能预测
本发明所取材料为定植于中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所国家果树种质郑州葡萄葡的黑果和白果刺葡萄花后40天(转色前),80天(转色期)和120天(成熟期)的果实。每个时期设置3个生物学重复。RNA提取使用天根多糖多酚植物总RNA提取试剂盒(北京天根生化科技有限公司),1%琼脂糖凝胶检测提取RNA有无降解和污染。使用Thermo Nanodrop 1000微量紫外分光光度计(美国)检测RNA的纯度和浓度。建库,检验合格后在Illumina Hiseq2000测序平台进行100bp双端测序。去掉含有测序接头、位置碱基和低质量的reads后,以基因组数据库(https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/pz/portal.html#!info?alias=Org_Vdinifera)为参考基因组筛选出137个葡萄bHLH基因。通过生物信息学分析,去掉假基因,最终获得115个葡萄bHLH基因
通过对葡萄115个bHLH基因构成结构域的65个氨基酸残基进行分析,发现bHLH家族在植物中的保守性比动物中更高,说明bHLH家族在植物中具有重要的功能。此外,葡萄bHLH家族E-box蛋白结合比率低于拟南芥与番茄,说明了葡萄bHLH家族结合基序的多样性。因此,认为葡萄bHLH家族在调控葡萄果实生长发育过程中具有更多的功能。比较基因组学研究发现虽然在进化过程中部分bHLH基因丢失,但是由于全基因组复制事件(α,β,γ),bHLH基因的数量在增加,并且高等植物与后生动物的bHLH基因数量多余低等植物与菌类。葡萄虽然没有经历γ事件,但是系统发育分析表明葡萄bHLH家族可分为25个亚家族,表明葡萄bHLH家族在进化过程中保留了较为完整的功能。通过对黑果和白果刺葡萄果实3个时期bHLH家族进行表达分析,发现VdbHLH003,Vdb HLH004,VdbHLH033,VdbHLH037,VdbHLH062与VdbHLH097在黑果刺葡萄着色期表达量显著上调,在在白果刺葡萄三个时期表达量较低或几乎不表达。通过qRT-PCR检测以上基因在黑果和白果刺葡萄果实3个时期的表达量,结果与转录组结果一致。通过STRIN G(https://string-db.org/cgi/input.pl?sessionId=M2UJcNuSr7PV&input_page_show_search=on)预测候选基因的互作调控网络。VdbHLH003与AtAMS为同源基因,对于绒毡层发育具有重要作用。同时对于雄蕊育性,花粉分化以及花药小孢子减数分裂后的发育具有重要作用;VdbHLH004与AtBPEp为同源基因,对于细胞膨大具有重要作用,通过调控生长素响应基因最终决定花瓣大小;VdbHLH033与AtFRU为同源基因,与铁离子吸收相关;VdbHLH037与AtTT8为同源基因,拟南芥中,AtTT8与AtTT2和AtTTG1形成MBW转录复合体调控花色苷合成,AtF3H主要负责类黄酮物质的催化修饰,AtDFR与AtLDOX催化类黄酮合成途径进入花色苷合成途径,UFGT催化花色素的糖基化过程,MYB113和M YB114涉及涉及到调控花色苷合成。VdbHLH062与AtILR3为同源基因,对酰胺键的连接起到负调控;VdbHLH097与At1G22490为同源基因,功能目前尚不清楚。系统发育分析结果表明VdbHLH037属于Ⅲ(f)亚家族。已有研究表明草莓Ⅲ(f)亚家族FabHLH29,矮牵牛Ⅲ(f)亚家族FhGL3L、FhTT8L与菊花Ⅲ(f)亚家族CmbHLH2均与花色苷合成有关。因此,推测VdbHLH037与花色苷合成有关。
实施例2
过量表达载体的构建和应用
发明人以黑果刺葡萄果皮RNA反转录合成cDNA第一链为模板,利用引物5'-ATGGCTGCGCCGCCGAATAGC-3'与5'-TCAGCACTGGGGTATTATTTG-3'(SEQ ID NO.3、4),首次扩增了VdbHLH037基因,该基因序列全长2445bp,包含一个完整的1863bp的开放性阅读框,317bp的5'-非编码区(UTR)和265bp的3'UTR,编码620个氨基酸的蛋白,预测分子量69.3KDa,预测等电点为5.73。
通过同源重组与BamH I单酶切构建过表达载体pHB-35S-VdbHLH037:根据刺葡萄VdbHLH037cDNA序列和pHB中BamH I酶切位点两侧序列与同源重组要求设计引物:VdbHLH037-pHB-F:5'-CTCTTCTCAAGCTTGGATCCATGGCTGCGCCGCCGAATAGC-3'和VdbHLH037-pHB-R:5'-CTCCTGCAGCTCGAGGATCCTCAGCACTGGGGTATTATTTG-3'(SEQ ID NO.5、6)进行PCR产物扩增,检测,纯化回收;用BamH I内切酶酶切pHB载体,37℃孵育4h,纯化回收用全式金Quick-Fusion Clong Kit将PCR产物克隆到pHB载体。
将pHB-35S-VdbHLH037与pHB空载通过热激法转入农杆菌GV3101。采用LB培养基28℃培养菌液至OD600为1,去上清,收集菌落。加入10mM MgCl2,10mM MES,100uM乙酰丁香酮,pH 5.8,28℃培养4h用于侵染花后45d的果实,过表达与对照分别注射100粒果实,每粒注射1ml,通过潮霉素RT-PCR结果检测侵染结果,具有过表达载体与空载的农杆菌侵染的果实均可检出潮霉素表达,仅用农杆菌侵染的果实未能检出潮霉素表达。侵染8d后过表达具有红斑的果实有34粒,对照具有红斑的果实有14粒。过表达a*值高于对照,b*值低于对照,说明过表达果实着色较好。过表达果实的花色苷含量显著高于对照,表明VdbHLH037可促进花色苷积累(图7)。
为了进一步验证VdbHLH037在花色苷合成过程中的功能,我通过同源重组与Nco I与BglⅡ双酶切构建过表达载体pCAMBIA3301-35S-VdbHLH037:根据刺葡萄VdbHLH037cDNA序列和pCAMBIA3301中NcoI,BglII酶切位点两侧序列与同源重组要求设计引物:VdbHLH037-pCAMBIA3301-F:5'-GAACACGGGGGACTCTTGACATGGCTGCGCCGCCGAATAGC-3'VdbHLH037-pCAMBIA3301-R:5'-TAGAAATTTACCCTCAGATCTCAGCACTGGGGTATTATTTG-3'(SEQID NO.7、8)进行PCR产物扩增,检测,纯化回收用NcoI,BglII内切酶酶切pCAMBIA3301载体,37℃孵育4h,纯化回收。用全式金Quick-Fusion Clong Kit将PCR产物克隆到pCAMBIA3301载体
将pCAMBIA3301-35S-VdbHLH037与pCAMBIA3301空载通过热激法转入农杆菌GV3101。蘸花法侵染拟南芥。通过除草剂(1/2000Basta)进行抗性植株筛选,PCR检测T1抗性植株,将筛选出的阳性植株单株种下,收获T2代种子。通过含草铵膦(7mg/L)的MS培养基筛选绿苗与黄苗比例为3:1的T2代阳性植株,将绿苗移入基质,通过草铵膦筛选为转基因纯系后,T3代阳性植株用于后续实验。与4周大的对照相比,3个转基因株系(OE-2,OE-3,OE-5)叶片表现出明显的紫黑色。3个转基因株系的花色苷含量明显对照,结果与表型一致。通过qRT-PCR检测对照与转基因株系与花色苷合成相关基因表达量,3个转基因株系中AtCHI,AtCHS,AtF3H,AtDFR,AtLDOX与AtUGT78D2表达量均高于对照,结果表明VdbHLH037通过调控花色苷合成相关基因促进花色苷积累(图8)。
以上结果表明刺葡萄VdbHLH037基因可促进花色苷积累。
序列表
<110> 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所
<120> 刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037及其应用
<160> 8
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 620
<212> PRT
<213> 刺葡萄(Vitis davidii Foex)
<400> 1
Met Ala Ala Pro Pro Asn Ser Arg Leu Gln Ser Met Leu Gln Ser Ala
1 5 10 15
Val Gln Ser Val Arg Trp Thr Tyr Ser Leu Phe Trp Gln Ile Cys Pro
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Gln Gln Gly Ile Leu Val Trp Gly Asp Gly Tyr Tyr Asn Gly Ala Ile
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Lys Thr Arg Lys Thr Val Gln Pro Met Glu Val Ser Ala Glu Glu Ala
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Ser Leu Gln Arg Ser Gln Gln Leu Arg Glu Leu Tyr Glu Ser Leu Ser
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Ala Gly Glu Thr Asn Gln Pro Ala Arg Arg Pro Cys Ala Ala Leu Ser
85 90 95
Pro Glu Asp Leu Thr Glu Ser Glu Trp Phe Tyr Leu Met Cys Val Ser
100 105 110
Phe Ser Phe Pro Pro Gly Val Gly Leu Pro Gly Lys Ala Tyr Ala Lys
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Arg His His Ile Trp Leu Ala Gly Ala Asn Glu Val Asp Ser Lys Val
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Phe Ser Arg Ala Ile Leu Ala Lys Ser Ala Arg Val Gln Thr Val Val
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Cys Ile Pro Leu Met Asp Gly Val Val Glu Phe Gly Thr Thr Glu Lys
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Val Gln Glu Asp Leu Gly Phe Val Gln His Val Lys Ser Phe Phe Thr
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Asp His Gln Leu His Asn His Pro Pro Lys Pro Ala Leu Ser Glu His
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Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Glu Ala
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Glu Ser Asp Ser Glu Ala Glu Thr Gly Arg Asn Asn Arg Arg Leu Ile
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Gln Leu Glu Met Ser Glu Gly Ile Arg Leu Gly Ser Pro Asp Asp Gly
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Ser Asn Asn Leu Asp Ser Asp Phe His Met Leu Ala Val Ser Gln Pro
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Gly Ser Ser Pro Pro Pro Gln Pro Pro Thr Gly Pro Pro Pro Leu Asp
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Glu Leu Ser His Glu Asp Thr His Tyr Ser Gln Thr Val Ser Thr Ile
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Leu Gln His Gln Pro Asn Arg Trp Ser Glu Ser Ser Ser Ser Gly Cys
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Ile Ala Pro Tyr Ser Ser Gln Ser Ala Phe Ala Lys Trp Thr Thr Arg
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Cys Asp His His His His Pro Met Ala Val Glu Gly Thr Ser Gln Trp
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Leu Leu Lys Tyr Ile Leu Phe Ser Val Pro Phe Leu His Thr Lys Tyr
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Arg Asp Glu Asn Ser Pro Lys Ser Arg Asp Gly Asp Ser Ala Gly Arg
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Phe Arg Lys Gly Thr Pro Gln Asp Glu Leu Ser Ala Asn His Val Leu
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Ala Glu Arg Arg Arg Arg Glu Lys Leu Asn Glu Arg Phe Ile Ile Leu
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gatgggtatt acaatggggc aatcaagact aggaagacgg tgcaaccaat ggaggtcagc 180
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gctggagaaa ccaaccagcc agcaaggcgg ccatgtgccg ccttgtcgcc ggaggacttg 300
accgagtcgg agtggttcta cctgatgtgt gtctctttct catttcctcc tggggtgggg 360
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caggaggagg aggaggagga ggaagaggag gaggaggagg aagaggaaga agaagaagct 720
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tcggagggca tacggctggg atcaccagat gacggctcca acaatctgga ctcagacttt 840
cacatgctgg ctgtgagcca gccagggagc tcacctccac cacaaccacc gacagggccc 900
cctccattgg atgaattatc acatgaggac acacactatt cacaaaccgt ctcaaccatc 960
cttcaacacc agccgaaccg gtggtcggag tcgtcgtcgt ccggatgcat tgcgccatac 1020
tccagccaat cagcgtttgc caagtggact acccgctgcg accatcacca ccaccccatg 1080
gctgtggagg gcacctccca gtggctgctc aaatacatcc tctttagcgt tcccttcctc 1140
cacaccaagt accgcgacga gaactctccg aaatcccgcg acggcgactc cgccggtcgg 1200
ttccgcaagg gaacgcctca ggacgagctc agcgccaacc acgtcctcgc cgaacgccgc 1260
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aaaatccaag atctggaggc tcgaacacgg cagatggagg tggaacagcg atcgagagga 1440
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tga 1863
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Claims (3)
1.刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037在调节植物花色苷合成中的应用,其特征在于,所述刺葡萄花色苷合成基因VdbHLH037核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO.2,所述的调节植物花色苷合成为促进花色苷积累。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,所述的植物为刺葡萄。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,所述的植物为拟南芥。
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