CN111727357A - 具有方向依赖性的光传感器的运输工具玻璃板 - Google Patents

具有方向依赖性的光传感器的运输工具玻璃板 Download PDF

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CN111727357A
CN111727357A CN202080000328.7A CN202080000328A CN111727357A CN 111727357 A CN111727357 A CN 111727357A CN 202080000328 A CN202080000328 A CN 202080000328A CN 111727357 A CN111727357 A CN 111727357A
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light
glass layer
arrangement
sensitive elements
vehicle
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C.马蒂森
G.瓦尔加
R.施特尔策
B.卡普兰
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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    • G01J1/4204—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors with determination of ambient light
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有方向依赖性的光传感器的运输工具玻璃板，所述光传感器具有第一玻璃层(1)和第二玻璃层(9)，其中在第一玻璃层(1)和第二玻璃层(9)之间布置有基本上平行于第一玻璃层(1)的光敏元件(5)的排列，其中该玻璃板此外具有遮光板(7)，使得光能够穿过第二玻璃层(9)和遮光板(7)入射到光敏元件(5)中的至少一个上，其中根据入射光的方向，传感器提供指示该方向的信号，其中光敏元件(5)的排列具有相机/摄像机芯片，并且其中光敏元件(5)的排列是布置在柔性膜(4)上的。

Description

具有方向依赖性的光传感器的运输工具玻璃板
本发明涉及具有方向依赖性的光传感器的运输工具玻璃板。
已知配备有高分辨率相机/摄像机的运输工具。这些高分辨率相机/摄像机用于各种目的。然而，它们按照附加信息的指示，例如环境光识别，来提供它们的功能。所述附加信息例如用于控制拍摄参数，例如遮光板的拍摄参数，以使相机/摄像机系统匹配于变化的条件，从而能够为用户提供有效的图像。
由于必要的光学系统，这些相机/摄像机体积如此之大，以至于不能将它们集成到运输工具玻璃板中。
此外，已知例如配备有光传感器的运输工具玻璃板。这种传感器例如用于识别环境光和/或用作运输工具玻璃板上的液滴的检测器(雨水检测器) 。
典型的传感器是基于强度的，其中将光直接或间接地通过透镜-和反射镜系统引导到光电电阻/光电晶体管/光电二极管/光敏元件上。
然而，这些传感器不适合区分环境光与其它源的光，例如太阳照射/(例如迎面而来的运输工具的)前灯或其各自的反射。
也就是说，除了信息光/无光和可能的强度之外，不能获得另外的信息。
由美国专利9,041,135 B2已知一种用于航空运输工具的整体式太阳传感器排列，其中在半导体基底上提供光敏元件。
整体式传感器不仅由于其大小而且由于与电子部件的连接问题而不适合集成到运输工具玻璃板中。
由美国专利6,521,882 B1已知另一种光学传感器。它同样是独立的具有透镜排列的传感器。然而，该传感器仅能实现确定一个仰角。因此不能实现方向确定。同样地，该传感器不仅由于其大小而且由于与电子部件的连接问题而不适合集成到运输工具玻璃板中。
然而，同时存在对方向信息的需求。此外，希望对此功能以节省空间的方式集成到运输工具玻璃板中。
基于这种情况，本发明的目的是，提供具有方向依赖性的光传感器的运输工具玻璃板。
所述目的通过具有方向依赖性的光传感器的运输工具玻璃板来实现，所述运输工具玻璃板具有第一玻璃层和第二玻璃层，其中在第一玻璃层和第二玻璃层之间布置有基本上平行于第一玻璃层的光敏元件的排列，其中所述运输工具玻璃板此外具有遮光板，使得光能够穿过第二玻璃层和遮光板入射到光敏元件中的至少一个上，其中根据入射光的方向，传感器提供指示该方向的信号。所述光敏元件的排列具有相机/摄像机芯片。根据本发明的另一实施方式，该光敏元件的排列是布置在柔性膜上的。
也就是说，本发明以简单的方式提供了方向依赖性的光传感器，借助于该光传感器可以识别入射光的方向并因此可以区分其是日光还是迎面而来的运输工具的光。此外，本发明可以基于已证实的组件概念来构建，从而可以保持低的开发成本和/或制造成本。用本发明可以为例如弯曲的运输工具玻璃板提供这种排列。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，遮光板和光敏元件的排列之间的中间空间具有折射率小于第二玻璃层的折射率的材料。
通过合适地选择折射率，可以合适地设定折射，使得例如出射角大于入射角，由此可以合适地设定角分辨率。
在本发明的另一实施方式中，光敏元件的排列具有阵列状的至少4个光敏元件的排列。
也就是说，借助于象限识别，能够以特别简单的方式进行方向识别。
在本发明的又一实施方式中，在第一玻璃层和第二玻璃层之间布置有复合材料，所述复合材料选自聚酰亚胺、聚氨酯、聚亚甲基甲基丙烯酸、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、FR6、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚酰胺。
因此，本发明也可以毫无困难地适用于复合玻璃板系统中。
基本上所有在制造和使用根据本发明的运输工具玻璃板的条件下是热和化学稳定的电绝缘的基底都适合作为玻璃层。
玻璃层优选包含玻璃，特别优选平板玻璃、浮法玻璃、石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙玻璃或透明塑料，优选刚性透明塑料，特别是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氯乙烯和/或它们的混合物。
根据本发明的又一实施方式，所述膜具有50μm至500μm的厚度。
在本发明的另一实施方式中，遮光板构造为孔板。孔板是可以特别简单地制造的并且在其光学特性方面可以良好地控制。
在本发明的又一实施方式中，遮光板以预定的距离布置在光敏元件的排列和第二玻璃层之间。
也就是说，通过提供预构造的系统，可以保持低的开发成本以及制造成本。
在不限制一般性的情况下，本发明也允许提供具有根据本发明的运输工具玻璃板的运输工具。在此，所述运输工具尤其可以是陆地-、水上-、航空-或航天运输工具，不排除它们的混合形式。
下面借助于附图和实施例对本发明进行详细解释。附图是示意性的图示并且不是按比例的。附图不以任何方式限制本发明。
其中：
图1示出了一个根据本发明的方面的层的排列的示意性横截面，
图2示出了一个根据本发明的方面的层的排列的示意性横截面和示例性的光入射，
图3示出了一个根据本发明的方面的层的排列的示意性横截面和示例性的光入射，和
图4示出了本发明实施方式中的光敏元件的排列的示意性俯视图。
下面将参照附图更详细地说明本发明。在此要注意的是，描述不同的方面，这些方面可以各自单独地或组合地使用。也就是说，每个方面都可以与本发明的不同的实施方式一起使用，只要没有明确地作为纯粹的替代方案示出。
此外，为了简单起见，下面通常总是仅涉及一个实体。但是，只要没有明确说明，本发明也可以各自具有多个相关的实体。在这方面，词语"一"、“一种”和"一个"的使用应被理解为仅指在一个简单的实施方式中使用了至少一个实体。
只要下面描述方法，方法的各个步骤可以以任意顺序排列和/或组合，只要通过上下文没有明确得出不同。此外，所述方法-只要没有明确另外说明-可以彼此组合。
具有数值的数据通常不应被理解为精确值，而是还包括+/- 1％至最多+/- 10％的公差。
只要在本申请中提及标准、规范等，则至少始终涉及在申请日可使用的标准、规范等。也就是说，标准/规范等被更新或被后继者替换，则本发明也能够适用。
在附图中示出了不同的实施方式。
在图1-3中示意性地示出了根据本发明的实施方式的具有方向依赖性的光传感器的运输工具玻璃板。
该运输工具玻璃板具有第一玻璃层1和第二玻璃层9。玻璃层1和9可以是平坦的也可以是弯曲的。在下文中，我们将由待检查的光入射通过第二玻璃层9出发。
在第一玻璃层1和第二玻璃层9之间，光敏元件5的排列是基本上平行于第一玻璃层1来布置的。在不限制一般性的情况下，光敏元件5的排列也可替代地或附加地是基本上平行于第二玻璃层9来布置的。
此外，该运输工具玻璃板具有遮光板，使得光可以穿过第二玻璃层9和遮光板7入射到光敏元件5中的至少一个上，其中根据入射光的方向，传感器提供指示该方向的信号。
在此，本发明-如现在将参照图2和3所阐述的那样-采用通过遮光板7将来自遮光板前方的不同立体角的光也投射到遮光板后方的不同立体角上。因此，提供一种成本有利的针孔相机/摄像机，其在没有其它光学系统的情况下允许可靠的且成本有利的方向检测。
然后，借助于合适的评估线路（Auswerteschaltung），例如借助于测量用电桥、比较仪（Comperatoren）等，可以根据电信号决定，光从哪个(大致的)空间方向中入射。在此，所述评估线路同样可以集成到运输工具玻璃板中或者为此在外部提供。
也就是说，本发明以简单的方式提供方向依赖性的光传感器，借助于该光传感器可以识别入射光的方向并因此可以区分其是日光还是迎面而来的运输工具的光。
在一个非常简单的排列中，光敏元件5的排列-如图4中所示-具有阵列状的至少4个光敏元件的排列。
借助于该排列，可以区分不同方向的光。如果光只射到一个确定的光敏元件上，则可以给该光敏元件分配一个确定的空间角度。
如果例如光射到右下方元件5RU上，则可以由此得出第一确定的空间角度范围。如果例如光射到右上方元件5RO上，则可以得出第二确定的空间角度范围。
相反，如果光射到右下方元件5RU和右上方元件5RO上，则可以由此推断出光的来源来自于第一确定的空间角度范围和第二确定的空间角度范围的重叠区域/边界区域。
也就是说，借助于简单的评估逻辑已经能够以特别简单的方式进行象限识别并因此进行方向识别。
在本发明的实施方式中，光敏元件5的排列具有相机/摄像机芯片。
在此可以提供，评估所有或仅部分量的可供使用的像素。此外可以提供，将相邻的像素作为像素组共同评估，以确保快速处理。然而，这也随之出现立体角分辨率的损失。
此外，相机/摄像机芯片提供单独评估颜色通道的可能性。因此，可以例如从与角度范围相关的不同颜色强度获得关于光源（例如人造光(前灯光)或日光）的其它信息。在合适的尺寸和取向的情况下，甚至可以识别交通信号，例如交通信号灯、报警信号灯等。该排列在此允许同时借助不同的方向(和颜色组成)识别不同的光源。此外，在相应的分辨率下，通过光敏元件5也可以提供空间结构的识别，例如隧道、桥梁、路灯、交通信号灯。
也就是说，本发明可以基于已证实的组件概念来构建，从而可以保持低的开发成本和/或制造成本。
在图3中示出的一个实施方式中，遮光板7和光敏元件5的排列之间的中间空间6具有折射率小于第二玻璃层9的折射率的材料。在此，中间空间6可以被填充或者保持为空腔。
通过合适地选择折射率，可以合适地设定折射，使得例如出射角大于入射角，由此可以合适地设定角分辨率。也就是说，也可以提供非常小的结构高度（Bauhöhen）。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，运输工具玻璃板在第一玻璃层1和第二玻璃层9之间具有包围层3。围绕层3具有复合材料，所述复合材料选自聚酰亚胺、聚氨酯、聚亚甲基甲基丙烯酸、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、FR6、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚酰胺。
因此，本发明也可以毫无困难地适用于复合玻璃板系统中。
在本发明的实施方式中，光敏元件5的排列是布置在柔性膜4上的，例如布置在柔性印刷电路板上。
用本发明可以为例如弯曲的运输工具玻璃板提供这种排列。
在本发明的另一实施方式中，膜4具有50μm至500μm，尤其是约300μm的厚度。
在本发明的另一实施方式中，遮光板构造为孔板。孔板是可以特别简单地制造的并且在其光学特性方面可以良好地控制。
在本发明的又一实施方式中，遮光板4以预定距离布置在光敏元件5的排列和第二玻璃层9之间。
遮光板4例如能够具有大约0.5 mm和更小的，尤其是0.025 mm和更小的材料厚度。
在不限制一般性的情况下，遮光板7和光敏元件5的排列之间的距离为0.8 mm和更小，尤其是0.6 mm和更小。
也就是说，通过提供预构造的系统，可以保持低的开发成本以及制造成本。
在不限制一般性的情况下，本发明也允许提供具有根据本发明的运输工具玻璃板的运输工具。在此，所述运输工具尤其可以是陆地-、水上-、航空-或航天运输工具，不排除它们的混合形式。
在附图中示出其它任选的连接层8或2。任选的连接层2可以单独地、替代于任选的连接层8地或者与任选的连接层8组合地存在。所述任选的连接层8或2同样可以由与围绕层相同的/相同类型的材料制成，也就是说由复合材料制成。典型地，所述任选的连接层8或2具有0.01 mm的厚度。借助于连接层，可以例如与玻璃层9的厚度相互配合，在遮光板7与光敏元件5的排列的预定距离的情况下设定角度范围。
也就是说，本发明允许层压入光学传感器矩阵5。这可以被实施为相机/摄像机芯片。通过提供遮光板7，提供类似于针孔相机/摄像机的简单的光学成像。
在此，光学特性足以能够分离地成像立体角范围，从而可以有效地进行光源的立体角范围的识别。
在此，方向传感器可以被引入到运输工具玻璃板本身中。
借助于这种方向传感器例如可以根据太阳入射方向调节平视显示器的亮度，该平视显示器可以提供在运输工具玻璃板本身上。此外，方向信息(以及强度信息)可以被提供用于其它目的，例如光控制。
通过选择遮光板7与光敏元件5的排列的距离以及通过选择可能的中间层8的厚度和/或选择用于中间空间6的材料，可以合适地选择可供分析使用的空间角度范围。借助于遮光板7的开口的大小，例如0.5 mm或更小，特别是0.1 mm或更小，可以在必要的光强度和与可供使用的遮光板7与光敏元件5(及其大小)的排列之间的距离相关的分辨率之间选择合适的分辨率。
要注意的是，光敏元件5的排列也可以布置在可能的黑色印刷物下，只要确保光能从合适的空间角度范围射入遮光板7中。这例如可以通过相对小的空隙（Aussparung）来提供。
能够毫无困难地将光敏元件5的排列、遮光板7和膜4预制为用于嵌入到复合玻璃制玻璃板中的预制结构单元。
中间层6可以由玻璃、聚合物、氮化硅等制成。它也可以具有滤光功能（Filterfunktionen）和/或抗反射特性(例如红外辐射/ UV辐射) 。
附图标记列表
1 第一玻璃层
2 连接层（任选）
3 围绕层
4 柔性膜
5 光敏元件的排列
6 中间层（任选）
7 遮光板
8 连接层（任选）
9 第二玻璃层

Claims (9)

1.具有方向依赖性的光传感器的运输工具玻璃板，所述光传感器具有第一玻璃层(1)和第二玻璃层(9)，其中在第一玻璃层(1)和第二玻璃层(9)之间布置有基本上平行于第一玻璃层(1)的光敏元件(5)的排列，其中该玻璃板此外具有遮光板(7)，使得光能够穿过第二玻璃层(9)和遮光板(7)入射到光敏元件(5)中的至少一个上，其中根据入射光的方向，传感器提供指示该方向的信号，其中光敏元件(5)的排列具有相机/摄像机芯片，并且其中光敏元件(5)的排列是布置在柔性膜(4)上的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的运输工具玻璃板，其特征在于，遮光板(7)与光敏元件(5)的排列之间的中间空间(6)具有折射率小于第二玻璃层(9)的折射率的材料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的运输工具玻璃板，其特征在于，光敏元件(5)的排列具有阵列状的至少4个光敏元件的排列。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的运输工具玻璃板，其特征在于，在第一玻璃层(1)和第二玻璃层(9)之间布置有复合材料，所述复合材料选自聚酰亚胺、聚氨酯、聚亚甲基甲基丙烯酸、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、FR6、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚酰胺。
5.根据权利要求4所述的运输工具玻璃板，其特征在于，所述膜具有50 µm至500 µm的厚度。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的运输工具玻璃板，其特征在于，遮光板(7)是孔板。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的运输工具玻璃板，其特征在于，遮光板(7)以预定的距离布置在光敏元件(5)的排列和第二玻璃层(9)之间。
8.运输工具，其具有根据前述权利要求之一所述的运输工具玻璃板。
9.根据权利要求8所述的运输工具，其特征在于，所述运输工具是陆地-、水上-、航空-或航天运输工具。
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