CN111701030A - 主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备方法 - Google Patents

主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111701030A
CN111701030A CN202010712369.0A CN202010712369A CN111701030A CN 111701030 A CN111701030 A CN 111701030A CN 202010712369 A CN202010712369 A CN 202010712369A CN 111701030 A CN111701030 A CN 111701030A
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薛鹏
焦晓丹
康跃军
张蕾
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备方法,是以药物化学为合成基础的新型纳米粒子材料,利用其特有的优良性质用于肿瘤成像与治疗。粒子合成主要包括黑色缺陷型纳米二氧化锆的制备、羧基的修饰以及靶向小分子多肽的连接,最终形成一种新型的纳米粒子复合体。这种纳米粒子的具体制备方法包括以下几个步骤:1)通过高温还原制备黑色缺陷型二氧化锆纳米粒子;2)通过与聚乙二醇(PEG)反应在其表面修饰羧基;3)穿膜肽(cRGD)通过共价键的方式与修饰后的黑色二氧化锆纳米粒子连接。最终得到的纳米粒子复合体具有良好的生物相容性、生物安全性、生物成像、主动靶向能力以及良好的肿瘤治疗效果。

Description

主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及化学药物领域,具体涉及载cRGD且有声动力效果的缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备与用途。
背景技术
随着纳米生物医学领域的发展,越来越多的研究者致力于研究纳米材料在肿瘤诊疗中的应用,其中外源性刺激触发肿瘤的消融已经成为了一种热点研究。光热治疗作为一种利用具有光热转换效果的材料将近红外光转化为热的一种治疗方式,其优点在于穿透性强、高专一性以及有效性等。光热治疗分为近红外一区光热疗法以及近红外二区光热疗法,其中,近红外二区的光热疗法穿透性更强,适用于消融深层肿瘤,更具有临床意义。但是,近些年对于光热疗法的研究仍存在诸多不足。例如,传统小分子光热制剂的低稳定性,高毒性以及光热转换效率低等问题,这些问题都亟待解决。声动力治疗作为一种近年来的新型治疗手段,被广泛研究。其原理是利用超声波刺激声敏剂,使其将氧气或水转换为活性氧,从而消灭肿瘤细胞。由于超声波的穿透性更强,且安全性更高,声动力治疗的前景十分光明,但是其在治疗上仍存在一些限制,其中最大的限制便是声敏剂的性能。声敏剂大多数为小分子制剂,其毒性强,血液循环时间短以及容易聚集,性能不稳定等都是限制声动力效果的最大阻碍。因此声敏剂的使用总是伴随着纳米载体的存在,从而克服光敏制剂的不足。
针对传统小分子光热制剂的不足,现在已有很对研究者致力于采用稳定性强且具有低生物毒性的无机纳米材料来进行光热治疗,例如二氧化硅、金纳米粒子、石墨烯等。缺陷型材料作为一种性质优异的材料,大多是通过高温还原反应,使其表面形成大量的氧空位,从而生成缺陷,这种金属氧化物表面的缺陷使其表面晶格紊乱,表面形成一层无定型的外壳,这种外壳可以使材料对光的吸收利用率大大提升。二氧化锆作为一种绝缘体,被广泛应用于陶瓷,隔热装置以及耐高温材料,鲜少有人将其用于肿瘤治疗当中。然而其高稳定性以及良好的生物相容性却正是肿瘤诊疗所需要的,因此,合成缺陷型的二氧化锆(ZrO2-X),并研究其在肿瘤诊疗中的应用意义重大。此外,小分子穿膜肽(cRGD)作为一种常用的靶向分子,能够与癌细胞膜上高表达的整合素进行特异性结合,达到识别肿瘤并提高纳米药物在肿瘤部位的聚集,起到主动靶向性作用。肿瘤成像作为肿瘤治疗的辅助,在肿瘤治疗中起到导向性作用,包括荧光成像、热成像、光声成像、核磁共振成像以及CT成像等。其中光声成像(PA)穿透深度强,信号明显,在肿瘤诊断中应用广泛。
发明内容
针对目前用于肿瘤光热治疗的药物递送载体作用单一,光热转换效率较低、生物相容性差,在体内循环时间较短,且大多数为近红外一区光热制剂,穿透深度弱等问题,本发明旨在合成一种具有较高光热转换效率的近红外二区光热制剂、高生物相容性,能够有效延长药物在体内的循环时间并实现光热和声动力协同治疗的新型药物递送平台。
本发明的技术方案具体如下:
主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
(1)具有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备与筛选:首先,将纳米二氧化锆与镁粉以一定摩尔比加入到研钵中,研磨均匀,其中纳米二氧化锆与镁粉的摩尔比范围为5:1~1:5;随后将其放入高温管式炉,在5% H2/Ar氛围下升温至650℃保持4 h,获得混合纳米颗粒,经盐酸溶液反应24 h后得到缺陷的二氧化锆纳米粒子ZrO2-x;优选的,纳米二氧化锆与镁粉摩尔比为1:2,ZrO2-x的声动力效果最佳;
(2)对ZrO2-x纳米粒子进行羧基修饰:将PEG与缺陷的二氧化锆纳米粒子ZrO2-x以质量比为1:1的比例混合,冰浴超声1 h后,通过离心洗涤,60℃真空干燥12 h,获得带有羧基的二氧化锆纳米粒子ZP;
(3)对ZP纳米粒子的羧基进行活化:利用NHS/EDC活化法,将NHS/EDC/ZP按照质量比2:3:1的比例反应30 min,通过离心洗涤将多余的物质除去;
(4)对羧基已活化的ZP纳米粒子进行cRGD修饰:将cRGD逐滴加入到上述羧基已活化的ZP水溶液中,避光搅拌过夜,透析24 h后获得载cRGD且有声动力效果的缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子ZPR。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中盐酸溶液的浓度为2 mol/L。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中PEG的浓度为4 mg/mL。
进一步的,所述步骤(4)中cRGD与羧基已活化的ZP的质量比为1:20。
进一步的,所述步骤(4)中cRGD的浓度为1 mg/mL。
进一步的,所述步骤(4)中羧基已活化的ZP水溶液浓度为1 mg/mL。
本发明主要优点有:
针对目前纳米载体的不足,本发明创造性的制备出一种生物相容性好,稳定性强,具有近红外二区高光热转换能力且兼具声动力功能的材料。本发明中聚乙二醇(PEG)除了为缺陷型二氧化锆纳米粒子修饰了羧基外,还增强了纳米粒子的分散性。此外,通过化学键连接的穿膜肽小分子(cRGD)给纳米粒子提供了主动靶向功能,增加了纳米粒子在肿瘤部位的富集,减少其在正常组织的摄取,最终获得一种具有主动靶向性的具有二区光热和声动力功能的纳米复合物。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,本发明提供如下附图:
图1为本发明实施例1主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子(ZPR)的合成及作用示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子(ZPR)的TEM图。
图3为本发明实施例1中主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子(ZPR)在没有外界刺激下对4T1癌细胞24 h的体外毒性图。
图4为本发明实施例1中主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子(ZPR)在有超声和激光处理下对4T1癌细胞24 h的体外毒性图。
图5为本发明实施例1中主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子(ZPR)的体内抗肿瘤效果图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
(1)具有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备与筛选:首先,将纳米二氧化锆与镁粉分别以摩尔比为5:1/2:1/1:1/1:2/1:5的比例加入到研钵中,研磨均匀。随后将其放入高温管式炉,在5% H2/Ar氛围下升温至650℃保持4 h,获得混合纳米颗粒,经2 M盐酸溶液反应24 h后得到五种不同程度缺陷的二氧化锆纳米粒子ZrO2-x。其中纳米二氧化锆与镁粉质量比为1:2时,ZrO2-x的声动力效果最佳。
(2)对ZrO2-x纳米粒子进行羧基修饰:将10 mg PEG(4 mg/mL)与10 mg缺陷的二氧化锆纳米粒子ZrO2-x混合,冰浴超声1 h后,通过离心洗涤,60℃真空干燥12 h,获得带有羧基的纳米ZrO2-x(ZP)。
(3)对纳米ZP的羧基进行活化:利用NHS/EDC活化法,将NHS/EDC/ZP按照质量比2:3:1的比例反应30 min,通过离心洗涤将多余的物质除去。
(4)对纳米ZP进行cRGD修饰:将0.5 mg cRGD(1 mg/mL)逐滴加入到上述羧基已活化的10 mg ZP水溶液中,避光搅拌过夜,透析24 h后获得载cRGD且有声动力效果的缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子(ZPR)。
其透射电镜(TEM)见图2, TEM结果显示纳米颗粒直径约为35 nm。图3、图4分别是在无外界刺激和有外界刺激条件下纳米颗粒对4T1肿瘤细胞24 h的体外毒性图,从图中可以看出通过不同的处理,对4T1肿瘤细胞的毒性表现出一个很好的协同作用。图5是不同处理下不同药物在小鼠体内的抑瘤效果图,从图中可以看出与其它组相比ZPR外加激光照射和超声后表现出明显的抑瘤效果。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其做出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (6)

1.主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
(1)具有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备与筛选:首先,将纳米二氧化锆与镁粉以一定摩尔比加入到研钵中,研磨均匀,其中纳米二氧化锆与镁粉的摩尔比范围为5:1~1:5;随后将其放入高温管式炉,在5% H2/Ar氛围下升温至650℃保持4 h,获得混合纳米颗粒,经盐酸溶液反应24 h后得到缺陷的二氧化锆纳米粒子ZrO2-x;优选的,纳米二氧化锆与镁粉摩尔比为1:2,ZrO2-x的声动力效果最佳;
(2)对ZrO2-x纳米粒子进行羧基修饰:将PEG与缺陷的二氧化锆纳米粒子ZrO2-x以质量比为1:1的比例混合,冰浴超声1 h后,通过离心洗涤,60℃真空干燥12 h,获得带有羧基的二氧化锆纳米粒子ZP;
(3)对ZP纳米粒子的羧基进行活化:利用NHS/EDC活化法,将NHS/EDC/ZP按照质量比2:3:1的比例反应30 min,通过离心洗涤将多余的物质除去;
(4)对羧基已活化的ZP纳米粒子进行cRGD修饰:将cRGD逐滴加入到上述羧基已活化的ZP水溶液中,避光搅拌过夜,透析24 h后获得载cRGD且有声动力效果的缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子ZPR。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中盐酸溶液的浓度为2 mol/L。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中PEG的浓度为4 mg/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中cRGD与羧基已活化的ZP的质量比为1:20。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中cRGD的浓度为1 mg/mL。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的主动靶向有声动力效果缺陷二氧化锆纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中羧基已活化的ZP水溶液浓度为1 mg/mL。
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