CN111700013A - Crayfish breeding method - Google Patents
Crayfish breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111700013A CN111700013A CN202010625064.6A CN202010625064A CN111700013A CN 111700013 A CN111700013 A CN 111700013A CN 202010625064 A CN202010625064 A CN 202010625064A CN 111700013 A CN111700013 A CN 111700013A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a crayfish breeding method, which comprises the following steps that a, a sunlight greenhouse is constructed in a place with sufficient water source, no pollution and flat pool bottom; b, selecting parent shrimps; c, breeding parent shrimps; d, seedling raising; e, stocking the young shrimps; f, feeding the young shrimps; and g, feeding adult shrimps. The invention prolongs the growth time of the crayfish, increases the competitive advantage of the crayfish, avoids the outbreak period of the leukoderma, greatly increases the breeding benefit and shortens the breeding period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cultivation, in particular to a crayfish cultivation method.
Background
The procambarus clarkii is also called crayfish (hereinafter referred to as crayfish) and has the advantages of short culture period, less diseases, high benefit and the like, and the first ten varieties of the procambarus clarkii are cultured in water in recent years. With the annual rise of the market price of the crayfish, the enthusiasm of fishermen for breeding the freshwater crayfish is excited, the breeding enthusiasm is high, and the breeding in various modes such as ponds, paddy fields and the like is developed spontaneously.
At present, although the existing crayfish breeding scale is developed rapidly, a powerful scientific and technological support is still lacked. The main problems are that most of crayfish fries come from wild species and have poor variety and quality; secondly, temporary short-term culture is mainly adopted, batch marketing cannot be realized, and the overall benefit is low; thirdly, the individual households mainly carry out free-ranging, and the cultivation tap enterprises with technical support are lacked. Due to the restriction of various factors, the following problems still need to be overcome with strength: the crayfish breeding is a bottleneck restricting development, the crayfish breeding basically comes from natural catching, the quality, specification and quantity of the crayfish cannot be guaranteed, and the scale development of the crayfish industry is restricted seriously. Secondly, most crayfish breeding modes are trenching extensive breeding, paddy field co-breeding and the like, the yield is generally low, the growth speed is slow, and the quality is poor. Therefore, a crayfish breeding method is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the crayfish breeding method is provided.
The invention is realized by the following scheme:
a crayfish breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a, building a sunlight greenhouse in a place with sufficient water source, no pollution and flat pool bottom, wherein a water storage area, a parent shrimp area and a cultivation area are arranged in the sunlight greenhouse;
b, selecting parent shrimps: selecting parent shrimps which are strong in physique, complete in appendages, free of damage, strong in activity, dark red or brown in body color, large in individuals and good in gonad development;
c, breeding parent shrimps: selecting female and male parent shrimps according to the ratio of 1-3: 1, distributing the shrimp seeds into each parent shrimp pond for overwintering management to prepare for breeding the shrimps to form the egg-carrying shrimps;
d, seedling culture: when the water temperature of the water in the spawning and hatching pool is about 10-25 ℃, the egg-carrying shrimps are moved to the spawning and hatching pool to be cultivated for 4-10 days; when 80-95% of the oviferous shrimps are not attached with the young shrimps, fishing out the bred parent shrimps, and transferring the young shrimps to a nursery pond for cultivation for 5-10 days, wherein the body length of the young shrimps is 1-4 cm;
e, stocking the young shrimps: soaking the oxygen bag containing the juvenile shrimps in the culture pond for 10-30min, opening the oxygen bag, and slowly placing the juvenile shrimps in the culture pond;
f, feeding young shrimps: feeding the feed in a surrounding water grass zone at a fixed point in the early seedling stage for 2-5 times every day; when the crayfish is raised for 1 to 10 days, the feeding amount is 0.1 to 0.4kg of feed for every ten thousand of crayfish; when the lobster is fed for 10-30 days, the feeding amount is 5% -12% of the weight of the lobsters;
feeding adult shrimps: after the young shrimps are raised for 25-30 days, the body length of the young shrimps can reach 4-6cm, and the young shrimps can be caught and put into a rice field to be raised into adult shrimps, and the adult shrimps can be obtained by catching timely.
The sunlight greenhouse comprises at least two outer longitudinal beams, at least two inner longitudinal beams, at least two arched outer steel frames and at least two arched inner steel frames, wherein the two ends of the outer steel frames and the two ends of the inner steel frames are sequentially connected with a foundation in a corresponding mode, the outer longitudinal beams are connected with the outer steel frames in a corresponding mode, the inner longitudinal beams are connected with the inner steel frames in a corresponding mode, plastic films are paved on frameworks formed by the at least two outer longitudinal beams and the at least outer steel frames, and the plastic films are further paved on the frameworks formed by the at least two inner longitudinal beams and the at least inner steel frames.
The circle center of the outer steel frame and the circle center of the inner steel frame are overlapped together, and the ratio of the radius length of the outer steel frame to the radius length of the inner steel frame is 1: 0.9-0.95.
The solar greenhouse is internally provided with a partition board which is divided into a working chamber and a breeding chamber, and the breeding chamber is internally provided with a water storage area, a parent shrimp area and a breeding area.
The water storage area accounts for 5-10% of the area of the sunlight greenhouse, and is provided with a plurality of water storage tanks, and the size of the area of each water storage tank is 30-50m2The height of the pool ridge is 2.3-4.2 meters, the width of the bottom is 3.1-5.6 meters,the bottom length is 8.8-15.0 meters, the ridge surface width is 0.8-2.2 meters, the pool ridges and the pool bottom around are provided with hardening structures, a water inlet and outlet system is arranged according to the principle of up and down discharge, the bottom surface is inclined to a water outlet, and a spraying oxygen increasing facility and circulating water purifying equipment are arranged in the pool;
the parent shrimp area accounts for 30-40% of the area of the sunlight greenhouse, a plurality of parent shrimp ponds are arranged, the height of the pond ridges of the parent shrimp ponds is 1.0-1.6 meters, the width of the bottom of the pond ridges is 2.4-4.0 meters, the width of the ridge surfaces is 1.1-1.7 meters, a water inlet and drainage system is arranged according to the principle of up and down discharge, the bottom surface of the water inlet and drainage system is inclined towards a water outlet, spraying oxygen increasing facilities and circulating water purification equipment are arranged in the pond, and waterweeds, eel weeds, curly pondweed, water peanuts and/or water hyacinth which cover 50-65% of the area of the parent shrimp area can be planted in the water body;
the cultivation area accounts for 35-55% of the area of the sunlight greenhouse, and is provided with a plurality of spawning and hatching ponds, seedling raising ponds and cultivation ponds, and the pond bodies are 10-20m in area2The height of the pond ridge is 0.5-1.2 meters, the width of the bottom is 3.0-5.0 meters, the length of the bottom is 3.2-5.1 meters, the width of the ridge surface is 0.6-1.1 meters, the pond ridges and the pond bottom around are provided with hardened structures, a water inlet and drainage system is arranged according to the principle of up and down discharge, the bottom surface is inclined towards a water outlet, and a spraying oxygen increasing facility and a circulating water purifying device are arranged in the pond; the water body can be planted with waterweed, eel grass, curly pondweed, water peanut and/or water hyacinth covering 30-50% of the cultivation area.
The specific steps of the overwintering management in the step c are as follows:
1) stocking density: c, putting the parent shrimps selected in the step c into 2-4% of salt water per cubic meter, soaking for 10-18min, and putting into a parent shrimp pond, wherein the putting amount per square meter is 10-30;
2) feeding the feed: the feed is fed by high-protein buoyancy-enhanced feed in a matched manner, and is fed for 1-3 times per day, wherein the feeding amount is 2% -4% of the weight of the lobsters.
In the step c, the water temperature of the parent shrimp pond in the overwintering management is controlled to be 15-25 ℃.
And d, feeding 1-3 times every day in the breeding process of the spawning and hatching pond in the step d, wherein the feeding amount is 4% -5% of the weight of the lobsters, water in the spawning and hatching pond is changed once every 2-3 days, and the water changing amount in each time is 1/3-1/2 of the volume of the spawning and hatching pond.
The number of the juvenile shrimps which can be put into the culture pond in the step e is 800-2。
Feeding 4-5 times of rotifers and cladocera larvae every day from the first day to the fifth day in the step f, wherein the feeding amount is 15-20/ml; feeding the lobsters for 3 times every day from the sixth day to the tenth day, wherein the feeding amount is 0.2-0.3kg of feed for every ten thousand of lobsters; and after the tenth day, feeding the lobsters for 3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 6-10% of the weight of the lobsters.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the crayfish breeding method, a sunlight greenhouse principle and facilities are applied to crayfish breeding, parent breeding is strengthened through the warming effect of a greenhouse, advanced artificial breeding technology is applied, early breeding and early release of seedlings are achieved, and a relatively perfect crayfish breeding method is formed, so that crayfish can be bred in winter to grow seedlings, the growth time of the crayfish is prolonged, the market-selling specification of the crayfish is increased, the market-selling time of the crayfish is advanced, the outbreak period of white spot disease is avoided, the time of the crayfish is staggered, the price difference is made, the breeding benefit is greatly increased, and the breeding period is shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solar greenhouse according to the present invention;
in the figure: the foundation is 1, the outer longitudinal beam is 2, the outer steel frame is 3, the inner steel frame is 4, the inner longitudinal beam is 5, and the plastic film is 6.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
a crayfish breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a, building a sunlight greenhouse in a place with sufficient water source, no pollution and flat pool bottom, wherein a water storage area, a parent shrimp area and a cultivation area are arranged in the sunlight greenhouse;
a water storage area: the solar greenhouse occupies 5-10% of the area, and is provided with a plurality of water reservoirs with the area size of 30-50m2The height of the pool ridge is 2.3-4.2 meters, the width of the bottom is 3.1-5.6 meters, and the bottom is long8.8-15.0 meters, 0.8-2.2 meters of ridge surface width, hardening of pool ridges and pool bottom around, designing water inlet and outlet according to the principle of up and down discharge, slightly inclining the bottom surface to a water outlet, installing spraying oxygen increasing facilities and circulating water purifying equipment in the pool;
a parent shrimp area: the solar greenhouse occupies 30-40% of the area of the solar greenhouse, is provided with a plurality of shrimp-loving ponds, the height of the ridges of the shrimp-loving ponds is 1.0-1.6 meters, the width of the bottom is 2.4-4.0 meters, the width of the ridge surface is 1.1-1.7 meters, water inlet and outlet are designed according to the principle of up-down and down-down discharge, spraying oxygen-increasing facilities and circulating water purification equipment are arranged in the ponds, and waterweeds, eel grass, curly pondweed, water peanuts and/or water hyacinth which cover 50-65% of the area of the shrimp-loving areas can be planted in the water body;
and (3) a cultivation area: the area of the sunlight greenhouse is 35-55%, a plurality of spawning and hatching ponds, seedling raising ponds and cultivation ponds are arranged, and the area of each pond body is 10-20m2The height of the pond ridge is 0.5-1.2 meters, the width of the bottom is 3.0-5.0 meters, the length of the bottom is 3.2-5.1 meters, the width of the ridge surface is 0.6-1.1 meters, the pond ridges and the pond bottom around need to be hardened, water inlet and water outlet are designed according to the principle of up-down and down-down, the bottom surface is slightly inclined towards a water outlet, and spraying oxygen increasing facilities and circulating water purification equipment are installed in the pond; the waterweeds, the eel grass, the curly pondweed, the water peanuts and/or the water hyacinth which cover 30 to 50 percent of the area of the cultivation area can be planted in the water body;
b, selecting parent shrimps: selecting parent shrimps which are strong in physique, complete in appendages, free of damage, strong in activity, dark red or brown in body color, large in individuals and good in gonad development;
selection criteria of parent shrimps: firstly, selecting a strong physique, complete appendages, no damage and strong mobility; secondly, the body color is dark red or brown, and the body is glossy and smooth without attachments on the body surface; ③ the individual is large, the common male and female individuals are about 40-50g, and preferably the male is larger than the female individual as the parent; the gonad development is good, and the ovary development of female parent shrimps is good and clear and obvious when the female parent shrimps are irradiated by strong light to the abdomen. The parent shrimps with the attached eggs and even some small shrimp fries are not selected, because the attached eggs or small shrimp fries are transported and extruded to be separated from the parent and die, the surviving parent shrimps or small shrimp fries are dug after arriving at the destination, and the physical strength is consumed, so that the parent shrimps or small shrimp fries cannot grow and develop.
The source of parent shrimps: the method is directly selected from natural waters or ponds and paddy fields, and can also be selected from markets, but requires clear water sources, water leaving time, transportation modes and the like. The water leaving time is not more than 2 hours in hot summer, and other time periods are not more than 4 hours. Individuals that are excessively squeezed and leave the water for a long time cannot be treated as parent shrimps.
c, breeding parent shrimps: selecting female and male parent shrimps according to the ratio of 1-3: 1, distributing the shrimp seeds into each parent shrimp pond for overwintering management to prepare for breeding the shrimps to form the egg-carrying shrimps;
the crayfish generally reaches sexual maturity in the same year, the crayfish can be mated and bred after sexual maturity, the mating behavior of the crayfish is concerned with the environment, the mating rate of male and female in a new environment is high, one female shrimp can mate with a plurality of male shrimps, and one male shrimp can mate with a plurality of female shrimps, so that fresh water is added in the breeding season to change the environment and stimulate the lobsters to mate, and therefore, the breeding male shrimps can be properly reduced in the production process, and the male and female proportion is kept to be (2-3): 1.
When the parent shrimps need to be transported to a cultivation base from other places, namely after the parent shrimps are selected, the parent shrimps should be put into a place with micro-flow water for temporary cultivation for 3-4 hours, so that the feces are drained, and the transportation survival rate is increased. And male and female parent shrimps are separately placed into bamboo cages, the area of the bottom of each cage is 0.1-0.2 square meter, and 150 plus 200 shrimps are loaded in each cage and transported to a parent shrimp pond.
The aquatic plants such as waterweed, eel crispus, water peanut, water hyacinth and the like are planted in the parent shrimp pool to provide a hidden place for the young shrimps to climb, inhabit and exuviate, the water weed coverage density is controlled to be 50-60%, the young shrimps are manually fished out when the water weed coverage density is too high, and the young shrimps are timely supplemented when the water weed coverage density is not high.
In autumn before overwintering, the water temperature is suitable for the growth of lobsters, and the parent shrimps are subjected to intensified cultivation before overwintering, so that the growth and development are promoted, and in-vivo protein and fat are accumulated to prepare for overwintering. In the last 11 months, when the outside water temperature is reduced to 10 ℃, the parent shrimps are moved into a parent shrimp pond in a sunlight greenhouse for overwintering cultivation. The specific steps of the overwintering management in the step c are as follows:
1) stocking density: c, putting the parent shrimps selected in the step c into 2-4% of salt water per cubic meter, soaking for 10-18min, and putting into a parent shrimp pond, wherein the putting amount per square meter is 10-30;
2) feeding the feed: the feed is fed by high-protein buoyancy-enhanced feed in a matched manner, and is fed for 1-3 times per day, wherein the feeding amount is 2% -4% of the weight of the lobsters. The parent shrimps can be fed the next day after entering the parent shrimp pond, the group weight is presumed according to the tail weight measured by sampling, and a feeding plan is made. According to the change condition of temperature, the bait feeding amount is adjusted once every ten days, and the protein content of the fed crayfish compound feed is 25-40%. The feeding amount of the crayfish accounts for 2% -3% of the weight of the crayfish every day in winter, the crayfish basically does not eat food when the water temperature is lower than 15 ℃, and feeding is not needed when the water temperature is lower than 15 DEG C
In the step c, the water temperature of the parent shrimp pond in the overwintering management is controlled to be 15-25 ℃.
The transparency of the water in the parent shrimp pond is preferably kept above 30cm, and the main adopted method for water quality adjustment is water injection and water change. The times of water injection and water change are determined according to the water color and the water quality. The pond is kept in inspection every day, the ingestion condition and activity condition of the egg-carrying shrimps are observed, and the escape-preventing facilities are inspected to prevent the egg-carrying shrimps from escaping.
d, seedling culture: when the water temperature of the water in the spawning and hatching pond is about 10-25 ℃, the spawning shrimps with consistent maturity are transferred to the spawning and hatching pond to be cultivated for 4-10 days, and the water depth in the pond is 30-50 cm; when 80-95% of the oviferous shrimps are not attached with the young shrimps, fishing out the bred parent shrimps, and transferring the young shrimps to a nursery pond for cultivation for 5-10 days, wherein the body length of the young shrimps is 1-4 cm; and d, feeding for 1-3 times every day in the breeding process of the spawning and hatching pond in the step d, wherein the feeding amount is 4% -5% of the weight of the lobsters, the water quality change needs to be observed in time, the residual baits are prevented from deteriorating and destroying the water quality, the water in the spawning and hatching pond is changed once every 2-3 days, and the water changing amount is 1/3-1/2 of the volume of the spawning and hatching pond.
The crayfish has the habit of protecting the young, the young crayfish can not leave the parent immediately after demoulding, and the young crayfish is generally attached to the swimming feet of the parent, and can leave the parent to live independently 5 to 7 days after emergence of seedlings. The pond is kept every day, when young lobsters are found in the cement pond, fresh water can be added for 2-3 times every week to promote the growth of the larvae, when 90% of the larval shrimps are found not to be attached, the bred parent shrimps are caught, the influence on the young shrimps which are just hatched is avoided, meanwhile, the management is strengthened, the water level is reduced to 20-30cm to improve the water temperature, and the feeding work of the young shrimps is well done.
In the later stage of hatching management, the first-class bait cultivation work is made mainly for several days before the shrimp fries are hatched. The growth peak period of plankton in the seedling raising pool is synchronous with the opening feeding of young shrimps, and the method is also one of key technologies for improving the survival rate of the seedlings. Therefore, the cultivation of a large amount of good quality initial feed is also one of the main factors for improving the survival rate of the shrimp larvae. The aquatic plants such as waterweeds, eel crisps, water peanuts, water hyacinth and the like planted in the breeding pond are concealed places for the young shrimps to climb, inhabit and exuviate, and can also be used as feed for the young shrimps to ensure that the young shrimps are bred with higher survival rate. The pond can also be provided with a plurality of horizontal or vertical meshes, bamboo tubes, tiles and the like, so as to increase the habitation, molting and hidden places of the juvenile shrimps.
e, stocking the young shrimps: soaking the oxygen bag containing the juvenile shrimps in the culture pond for 10-30min, opening the oxygen bag, and slowly placing the juvenile shrimps in the culture pond;
the number of the juvenile shrimps which can be put into the culture pond in the step e is 800-2. Micro-flow water flow is realized in the culture pond, and the stocked juvenile shrimps are required to be regular in specification, strong in physique, free of diseases and injuries and complete in appendage. The stocking can be carried out in the morning or evening of sunny day.
f, feeding young shrimps: feeding the feed in a fixed point in a peripheral aquatic weed zone at the initial seedling stage, wherein the shrimps around one week are habitually gathered in the peripheral aquatic weed zone to climb for ingestion, and the feeding is carried out for 2-5 times every day; when the crayfish is raised for 1 to 10 days, the feeding amount is 0.1 to 0.4kg of feed for every ten thousand of crayfish; when the lobster is fed for 10-30 days, the feeding amount is 5% -12% of the weight of the lobsters;
feeding 4-5 times of rotifers and cladocera larvae every day from the first day to the fifth day in the step f, wherein the feeding amount is 15-20/ml; if the fed rotifer or cladocera larva is cultured in pond, filtering with 40-mesh silk screen, filtering, and sterilizing with 2-3% saline solution. Feeding for 4-5 times every day to ensure the biological content of bait in water, and feeding soybean milk. Feeding the lobsters for 3 times every day from the sixth day to the tenth day, wherein the feeding amount is 0.2-0.3kg of feed for every ten thousand of lobsters; when the feed is fed for 6-10 days, palatable pellet feed, fish meal, rice bran, etc. can be added. And after the tenth day, feeding the lobsters for 3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 6-10% of the weight of the lobsters. Can be used for feeding animal feed such as small fish, shrimp, and snail meat 3-4 times per day.
The survival rate of the young shrimps is related to the bait supply, and the change of water quality is one of the main reasons influencing the survival rate. The main factors influencing the water quality include the density of the juvenile shrimps, residual baits and the like, the water environment is also an important link in the whole culture process, and circulation is adopted in the whole juvenile shrimp culture stage. And (5) keeping on the pond every day, and observing the feeding and growth conditions of the crayfishes. The change of water quality is noticed, the environment is kept quiet, and whether the escape-proof facilities are damaged or not is checked.
Feeding adult shrimps: after the young shrimps are raised for 25-30 days, the body length of the young shrimps can reach 4-6cm, and the young shrimps can be caught and put into a rice field to be raised into adult shrimps, and the adult shrimps can be obtained by catching timely. The fishing method adopts a method of collecting shrimps by discharging water.
The invention adopts the filtering facility to purify the circulating water, and has the advantages that the culture wastewater is reused after being filtered, thereby not only greatly reducing the waste of water resources, but also reducing the pollution of the sewage to the environment, greatly improving the economic benefit, the social benefit and the ecological benefit of the culture, and really realizing the purposes of saving cost, saving energy, reducing emission and optimizing the ecological environment. The invention firstly utilizes an instrument, namely a filter pump to filter the excrement, residual bait, algae and other granular substances of the water for cultivation; secondly, spraying biological agents in the pool regularly to adjust the water quality and the pH value; thirdly, regularly splashing a disinfectant to kill and eliminate bacteria. On the basis, the stocking density and the feeding condition are reasonably and flexibly controlled, an optimal environment is created for the healthy growth of the shrimps, and the quality and the yield of the crayfishes are improved.
Sunlight greenhouse includes two at least outer longerons 2, two at least interior longerons 5, two at least arched outer steel frames 3 and two at least arched inner steel frames 4, the both ends of outer steel frame 3 and inner steel frame 4 all correspond with ground 1 in proper order and are connected, outer longeron 2 all corresponds with outer steel frame 3 and is connected, inner longeron 5 all corresponds with inner steel frame 4 and is connected the skeleton upper berth that two at least outer longerons 2 and at least outer steel frame 3 are constituteed is equipped with plastic film 6 still laid plastic film 6 on the skeleton that two at least inner longerons 5 and at least inner steel frame 4 are constituteed. In particular embodiments the orientation of the solar greenhouse may be east-west elongation, north-south orientation, circular dome. In order to increase the heat preservation of the greenhouse, the sunlight greenhouse is composed of a double-layer light steel structure, the top of the sunlight greenhouse is paved by a rolled cotton quilt and a plastic film, and the members are connected by galvanized parts, so that the sunlight greenhouse has the advantages of strong corrosion resistance, high heat preservation and storage effects, strong bearing and wind and snow resistance, easiness in disassembly and assembly and the like.
The circle center of the outer steel frame 3 and the circle center of the inner steel frame 4 are overlapped, and the ratio of the radius length of the outer steel frame 3 to the radius length of the inner steel frame 4 is 1: 0.9-0.95. And a gap between the outer steel frame 3 and the inner steel frame 4 can be filled with a heat-insulating material, so that the effects of high heat insulation and heat storage are achieved.
The solar greenhouse is internally provided with a partition board which is divided into a working chamber and a breeding chamber, and the breeding chamber is internally provided with a water storage area, a parent shrimp area and a breeding area. In the specific implementation process, the heat preservation effect and the production requirement of the sunlight greenhouse are considered, the length of the sunlight greenhouse can be 85 meters, the span is 12 meters, the height is 3.5 meters, a certain ridge height is matched, the ridge height is 4.2 meters, a large daylighting angle of a south roof can be guaranteed, and the space required by operation and management can also be guaranteed. The west-side wall is provided with a safety door with the specification: the height is 2.2m and the width is 1.5m, and cotton quilts are hung on the inner side of the door in winter for heat preservation.
Although the invention has been described and illustrated in some detail, it should be understood that various modifications may be made to the described embodiments or equivalents may be substituted, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A crayfish breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a, building a sunlight greenhouse in a place with sufficient water source, no pollution and flat pool bottom, wherein a water storage area, a parent shrimp area and a cultivation area are arranged in the sunlight greenhouse;
b, selecting parent shrimps: selecting parent shrimps which are strong in physique, complete in appendages, free of damage, strong in activity, dark red or brown in body color, large in individuals and good in gonad development;
c, breeding parent shrimps: selecting female and male parent shrimps according to the ratio of 1-3: 1, distributing the shrimp seeds into each parent shrimp pond for overwintering management to prepare for breeding the shrimps to form the egg-carrying shrimps;
d, seedling culture: when the water temperature of the water in the spawning and hatching pool is about 10-25 ℃, the egg-carrying shrimps are moved to the spawning and hatching pool to be cultivated for 4-10 days; when 80-95% of the oviferous shrimps are not attached with the young shrimps, fishing out the bred parent shrimps, and transferring the young shrimps to a nursery pond for cultivation for 5-10 days, wherein the body length of the young shrimps is 1-4 cm;
e, stocking the young shrimps: soaking the oxygen bag containing the juvenile shrimps in the culture pond for 10-30min, opening the oxygen bag, and slowly placing the juvenile shrimps in the culture pond;
f, feeding young shrimps: feeding the feed in a surrounding water grass zone at a fixed point in the early seedling stage for 2-5 times every day; when the crayfish is raised for 1 to 10 days, the feeding amount is 0.1 to 0.4kg of feed for every ten thousand of crayfish; when the lobster is fed for 10-30 days, the feeding amount is 5% -12% of the weight of the lobsters;
feeding adult shrimps: after the young shrimps are raised for 25-30 days, the body length of the young shrimps can reach 4-6cm, and the young shrimps can be caught and put into a rice field to be raised into adult shrimps, and the adult shrimps can be obtained by catching timely.
2. The crayfish farming method according to claim 1, wherein: the sunlight greenhouse comprises at least two outer longitudinal beams (2), at least two inner longitudinal beams (5), at least two arched outer steel frames (3) and at least two arched inner steel frames (4), wherein the two ends of the outer steel frames (3) and the two ends of the inner steel frames (4) are sequentially connected with a foundation (1), the outer longitudinal beams (2) are respectively connected with the outer steel frames (3) in a corresponding mode, the inner longitudinal beams (5) are respectively connected with the inner steel frames (4), plastic films (6) are paved on frameworks formed by the at least two outer longitudinal beams (2) and the at least outer steel frames (3), and the plastic films (6) are further paved on the frameworks formed by the at least two inner longitudinal beams (5) and the at least inner steel frames (4).
3. The crayfish farming method according to claim 2, wherein: the circle center of the outer steel frame (3) and the circle center of the inner steel frame (4) are overlapped together, and the ratio of the radius length of the outer steel frame (3) to the radius length of the inner steel frame (4) is 1: 0.9-0.95.
4. The crayfish farming method according to claim 2, wherein: the solar greenhouse is internally provided with a partition board which is divided into a working chamber and a breeding chamber, and the breeding chamber is internally provided with a water storage area, a parent shrimp area and a breeding area.
5. The crayfish farming method according to claim 4, wherein: the water storage area accounts for 5-10% of the area of the sunlight greenhouse, and is provided with a plurality of water storage tanks, and the size of the area of each water storage tank is 30-50m2The height of the pond ridge is 2.3-4.2 meters, the width of the bottom is 3.1-5.6 meters, the length of the bottom is 8.8-15.0 meters, the width of the ridge surface is 0.8-2.2 meters, the pond ridges and the pond bottom around are provided with hardened structures, a water inlet and drainage system is arranged according to the principle of up and down discharge, the bottom surface is inclined towards a water outlet, and a spraying oxygen increasing facility and a circulating water purifying device are arranged in the pond;
the parent shrimp area accounts for 30-40% of the area of the sunlight greenhouse, a plurality of parent shrimp ponds are arranged, the height of the pond ridges of the parent shrimp ponds is 1.0-1.6 meters, the width of the bottom of the pond ridges is 2.4-4.0 meters, the width of the ridge surfaces is 1.1-1.7 meters, a water inlet and drainage system is arranged according to the principle of up and down discharge, the bottom surface of the water inlet and drainage system is inclined towards a water outlet, spraying oxygen increasing facilities and circulating water purification equipment are arranged in the pond, and waterweeds, eel weeds, curly pondweed, water peanuts and/or water hyacinth which cover 50-65% of the area of the parent shrimp area can be planted in the water body;
the cultivation area accounts for 35-55% of the area of the sunlight greenhouse and is provided with a plurality of spawning hatchingsThe pond, the nursery pond and the cultivation pond, the area of the pond body is 10-20m2The height of the pond ridge is 0.5-1.2 meters, the width of the bottom is 3.0-5.0 meters, the length of the bottom is 3.2-5.1 meters, the width of the ridge surface is 0.6-1.1 meters, the pond ridges and the pond bottom around are provided with hardened structures, a water inlet and drainage system is arranged according to the principle of up and down discharge, the bottom surface is inclined towards a water outlet, and a spraying oxygen increasing facility and a circulating water purifying device are arranged in the pond; the water body can be planted with waterweed, eel grass, curly pondweed, water peanut and/or water hyacinth covering 30-50% of the cultivation area.
6. The crayfish breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the overwintering management in step c comprises the following steps:
1) stocking density: c, putting the parent shrimps selected in the step c into 2-4% of salt water per cubic meter, soaking for 10-18min, and putting into a parent shrimp pond, wherein the putting amount per square meter is 10-30;
2) feeding the feed: the feed is fed by high-protein buoyancy-enhanced feed in a matched manner, and is fed for 1-3 times per day, wherein the feeding amount is 2% -4% of the weight of the lobsters.
7. The crayfish farming method according to claim 6, wherein: in the step c, the water temperature of the parent shrimp pond in the overwintering management is controlled to be 15-25 ℃.
8. The crayfish farming method according to claim 1, wherein: and d, feeding 1-3 times every day in the breeding process of the spawning and hatching pond in the step d, wherein the feeding amount is 4% -5% of the weight of the lobsters, water in the spawning and hatching pond is changed once every 2-3 days, and the water changing amount in each time is 1/3-1/2 of the volume of the spawning and hatching pond.
9. The crayfish farming method according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the juvenile shrimps which can be put into the culture pond in the step e is 800-2。
10. The crayfish farming method according to claim 1, wherein: feeding 4-5 times of rotifers and cladocera larvae every day from the first day to the fifth day in the step f, wherein the feeding amount is 15-20/ml; feeding the lobsters for 3 times every day from the sixth day to the tenth day, wherein the feeding amount is 0.2-0.3kg of feed for every ten thousand of lobsters; and after the tenth day, feeding the lobsters for 3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 6-10% of the weight of the lobsters.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115053843A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-09-16 | 河南师范大学 | Crayfish breeding method |
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| CN105660497A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-06-15 | 杨彪 | Culture method of crayfish |
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