CN111699222A - 金属基底的腐蚀防护 - Google Patents
金属基底的腐蚀防护 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111699222A CN111699222A CN201980011776.4A CN201980011776A CN111699222A CN 111699222 A CN111699222 A CN 111699222A CN 201980011776 A CN201980011776 A CN 201980011776A CN 111699222 A CN111699222 A CN 111699222A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于涂覆易受腐蚀的金属基底的组合物,其中该组合物包括载体介质和石墨烯薄片,其中石墨烯薄片占涂层总重的0.002wt%~0.09wt%,且石墨烯薄片包括石墨烯纳米片、双层石墨烯纳米片、少层(few‑layer)石墨烯纳米片和/或石墨薄片中的一种或两种及以上的混合物,其中石墨薄片具有纳米级尺寸和25层或更少的层数。
Description
本发明涉及金属基底的腐蚀防护技术领域。特别的,本发明涉及比如但不限于铝和铝合金的金属基底的腐蚀防护。
已知的用于为金属基底提供腐蚀防护的组合物通常被称为抑制性涂料和抑制性组合物。这种涂料和组合物主要用作底漆,因为它们通过涂料的成分/颜料与金属基底的反应起作用。抑制机制依赖于金属的钝化以及在金属基底表面上的氧化物层和金属络合物的积累。氧化物和金属络合物阻碍了侵蚀性物质向基底的金属的转移。
抑制性涂层的活性成分/颜料通常是微溶于水的,并产生抑制金属基底持续腐蚀的活性物质。目前使用的活性成分/颜料通常是铬酸盐,但也使用其他种类,如磷酸盐、钼酸盐、硝酸盐、硼酸盐和硅酸盐。由于对环境、健康和安全的日益关注,活性成分/颜料的选择受到越来越多的监管压力。
欧盟现有的法规限制了可用做抑制性涂料的材料。铬(VI)化合物已获得REACH(2008附录XIV)的授权。与防腐颜料相关的其他立法措施包括ELV(报废车辆)指令,该指令规定从2003年起逐步淘汰含铅颜料,从2007年起逐步淘汰底漆中和预处理期间铬(VI)的使用。其他法规包括WEEE(报废电子电气设备指令,2002)和RoHS(限制在电子电气产品中使用有害物质的指令,2002),这些指令限制在大型家电中使用六价铬。美国OSHA(职业安全与健康管理局,2006)将员工允许接触的铬(VI)浓度从52μg/m3降至5μg/m3。鉴于磷酸锌对水生生物具有毒性,并可能对水生环境造成长期不利影响,因此磷酸锌也越来越受到关注。意外摄入活性成分/色素可能会损害个人健康。可溶性锌盐会刺激和腐蚀消化道,伴随着疼痛和呕吐。
抑制性颜料的机理是基于颜料被扩散到涂层中的水部分溶解。在基底表面,溶解的离子发生反应,形成钝化表面的反应产物。关键是,活性成分/颜料具有足够高的溶解性,以释放离子进行反应。然而,过高的溶解度会导致涂层起泡。理想的抑制性涂层应形成防水和防有害离子的屏障,同时释放足够量的抑制性离子。这两个要求在原则上是对立的,并且抑制性涂层要求涂层的阻隔性能(渗透性越低,阻隔性能越好)和颜料溶剂化的能力以及产生的转移到涂层基底界面的离子(渗透性越高,离子的溶剂化和转移越大)之间的平衡。
其他用于为金属基底提供腐蚀保护的已知组合物包含载体介质和至少0.1wt%的石墨烯薄片。石墨烯薄片可以直接分散到载体介质中,例如典型的涂层树脂体系,包括但不限于:交联树脂、非交联树脂、热固性丙烯酸树脂、氨基塑料、聚氨酯橡胶、氨基甲酸酯、聚酯、环氧树脂、有机硅、聚脲、硅酸盐、聚二甲基硅氧烷(采用三辊轧机的方法)。可选的,石墨烯可以通过溶剂分散体引入,其中可以使用支撑树脂和分散剂来获得最佳的分散性和稳定性。这种溶剂分散体可以使用超声波和珠磨加工的组合来制备。将石墨烯结合到树脂中可以使得石墨烯按照传统涂层形式递送,并且可以通过任意可用的传统方法(刷子、滚筒、空气喷涂、无空气喷涂、静电喷涂、旋转雾化、浸涂、流涂、淋涂和电涂)像这样递送。根据掺入浓度和干膜厚度,石墨烯将在涂层中形成多层石墨烯薄片。多层石墨烯薄片的存在为水的渗透及其携带的溶解氧或离子穿过涂层提供了复杂而曲折的路径。
本发明的第一方面提供了一种适用于涂覆易受腐蚀的金属基底的组合物,其中该组合物包含载体介质和石墨烯薄片,其中石墨烯薄片占涂层总重的0.002wt%~0.09wt%,且石墨烯薄片包括石墨烯纳米片、双层石墨烯纳米片、少层(few-layer)石墨烯纳米片和/或石墨薄片中的一种或两种及以上的混合物,其中石墨薄片具有纳米级尺寸和25层或更少的层数。
具有纳米级尺寸的石墨薄片包括至少10层碳原子。优选的石墨薄片具有纳米级尺寸和10~20层碳原子,石墨薄片具有纳米级尺寸和10~14层碳原子,石墨薄片具有纳米级尺寸和25层或更少层数的碳原子,石墨薄片具有纳米级尺寸和20~25层碳原子。优选的,石墨薄片的横向尺寸为约100nm~100μm。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,至少50wt%的石墨烯薄片具有纳米级尺寸和25层或更少的层数。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,石墨烯薄片占涂层总重的0.002wt%~0.004wt%,涂层总重的0.003wt%~0.004wt%,涂层总重的0.0026wt%~0.04wt%,涂层总重的0.0026wt%~0.0035wt%,涂层总重的0.006wt%~0.009wt%,涂层总重的约0.003wt%或涂层总重的约0.03wt%。
已经发现的是,使用这种组合物的涂层具有足够低的石墨烯薄片堆积密度,使得石墨烯薄片完全封装在载体介质中,且大部分石墨烯薄片不与任何其他石墨烯薄片进行物理和/或电接触。
申请人惊讶地发现,石墨烯的完全封装和石墨烯薄片之间缺乏接触的情况具有相当大的益处。特别地,因为没有石墨烯薄片彼此接触或者与涂覆有涂层的金属基底接触,因此其不会导致基底表面上任何原电池的形成。
未涂覆/受保护的金属基底会以基于基底所处环境条件的速率进行氧化/腐蚀。若环境条件包括水分,那么氧化作用将会比在干燥环境条件下进行的更快。
已经发现的是,当使用本发明第一方面的组合物制备得到的涂层被充分损坏而暴露出金属基底,一些石墨烯薄片在破损区域被驱使与金属基底接触,和/或一些石墨烯薄片暴露于涂层损坏面的大气中。暴露的石墨烯薄片将催化金属基底的氧化作用,尤其是有水分存在的情况下。
当金属基底是铝或铝合金时,可能发生电化学氧化。
这主要是电化学驱动的氧化还原过程,其中阳极位置的氧化半反应按如下进行:
Al→Al3++3e-
发生在金属表面阴极位置的互补还原过程如下进行:
O2+2H2O+4e-→4OH-
就其本质而言,上述氧化和还原反应通过电子转移进行耦合,且其离子产物的反应如下:
Al3++3OH-→Al(OH)3
总的来说,铝的电化学氧化反应如下:
4Al+6H2O+3O2→4Al(OH)3
然后氢氧化铝可以通过水合作用转化成氧化铝:
Al(OH)3→Al2O3·3H2O
氧化铝(Al2O3·3H2O)层通常为5-10nm厚,一旦金属与氧化环境接触就形成。氧化铝具有双重性质,其是由致密和稳定的内部氧化层组成,该氧化层覆盖有多孔的、不太稳定的外层,该外层更容易受到腐蚀/溶解的影响,因此,铝基底的耐腐蚀性取决于氧化层的稳定性。氧化铝层的导电率比铝低得多。
已经发现的是,铝氧化反应的催化作用既增加了铝氧化成氧化铝的速率,又使该氧化反应持续进行,直到形成一层厚的氧化铝,并将铝基底和暴露的石墨烯薄片与大气隔离开来。因此,根据本发明第一方面中的组合物,其中的石墨烯在上述讨论的数量下可以使得形成自该组合物的涂层实现自愈合,因为形成的氧化铝使对涂层的损伤复原。
涂层的自愈合性质具有额外的好处,因为任何对涂层的损伤都会被氧化铝迅速封闭,水进入铝基底和涂层之间的界面并随后从破损区域扩散出去而导致涂层分层的机会大大降低。
根据本发明第一方面的组合物,更多益处如下:
本发明中使用的石墨烯薄片不具有已知的存在于磷酸盐、铬酸盐、钼酸盐、硝酸盐、硼酸盐或硅酸盐中的已被证实的环境损害。
本发明中使用的石墨烯薄片是一种相对较新的技术,尚不知道其本身是否会对环境造成损害。如果发现其会对环境造成损害,那么组合物中石墨烯薄片的含量也是极低的,从而这些环境损害将是最小化的。
本发明中使用的石墨烯薄片通常具有比磷酸盐、铬酸盐、钼酸盐、硝酸盐、硼酸盐或硅酸盐更低的密度,从而产生了更轻的涂层。在本发明的石墨烯薄片负载量下尤其如此。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,超过50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或95%的石墨烯薄片在20℃下的电导率大于约2.15×107S/m或大于约3.5×107S/m。如此高的电导率水平有助于对暴露的金属基底的氧化反应进行催化。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,石墨烯薄片的粒径分布为:D50≤50μm,≤30μm,≤20μm,≤15μm。石墨烯薄片的加工可以通过三辊轧机(间隙尺寸为3道次15/5μm)、珠磨、超声破碎、超高速分散或其他合适的已知技术进行。通过在合适的溶剂中稀释载体树脂,然后可以在Malver Mastersizer 3000上测量粒度(如D50粒度)。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,载体介质是电绝缘体。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,载体介质选自已知的交联树脂、非交联树脂、热固性丙烯酸树脂、氨基塑料、聚氨酯橡胶、氨基甲酸酯、聚酯、环氧树脂、有机硅、聚脲、硅酸盐、聚二甲基硅氧烷及其混合物和组合。合适的载体介质的选择将取决于本发明第一方面中组合物的预期使用环境。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,一旦载体介质凝固/固化,即具有可塑性变形能力。载体介质一旦凝固/固化就可塑性变形的特性致使其具有足够的柔韧性,在损坏时不会暴露大面积的基底。载体介质的这种特性将具有如下效果:即,使用包含这种载体介质的组合物对涂层的损害将相对局限于损害的起因位置,并且损害不太可能从损害的位置或起因位置传播出去。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,载体介质对金属基底的粘附强度使得足以损坏涂层但金属基底不变形的冲击力或压力不会导致涂层与金属基底分离。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,组合物还包含溶剂和/或分散剂。上述组分将分别影响组合物的操作性能和/或应用性能以及组合物的配制容易性。
第二方面,本发明提供了一种用于易受腐蚀的金属基底的涂层系统,其中该系统包括在金属基底上形成第一涂层,以及随后在第一涂层上形成第二涂层,其中第一涂层由本发明第一方面中的组合物形成,且第二涂层由包含载体介质和2D材料/石墨薄片的第二组合物形成,其中2D材料/石墨薄片占第二涂层总重的0.1wt%以上。
在本发明第二方面中的一些实施方式中,第二组合物的2D材料/石墨薄片包括石墨烯薄片。在一些实施方式中,第二组合物的石墨烯薄片包括石墨烯、氧化石墨烯和/或还原氧化石墨烯纳米片、双层石墨烯、氧化石墨烯和/或还原氧化石墨烯纳米片、几层(few-layer)石墨烯、氧化石墨烯和/或还原氧化石墨烯纳米片和/或石墨薄片中的一种或两种及以上的混合物,其中石墨薄片具有纳米级尺寸和25或更少的层数。
在本发明第二方面中的一些实施方式中,第二组合物的2D材料/石墨薄片包括石墨烯(C)、氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯、六方氮化硼(hBN)、二硫化钼(MoS2)、二硒化钨(WSe2)、硅烯(Si)、锗烯(Ge)、石墨炔(C)、硼墨烯(B)、磷烯(P),或两种及以上前述材料的2D面内异质结构中的一种或其混合物。
层状2D材料可以是石墨烯层、氧化石墨烯层、还原氧化石墨烯层、六方氮化硼层、二硫化钼层、二硒化钨层、硅烯层、锗烯层、石墨炔层、硼墨烯层、磷层,或两种及以上上述材料的2D垂直异质结构。
本发明第二方面的涂层系统的优点在于:第一涂层和第二涂层可以具有不同的性质,因此,与任一单独涂层相比,对金属基底提供了更好的保护。
在本发明第二方面的一些实施方式中,第二涂层的石墨烯薄片占涂层总重的0.1wt%~20wt%,占涂层总重0.1wt%~6.0wt%,或占涂层总重0.1wt%~0.5wt%。因此,根据石墨烯薄片的掺入浓度和所应用的干膜厚度,所述涂层将在涂层中产生多层石墨烯薄片。多层石墨烯薄片的存在为水(及其携带的任何溶解氧或离子)穿透涂层提供了复杂而曲折的路径。该路径预计明显长于第二涂层的实际厚度。
在本发明第二方面的一些实施方式中,第二涂层中超过50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或95%的石墨烯薄片的电导率比第一涂层中超过50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或95%的石墨烯薄片的电导率小。
在本发明第二方面的一些实施方式中,第二涂层中超过50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或95%的石墨烯薄片在20℃下的电导率为约等于或小于2.0×10-5S/m。
本发明的第三方面提供了一种金属基底的处理方法,其中基底涂覆有本发明第一方面中的组合物。金属基底的涂覆可以通过刷涂、喷涂、浸渍或其他合适的应用技术来制备。
在本发明第三方面的一些实施方式中,金属基底是铝、铝合金或镁基合金。
本发明的第四方面提供了一种金属基底的处理方法,其中用本发明第二方面的系统处理基底。金属基底的涂层以及随后的第一涂层可以通过刷涂、喷涂、浸渍或其他合适的应用技术来制备。
在本发明第四方面的一些实施方式中,金属基底是铝、铝合金或镁基合金。
从以下示例性实施方式的描述中,本发明的其他优点、特性、方面和特征将变得更为清楚。
实验结果
将如表1所示的不同电导率的石墨烯纳米片按照表2所示的量掺入到环氧体系中。
所用的环氧体系包括环氧当量为171-175g/eq的环氧树脂,和D50粒径小于50μm的1级和2级石墨烯薄片。对照A是不含石墨烯的环氧体系,而对照B根本不是复合物(配方),也就是说,对照B是裸露的,未经处理的金属。
使用精度至小数点后4位的分析天平对环氧体系和石墨烯薄片进行称量。
将配方1-6、对照A和对照B均应用于两块铝板。铝板均由铝5005合金制成,该合金的组成如下:镁0.50-1.10wt%,铁0.0-0.70wt%,硅0.0-0.30wt%,锌0.0-0.25wt%,锰0.0-0.20wt%,铜0.0-0.20wt%,其他(共计)0.0-0.15wt%,铬0.0-0.1wt%,其他(每个)0.0-0.05%,铝平衡。每种配方和对照都采用喷涂方式,使用传统的重力进料枪,通过1.2mm的尖端,在铝板上产生40-60μm厚度的干膜。在开始测试之前,将面板在环境温度下固化1周。
采用225mm划线器对每个配方和对照的其中一个面板划刻。由于研究中的表面积相对较小,所以需要注意的是划刻应始终尽可能保持一致。每种配方和对照的试验板以划刻和非划刻形式进行了一式两份的测试。对划刻样品进行了研究,因为其提供了裸露金属表面的即时研究,该表面可以与电解质接触,而不用观察膜涂层的长时间分解/降解过程(例如由于吸水导致的)。
使用Gamry 1000E恒电位仪配合Gamry ECM8多路复用器记录所有电化学测量结果,以允许每个实验可以同时测试多达8组样品。每个单独的通道都连接到Gamry PCT-1涂料测试池,专门设计用于涂层样品的电化学测试。
在每个涂料测试池中,形成了传统的三电极系统,以裸露的铝、环氧涂层铝和划刻涂层环氧铝板为工作电极,石墨棒为对电极,饱和甘汞电极(SCE)为参比电极。所有测试都采用3.5wt%的氯化钠电解质进行。
对于所有样品,电化学测试包括腐蚀电位测量(Ecorr),然后是动电位极化扫描。由于这项工作的重点是电化学性质随时间的变化,因此在1周的时间内,所有样品的每个实验周期大约为间隔2小时。
进行动电位极化扫描是为了生成塔菲尔(Tafel)极化曲线。这些曲线是在14.6cm2的样品区域(工作电极区域)上,以0.5mV/s的扫描速率,1s的采样周期从开路电位(500mV扫描)施加±250mV电位的结果。使用Gamry EchemAnalyst软件对Tafel区域进行数据拟合,以提取阳极和阴极Tafel常数、Ecorr和腐蚀速率的值。然后将这些数值与实验的持续时间结合绘制成图。
对照SCE参比电极记录所有腐蚀电位(Ecorr)。
动电位极化扫描可以确定电极过程的大量信息。通过这种技术,可以获得电化学系统的腐蚀速率、点蚀敏感性、钝化和阳极/阴极行为的信息。在上述扫描过程中,阳极/阴极反应的驱动力(电位)是变化的,并且测量了反应速率(电流)的净变化。Tafel图通常在y轴显示外加电位,在x轴显示测量电流的对数,其中腐蚀电位以上的上半部分代表图的阳极部分,腐蚀电位以下的下半部分代表图的阴极部分。
Tafel区或活性区通常是一条直线,代表了电子转移,即阳极的金属氧化反应和阴极的氧还原过程。阳极和阴极Tafel斜率反推的交点代表着腐蚀电流,从中可以确定腐蚀速率。Tafel斜率本身的梯度相当于阳极/阴极Tafel常数,单位为V/10年(volts/decade),这些值是将反应速率(电流)增加十倍所需的过电压增加程度的量度。
在塔菲尔区域之外,当应用扩展的电位范围时,可以在极化数据中观察到额外的有用特征。在阳极的情况下,这样的特征被称为钝化电位。当施加的电位增加到该值以上时,观察到测量的电流密度减小,直至低的无源电流密度,即,电流密度不随外加电位增加而变化的点(无源区)。超过这一点,如果施加的电位允许并且足够大(positive),电流迅速增加,从而产生分离电位。对于铝合金来说,这种分离电位可能是由于钝化(点蚀)过程中的局部破坏。
样品数据
表3中的数据显示了获得的具有划痕损伤和完整涂层的样品的电化学值。其显示了腐蚀电位(Ecorr),阳极和阴极电流,以及微米每年(μm/year)和密耳每年(mils/year)的腐蚀速率。该数据用于构建Tafel图,其中该图证明了腐蚀的机理是阻隔还是钝化。
表4示出了当划刻时配方2发生钝化的塔菲尔图。
表4中上曲线的接近平坦的梯度与在这种情况下铝合金基底上发生的钝化过程一致。当不存在划刻时,涂层本身充当阻隔,并且由于水和氧不存在于基底上,因此不会发生钝化。表5示出了当未被划刻时配方2发生钝化的塔菲尔曲线。
相反,从配方5中可以看出阻隔性能的指示。表6和表7分别示出了配方5在划刻和未划刻时的塔菲尔曲线。显示的阳极电流和阴极电流差别很小,这表明2级石墨烯是作为物理阻隔,而非通过钝化来控制腐蚀。
2级石墨烯的阻隔性能也通过水蒸气传输测试得到了证明。根据表8,使用所述5种配方和对照C。
用聚酰胺混合物(环氧树脂:聚酰胺=5.36:1)固化环氧树脂,并将板在一致的环境温度下固化至少7天。
表9示出了水透过薄膜的传输测试结果。
可以看出,表9中的数据表明,随着2级石墨烯负载的增加,水通过膜的传输显著减少。
Claims (21)
1.一种适用于涂覆易受腐蚀的金属基底的组合物,其中该组合物包括载体介质和石墨烯薄片,其中石墨烯薄片占涂层总重的0.002wt%~0.09wt%,且石墨烯薄片包括石墨烯纳米片、双层石墨烯纳米片、少层(few-layer)石墨烯纳米片和/或石墨薄片中的一种或两种及以上的混合物,其中石墨薄片具有纳米级尺寸和25层或更少的层数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述石墨烯薄片占涂层总重的0.002wt%~0.004wt%,涂层总重的0.0026wt%~0.04wt%,涂层总重的0.0026wt%~0.0035wt%,涂层总重的0.006wt%~0.009wt%,涂层总重的约0.003wt%或涂层总重的约0.03wt%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述石墨烯薄片的堆积密度足够低,以使得大多数石墨烯薄片不与任何其他石墨烯薄片进行物理接触。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述石墨烯薄片的堆积密度足够低,以使得大多数石墨烯薄片不与任何其他石墨烯薄片进行电接触。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述石墨烯薄片的D50粒径分布为小于30μm,小于20μm或小于15μm。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的组合物,其中超过50%的石墨烯薄片在20℃下的电导率大于约2.15×107S/m。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的组合物,其中超过50%的石墨烯薄片在20℃下的电导率大于约3.5×107S/m。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的组合物,其中至少50wt%的石墨烯薄片包括具有纳米级尺寸和25层或更少层数的石墨薄片。
9.根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述载体介质是绝缘体。
10.根据权利要求1~9中任一项的组合物,其中载体介质选自交联树脂、非交联树脂、热固性丙烯酸树脂、氨基塑料、聚氨酯橡胶、氨基甲酸酯、聚酯、环氧树脂、有机硅、聚脲、硅酸盐、聚二甲基硅氧烷及其混合物和组合。
11.根据权利要求1~10中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述载体介质一旦凝固/固化,即具有可塑性变形能力。
12.根据权利要求1~11中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物进一步包括溶剂。
13.根据权利要求1~12中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物进一步包括分散剂。
14.一种用于易受腐蚀的金属基底的涂层系统,包括在金属基底上形成的第一涂层,以及随后在第一涂层上形成的第二涂层,其中第一涂层包含根据权利要求1~13中任一项所述的组合物,并且第二涂层由包含载体介质和2D材料/石墨薄片的第二组合物形成,其中2D材料/石墨薄片占第二组合物总重的0.1wt%以上。
15.根据权利要求14所述的涂层系统,其中第二组合物的2D材料/石墨薄片包括以下的一种或两种及以上的混合物:石墨烯,氧化石墨烯,还原氧化石墨烯纳米片,六方氮化硼,二硫化钼,二硒化钨,硅烯,锗烯,石墨炔,硼墨烯,磷烯,石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯纳米片、六方氮化硼、二硫化钼、二硒化钨、硅烯、锗烯、石墨炔、硼墨烯、磷烯中的两种及以上的2D面内异质结构,双层石墨烯,双层氧化石墨烯,双层还原氧化石墨烯纳米片,少层(few-layer)石墨烯,少层氧化石墨烯,少层还原氧化石墨烯纳米片,石墨薄片,层状六方氮化硼(hBN),二硫化钼(MoS2),二硒化钨(WSe2),硅烯(Si),锗烯(Ge),石墨炔(C),硼墨烯(B),磷烯(P)和/或两种及以上前述材料的2D垂直异质结构中,其中所述石墨薄片具有纳米级尺寸和25层或更少的层数。
16.根据权利要求14或15所述的涂层系统,其中第二组合物的2D材料/石墨薄片占所述涂层总重的0.1wt%~20wt%,占所述涂层总重的0.1wt%~6.0wt%,或占所述涂层总重的0.1wt%~0.5wt%。
17.根据权利要求14~16中任一项所述的涂层系统,其中超过50%的第二涂层的2D材料/石墨薄片的电导率比超过50%的第一涂层的石墨烯薄片的电导率小。
18.根据权利要求14~17中任一项所述的涂层系统,其中超过50%的第二组合物的2D材料/石墨薄片在20℃下的电导率约等于或小于2.0×10-5S/m。
19.一种金属基底的处理方法,其中所述基底涂覆有权利要求1~13中任一项所述的组合物。
20.一种金属基底的处理方法,其中所述基底采用权利要求14~18中任一项所述的系统进行处理。
21.根据权利要求19或20所述的处理方法,其中所述基底是铝、铝合金或镁基合金。
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SG11202007283RA (en) | 2020-08-28 |
GB2573036B (en) | 2023-06-07 |
US20210040331A1 (en) | 2021-02-11 |
JP7333792B2 (ja) | 2023-08-25 |
JP7333791B2 (ja) | 2023-08-25 |
CN111699222B (zh) | 2022-04-08 |
JP2021512995A (ja) | 2021-05-20 |
SG11202007181WA (en) | 2020-08-28 |
WO2019155201A1 (en) | 2019-08-15 |
KR20200118038A (ko) | 2020-10-14 |
CN111684021B (zh) | 2022-05-03 |
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