CN111688469A - 一种用于内燃叉车的混合动力驱动系统 - Google Patents

一种用于内燃叉车的混合动力驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN111688469A
CN111688469A CN201910210338.2A CN201910210338A CN111688469A CN 111688469 A CN111688469 A CN 111688469A CN 201910210338 A CN201910210338 A CN 201910210338A CN 111688469 A CN111688469 A CN 111688469A
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黄正军
周梅芳
方永寿
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Jinhua Polytechnic
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于内燃叉车的混合动力驱动系统，属于混合动力驱动技术领域，包括内燃发动机、减震器、耦合器1、IMG电机、耦合器2、变频器、蓄电池、行走液压泵、工作液压泵、行走液压马达、液压阀、倾斜液压缸和举升液压缸。本发明的内燃发动机和IMG电机并联连接，IMG电机可以工作在电动和发电两个状态，实现驱动和制动能量回收功能；行走液压泵为变量轴向柱塞泵，与定量径向柱塞液压马达组成闭环液压系统，驱动叉车行驶；在制动时行走液压泵以马达模式工作，利用叉车动能驱动IMG电机工作，将动能以电能的形式储存在蓄电池中；工作液压泵为开环液压泵，采用变量轴向柱塞泵，负责给倾斜液压缸和举升液压缸供油，油量的调节通过液压阀完成。本发明通过在传统内燃驱动系统中加入混合驱动电机实现叉车制动能量的有效回收，有助于减少能量消耗，降低排放和噪音污染，具有节能环保的作用。

Description

一种用于内燃叉车的混合动力驱动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于内燃叉车的混合动力驱动系统，属于混合动力驱动技术领域。
背景技术
作为现代工业搬运车辆，叉车被广泛应用于港口、车站、机场、货场、工厂车间、仓库、流通中心和配送中心等，在企业的物流系统中扮演着非常重要的角色，是物料搬运设备中的主力军，在国民经济的发展中起着非常重要的作用。内燃叉车由于燃料补充方便，因此可实现长时间的连续作业，而且能胜任在恶劣的环境下(如雨天)工作，在室外、车间等场所具有电动叉车无法比拟的优势，因此在我国占据着非常大的市场。
叉车一般用于货物装卸及短距离运输，由于场所的限制经常需要走走停停，制动频率高，而内燃机无法实现对制动能量的回收，从而造成了能量的损耗，内燃机长时间低速工作也造成了尾气排放和噪音污染问题。因此设计一种混合动力驱动系统，利用电机回收制动能量并用于驱动，不仅可以降低能量消耗，还有助于减少尾气排放和噪音污染，非常契合节能环保的国家政策。
发明内容
为了解决内燃叉车行驶过程中制动能量的回收及再利用问题，本发明提供了一种用于内燃叉车的混合动力驱动系统。在内燃机驱动系统中加入混合电机驱动，利用IMG电机实现叉车制动能量的回收及再利用，从而降低能量消耗，减少尾气排放和噪音污染。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的一种用于内燃叉车的混合动力驱动系统包括内燃发动机(1)、减震器(2)、耦合器1(3)、IMG电机(4)、耦合器2(5)、变频器(6)、蓄电池(7)、行走液压泵(8)、工作液压泵(9)、行走液压马达(10)、液压阀(11)、倾斜液压缸(12)和举升液压缸(13)。所述内燃发动机(1)和IMG电机(4)并联连接，IMG电机(4)可以工作在电动和发电两个状态，实现驱动和制动能量回收功能；所述行走液压泵(8)与行走液压马达(10)组成闭环液压系统，驱动叉车行驶；所述行走液压泵(8)在制动时以马达模式工作，利用叉车动能驱动IMG电机(4)工作，将动能以电能的形式储存在蓄电池(7)中；所述工作液压泵(9)通过液压阀(11)给倾斜液压缸(12)和举升液压缸(13)供油。
进一步限定的技术方案如下：
所述行走液压泵(8)为变量轴向柱塞泵，可以以液压泵/马达的模式工作，与行走液压马达(10)组成闭环液压回路，驱动叉车行驶。
所述工作液压泵(9)为开环液压泵，采用变量轴向柱塞泵，通过液压阀(11)给倾斜液压缸(12)和工作液压缸(13)供油。
所述行走液压马达(10)为定量径向柱塞马达，与行走液压泵(8)组成闭合液压回路，驱动叉车行驶。
本发明的有益技术效果体现在以下方面：
(1)本发明利用IMG电机实现对叉车制动能量的有效回收，降低了能量消耗。
(2)电机可以单独驱动叉车，避免了内燃机长时间工作，有助于减少尾气排放和噪音污染。
(3)在举升重物时电机作为辅助动力源提高系统功率。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图。
上图中序号：(1)内燃发动机、(2)减震器、(3)耦合器1、(4)IMG电机、(5)耦合器2、(6)变频器、(7)蓄电池、(8)行走液压泵、(9)工作液压泵、(10)行走液压马达、(11)液压阀、(12)倾斜液压缸、(13)举升液压缸。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，通过实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例：
参见图1，一种用于内燃叉车的混合动力驱动系统包括内燃发动机(1)、减震器(2)、耦合器1(3)、IMG电机(4)、耦合器2(5)、变频器(6)、蓄电池(7)、行走液压泵(8)、工作液压泵(9)、行走液压马达(10)、液压阀(11)、倾斜液压缸(12)和举升液压缸(13)。内燃发动机(1)和IMG电机(4)并联连接，IMG电机(4)可以工作在电动和发电两个状态，实现驱动和制动能量回收功能；行走液压泵(8)与行走液压马达(10)组成闭环液压系统，驱动叉车行驶；行走液压泵(8)在制动时以马达模式工作，利用叉车动能驱动IMG电机(4)工作，将动能以电能的形式储存在蓄电池(7)中；工作液压泵(9)通过液压阀(11)给倾斜液压缸(12)和举升液压缸(13)供油。行走液压泵(8)和工作液压泵(9)均为变量轴向柱塞泵，其中行走液压泵(8)与行走液压马达(10)组成闭环液压回路，工作液压泵(9)工作在开环液压回路中，行走液压马达(10)为定量径向柱塞马达。
本发明的混合动力驱动系统可以以4种不同模式工作：发动机单独驱动、电机单独驱动、发动机电机联合驱动、制动能量回收，其工作原理说明如下：
1.发动机单独驱动：由发动机(1)单独驱动叉车行走液压泵(8)和工作液压泵(9)，IMG电机(4)不工作，动力经内燃发动机(1)→减震器(2)→耦合器1(3)→行走液压泵(8)+工作液压泵(9)；行走液压泵(8)驱动行走液压马达(10)工作，驱动叉车行走；工作液压泵(9)通过液压阀(11)给倾斜液压缸(12)和举升液压缸(13)供油。
2.电机单独驱动：由IMG电机(4)单独驱动叉车行走液压泵(8)和工作液压泵(9)，内燃发动机(1)不工作，蓄电池(7)通过变频器(6)给IMG电机(4)供电，动力经IMG电机(4)→耦合器2(5)→行走液压泵(8)+工作液压泵(9)；行走液压泵(8)驱动行走液压马达(10)工作，驱动叉车行走；工作液压泵(9)通过液压阀(11)给倾斜液压缸(12)和举升液压缸(13)供油。
3.发动机电机联合驱动：内燃发动机(1)和IMG电机(4)同时驱动行走液压泵(8)和工作液压泵(9)；行走液压泵(8)驱动行走液压马达(10)工作，驱动叉车行走；工作液压泵(9)通过液压阀(11)给倾斜液压缸(12)和举升液压缸(13)供油。
4.制动能量回收：内燃发动机(1)不工作，IMG电机(4)工作在发电机模式，工作液压泵(9)不工作(摆角为零)，行走液压泵(8)工作在液压马达模式，由行走液压马达(10)(依靠叉车动能)驱动行走液压泵(8)运转，继而驱动IMG电机(4)发电，电能通过变频器(6)储存在蓄电池(7)中，完成制动能量的回收再利用。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于内燃叉车的混合动力驱动系统，包括内燃发动机(1)、减震器(2)、耦合器1(3)、IMG电机(4)、耦合器2(5)、变频器(6)、蓄电池(7)、行走液压泵(8)、工作液压泵(9)、行走液压马达(10)、液压阀(11)、倾斜液压缸(12)和举升液压缸(13)，其特征在于：所述内燃发动机(1)和IMG电机(4)并联连接，IMG电机(4)可以工作在电动和发电两个状态，实现驱动和制动能量回收功能；所述行走液压泵(8)与行走液压马达(10)组成闭环液压系统，驱动叉车行驶；所述行走液压泵(8)在制动时以马达模式工作，利用叉车动能驱动IMG电机(4)工作，将动能以电能的形式储存在蓄电池(7)中；所述工作液压泵(9)通过液压阀(11)给倾斜液压缸(12)和举升液压缸(13)供油；
所述混合动力驱动系统可以以4种不同模式工作：发动机单独驱动、电机单独驱动、发动机电机联合驱动、制动能量回收。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于内燃叉车的混合动力驱动系统，其特征在于：所述行走液压泵(8)为变量轴向柱塞泵，可以以液压泵/马达的模式工作，与行走液压马达(10)组成闭环液压回路，驱动叉车行驶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于内燃叉车的混合动力驱动系统，其特征在于：所述工作液压泵(9)为开环液压泵，采用变量轴向柱塞泵，通过液压阀(11)给倾斜液压缸(12)和工作液压缸(13)供油。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于内燃叉车的混合动力驱动系统，其特征在于：所述行走液压马达(10)为定量径向柱塞马达，与行走液压泵(8)组成闭合液压回路，驱动叉车行驶。
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