CN111687413B - Real-time monitoring device, forming equipment and method for laser near-net forming - Google Patents
Real-time monitoring device, forming equipment and method for laser near-net forming Download PDFInfo
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- CN111687413B CN111687413B CN202010514128.5A CN202010514128A CN111687413B CN 111687413 B CN111687413 B CN 111687413B CN 202010514128 A CN202010514128 A CN 202010514128A CN 111687413 B CN111687413 B CN 111687413B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser near-net shaping, and particularly discloses a real-time monitoring device, shaping equipment and a method for laser near-net shaping. Has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, strong applicability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser near-net shaping, and particularly relates to a real-time monitoring device, shaping equipment and method for laser near-net shaping.
Background
As a novel production process, the laser near-net forming technology combines novel technologies such as numerical control, computer and laser, and realizes the manufacturing of the three-dimensional metal piece by a method of cladding metal powder particles layer by laser. Compared with the traditional processing mode, the processing method has the advantages of few processing procedures, short period, various types of materials, capability of processing parts with complex shapes and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of industrial manufacturing, biological medical treatment, aerospace and the like.
Due to the processing characteristics of layer-by-layer laser cladding and rapid melting and solidification of metal powder particles in the laser near-net forming process, the workpiece is easy to generate the defects of layer separation, three-dimensional profile deformation, non-fusion, holes, cracks and the like, the service performance and the service life of the product are seriously influenced, particularly the manufacturing process of large-scale components, and the accumulation of fine defects finally causes the processing failure of the product. Therefore, real-time online non-destructive monitoring of each processing step is required during the processing, especially for monitoring parameters directly affecting the quality and performance of the workpiece, such as temperature distribution of the molten pool, shape change of the molten pool, three-dimensional profile deformation of the processing portion, stress field distribution of the workpiece, and internal defects.
However, there is no device capable of simultaneously monitoring multiple parameters of laser near-net-shape forming on line in real time in the prior art, so research and design need to be carried out in the art to obtain a real-time monitoring device applicable to laser near-net-shape forming, so as to realize real-time on-line measurement of multiple parameters in the laser near-net-shape forming process and guide subsequent laser near-net-shape forming.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a real-time monitoring device, a forming device and a method for laser near-net forming, which can realize the omnibearing real-time measurement of a plurality of parameters of a laser near-net forming workpiece through the design of the specific assembly relation of key components such as an annular monitoring motion platform, a 360-degree rotary processing table and a plurality of monitoring parts, and have the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, strong applicability and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a real-time monitoring device for laser near-net-shape forming, comprising a laser ultrasonic monitoring portion, a molten pool form monitoring portion, a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring portion, a workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring portion, a stress strain monitoring portion, a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring portion, a CT defect monitoring portion, an annular monitoring motion platform, and a 360 ° rotary processing table, wherein:
the laser ultrasonic monitoring part, the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part, the stress strain monitoring part and the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part are arranged on the annular monitoring motion platform and face a workpiece to be monitored; the molten pool form monitoring part and the workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring part are arranged at the side of a laser processing head for executing laser near-net shaping and keep synchronous motion with the laser processing head; the CT defect monitoring part is arranged beside the annular monitoring motion platform and is used for monitoring the internal defects of the workpiece; the annular monitoring motion platform is arranged outside the 360-degree rotary processing table and coaxially arranged with the 360-degree rotary processing table, and the 360-degree rotary processing table is used for driving a workpiece to be detected to rotate by 360 degrees so as to ensure that each monitoring part carries out 360-degree all-dimensional monitoring on the workpiece, and further realize multi-parameter online real-time measurement of laser near-net forming.
Preferably, the annular monitoring motion platform comprises an annular motion track and a lifting device, and when the workpiece is formed at each layer of height, the lifting device correspondingly lifts the annular motion track by one layer of height, so that each monitoring part on the annular monitoring motion platform can monitor the part to be monitored of the workpiece all the time.
Preferably, the laser ultrasonic monitoring part comprises an excitation laser and a detection laser, wherein the excitation laser is used for injecting a pulse laser beam to the surface of the workpiece to be detected to generate an ultrasonic signal, and the ultrasonic signal interacts with the defect in the near surface of the workpiece, is reflected to the surface of the workpiece and is received by the detection laser.
As a further preference, the molten pool form monitoring section is preferably an approach-to-visibility hyperspectral camera; the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part is preferably an ultra-high speed photoelectric temperature measuring instrument; the workpiece three-dimensional contour monitoring part is preferably a high-speed industrial camera.
Further preferably, the stress-strain monitoring section includes a bottom strain measuring mechanism and a side strain measuring mechanism, wherein the bottom strain measuring mechanism includes a strain signal analyzer and a strain measuring sensor array connected to each other, the strain signal analyzer is installed at the bottom of the 360 ° rotary processing table, and the strain measuring sensor array is embedded in a substrate on which the workpiece is placed to measure the strain at the bottom of the workpiece; the side surface strain measuring mechanism is an industrial camera which is arranged on the annular monitoring motion platform, and a light splitter is arranged between the side surface strain measuring mechanism and the workpiece; preferably, the strain gauge sensor array has a temperature compensation function.
Preferably, the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part comprises a detector and a spectrograph which are connected with each other, wherein the detector is used for detecting and acquiring plasma light emitted from the surface of the workpiece and transmitting the plasma light to the spectrograph so as to detect the element components and the content of the workpiece preparation material.
Further preferably, the CT defect monitoring unit includes an X-ray source and an X-ray detector, which are located at two sides of the workpiece, wherein the X-ray source is configured to emit X-rays, and the X-rays penetrate the workpiece and are received by the X-ray detector.
More preferably, the laser ultrasonic monitoring unit detects by using ultrasonic waves having a wavelength of 0.4 to 0.5mm, the molten pool shape monitoring unit and the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring unit detect by using infrared light having a wavelength of 780 to 950nm, the workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring unit and the stress strain monitoring unit detect by using visible light having a wavelength of 446 to 464mm, the laser induced breakdown spectrum monitoring unit detects by using laser light having a wavelength of 530 to 540nm, and the CT defect monitoring unit detects by using laser light having a wavelength of 10-3Detecting with nm-10 nm X-ray; preferably, the narrow band pass filter design is performed for the molten pool form monitoring section, the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring section, the workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring section, and the stress strain monitoring section.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a laser near-net-shape forming apparatus with a real-time monitoring function, the forming apparatus includes a laser processing device, a control device and the real-time monitoring device, wherein the laser processing device is configured to perform laser near-net-shape forming, the real-time monitoring device is configured to monitor a workpiece in real time during the laser near-net-shape forming process, and feed monitored data back to the control device, and the control device dynamically adjusts laser near-net-shape forming process parameters based on the monitored data fed back by the real-time monitoring device, and controls the laser processing device to operate based on the dynamically adjusted parameters, so as to implement preparation of a high-quality laser near-net-shape formed workpiece.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a laser near-net-shape forming method with a real-time monitoring function, comprising the steps of:
1) the method comprises the following steps that a laser processing device is utilized to print a single-layer cladding layer of a workpiece to be formed, and bottom strain measuring mechanisms of a molten pool form monitoring part, a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part and a stress strain monitoring part work in real time in the printing process so as to realize real-time monitoring of dynamic appearance profile of the molten pool, temperature distribution of the molten pool and bottom strain of the workpiece;
2) after the printing of the single-layer cladding layer is finished, the laser processing device returns to a preset original point and stops, side strain measuring mechanisms of a three-dimensional profile monitoring part of the workpiece, a laser ultrasonic monitoring part, a CT defect monitoring part, a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part and a stress strain monitoring part start to work synchronously or in a time-sharing mode, so that the real-time monitoring of the three-dimensional profile appearance of the workpiece, the near-surface defect of the workpiece, the internal defect of the workpiece, the element composition and content of a preparation material of the workpiece and the side strain of the workpiece is realized, a 360-degree rotary processing table drives the workpiece to rotate for 360 degrees in the detection process, the workpiece is guaranteed to be scanned by all monitoring parts in all directions, and the aim of all-direction real-time online monitoring is fulfilled;
3) each monitoring part feeds monitored data back to the control device, the control device dynamically adjusts the process parameters of laser near-net-shape forming based on the monitored data fed back by the real-time monitoring device, and the dynamically adjusted process parameters are used as the printing process of the next cladding layer;
4) and repeating the steps 1) to 3) to realize the laser near-net shaping of the required workpiece.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
1. the invention researches and designs a real-time monitoring device applicable to laser near-net-shape forming, which can realize online real-time measurement of a plurality of parameters (such as near-surface defects of a workpiece, dynamic appearance and profile of a molten pool, temperature distribution of the molten pool, three-dimensional appearance of the workpiece, strain of the bottom and side surfaces of the workpiece, element components of the workpiece material and internal defects of the workpiece) in the laser near-net-shape forming process, and can guide subsequent laser near-net-shape forming by utilizing the parameter data so as to improve the quality of the laser near-net-shape formed workpiece.
2. According to the invention, the annular monitoring motion platform is built, a plurality of real-time online monitoring devices can be installed, after one layer is processed, the monitoring devices installed on the annular monitoring motion platform can be driven to rise by the height of one printing layer, the monitoring devices can be ensured to be accurately focused on a monitoring point, the workpiece is driven to rotate by 360 degrees by building a 360-degree rotary processing platform matched with the annular monitoring motion platform, the workpiece can be ensured to be scanned in all directions, the aim of all-dimensional real-time online monitoring of the profile of the workpiece is fulfilled, and meanwhile, the molten pool form monitoring part and the workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring part are designed to be in synchronous motion with the laser processing head, so that all-dimensional accurate scanning monitoring of the molten pool form and the three-dimensional profile of the workpiece can be ensured.
3. The invention adopts the laser ultrasonic detection technology to monitor the near-surface hole crack defects of the workpiece, utilizes the mechanism that the laser acts on the surface of the workpiece to excite ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted and diffused from the interior of the workpiece, and ultrasonic signals with different distances from excitation points are extracted and analyzed, so as to judge the position and the shape distribution of the defects of the workpiece.
4. In the process of monitoring the shape and temperature of the molten pool, the near visible hyperspectral camera synchronously acting with the laser head is used for measuring the shape, the ultrahigh-speed photoelectric thermodetector is used for measuring the temperature, the measurement precision of the contour of the molten pool can reach 0.001mm, the temperature measurement precision can be +/-5 ℃, the influence of environmental noise can be effectively eliminated, and the molten pool area can be quickly and accurately judged.
5. The invention measures the bottom surface strain of a workpiece through a strain measurement sensor array arranged in a substrate, records the speckle distribution of laser spots on the side surface of a sample through an industrial camera, realizes the measurement of the side surface strain of the workpiece, realizes the omnibearing strain measurement of the workpiece through low-cost hardware combination and optical measurement-electrical measurement compounding, and can invert the stress according to the measured stress and the existing finite element calculation mixing method, thereby realizing efficient real-time non-contact and nondestructive stress detection.
6. The invention adopts laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy nondestructive online detection to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis and detection on element components of a machined part, and utilizes the stripping phenomenon generated by the action of pulse laser on the machined part to perform detection and spectral analysis on plasma light radiation induced around a metal molten pool, thereby providing environment cleanliness support for controlling the quality of an additive manufacturing component.
7. The CT defect monitoring part is arranged beside the annular monitoring platform due to the fact that the CT defect detection device is large in size, so that bearing pressure of the annular monitoring platform is reduced, and stability of the device is improved.
8. Because the monitoring device comprises a plurality of monitoring components which have certain interference with each other, in order to ensure that different monitoring components do not interfere with each other when working and avoid the interference of light and vibration among detection methods, the invention researches and designs the detection modes and the detection wavelengths of all monitoring parts, a specific laser ultrasonic monitoring part adopts ultrasonic waves with the wavelength of 0.4-0.5 mm for detection, a molten pool shape monitoring part and a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part adopt infrared light with the wavelength of 780-950 nm for detection, a workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring part and a stress strain monitoring part adopt visible light with the wavelength of 446-464 mm for detection, a laser-induced breakdown spectrum monitoring part adopts laser with the wavelength of 530-540 nm for detection, and a CT defect monitoring part adopts X rays with the wavelength of 10-3-10 nm for detection; through the design, the interference among the monitoring components can be effectively avoided.
9. The invention also provides laser near-net forming equipment and a laser near-net forming method with the real-time monitoring device, so that the laser near-net forming process can be dynamically adjusted based on the data monitored by the real-time monitoring device in real time, the closed-loop control of the laser near-net forming processing process is further realized, and the quality and the performance of a machined part are integrally improved.
10. In the invention, the molten pool form monitoring part, the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part and the bottom strain measuring mechanism work in real time in the printing process, and the workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring part, the laser ultrasonic monitoring part, the CT defect monitoring part, the laser induced breakdown spectrum monitoring part and the side strain measuring mechanism start to work synchronously or step by step after the printing is finished, so that time-interval delay measurement is realized, the interference among all parts is avoided, the influence of the molten pool on the detection result is avoided, and the detection precision is further improved.
11. In addition, the invention also carries out narrow band-pass filter design on the molten pool form monitoring part, the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part, the workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring part and the stress strain monitoring part so as to eliminate the interference of a laser heat source and improve the monitoring accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser near-net-shape forming apparatus with a real-time monitoring function according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an assembly structure between the annular monitoring motion platform and each monitoring part according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a stress-strain monitoring portion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring section according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1-a computer control system, 2-a mechanical arm control cabinet, 3-an optical fiber coupler, 4-an axial robot, 5-a mechanical arm, 6-a transmission optical fiber, 7-a laser processing head, 8-a powder feeding device, 9-a protective gas supply device, 10-a detection laser, 11-an ultra-high speed photoelectric temperature measuring instrument, 12-a workbench, 13-a substrate, 14-a strain measurement sensor array, 15-360-degree rotary processing table, 16-a workpiece, 17-a high-speed industrial camera, 18-an approaching visible hyperspectral camera, 19-an excitation laser, 20-a fixed frame, 21-an X-ray source, 22-an X-ray detector, 100-a stress strain monitoring part, 200-an annular monitoring motion platform and 300-a laser induced breakdown spectrum monitoring part, 101-strain signal analyzer, 102-optical splitter, 103-industrial camera, 201-circular motion track, 202-lifting device, 301-plasma light, 302-detector, 303-spectral spectrograph, 304-optical fiber cable, 305-plasma.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a real-time monitoring device for laser near-net-shape forming, which includes a laser ultrasonic monitoring portion, a molten pool shape monitoring portion, a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring portion, a workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring portion, a stress strain monitoring portion, a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring portion 300, a CT defect monitoring portion, an annular monitoring motion platform 200, and a 360 ° rotary processing table 15.
The device comprises a laser ultrasonic monitoring part, a molten pool form monitoring part, a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part, a workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring part, a stress strain monitoring part, a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part and a CT defect monitoring part, wherein the laser ultrasonic monitoring part is used for monitoring defects such as hole cracks on the near surface of a workpiece, the molten pool form monitoring part is used for monitoring the dynamic profile of the molten pool, the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part is used for monitoring the temperature distribution of the molten pool, the workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring part is used for monitoring the three-dimensional profile of the workpiece, the stress strain monitoring part is used for monitoring the stress field distribution of the workpiece, the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part is used for qualitatively and quantitatively detecting the element components of the prepared material of the workpiece, and the CT defect monitoring part is used for monitoring the internal defects of the workpiece. Specifically, laser ultrasonic monitoring acts on the near-surface internal defect of a printed piece, the approximate position, type and size of the defect are detected by analyzing ultrasonic signals, CT defect monitoring penetrates the printed piece through X rays, the image inside the printed piece can be restored by receiving post-processing through an X-ray detector, and the defect can be seen more visually and clearly.
Specifically, the laser ultrasonic monitoring part, the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part, the stress strain monitoring part and the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part are arranged on the annular monitoring motion platform 200 and face the workpiece to be monitored; the molten pool form monitoring part and the workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring part are arranged at the side of a laser processing head for executing laser near-net-shape forming and keep synchronous motion with the laser processing head; the CT defect monitoring part is arranged at the side of the annular monitoring motion platform 200 and used for monitoring the internal defects of the workpiece. The annular monitoring motion platform 200 is arranged outside the 360-degree rotary processing table 15 and is coaxially arranged with the 360-degree rotary processing table, and the 360-degree rotary processing table 15 is used for driving a workpiece to rotate by 360 degrees so as to ensure that each monitoring part carries out 360-degree all-dimensional monitoring on the workpiece, and further realize multi-parameter online real-time monitoring of laser near-net forming.
As shown in fig. 2, the circular monitoring moving platform 200 includes a circular moving rail 201 and a lifting device 202, the circular moving rail 201 is disposed outside the 360 ° rotary processing table 15 and is disposed coaxially with the 360 ° rotary processing table, and the circular moving rail 201 is centered on the workpiece and can move up and down by the lifting device. The circular motion track 201 is provided with a laser ultrasonic monitoring part, a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part, a stress strain monitoring part 100 and a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part. When the workpiece 16 is subjected to cladding processing layer by layer, the lifting device 202 integrally lifts the annular moving track 201 by the powder spreading height of one layer when the height of one layer is processed, the workpiece 16 is driven to rotate by the designed 360-degree rotary workbench 15 so as to be monitored by all-dimensional scanning, and all monitoring parts placed on the annular moving track 201 are always focused on the part being processed by the action of the lifting device 202, so that the purpose of real-time online monitoring is realized. The 360-degree rotary processing table is powered to rotate by the electric motor, and has the function of driving the substrate and the workpieces on the substrate to rotate around the center, so that the monitoring devices arranged on the periphery can carry out non-dead-angle all-around monitoring on the workpieces on the substrate, and the purpose of monitoring the workpieces in real time is achieved.
As the related monitoring fields are numerous and comprise laser ultrasonic monitoring, molten pool temperature distribution monitoring, stress strain monitoring, laser-induced breakdown spectrum monitoring and the like on a processed sample, the height of a layer of metal powder particles can be increased after one layer of processed workpiece is processed, and in order to solve the problems of installation and positioning of the monitoring device, the annular monitoring motion platform and the 360-degree rotary processing table are designed, so that the assembly of each monitoring device and the rotation of the workpiece are realized, and the function of omnibearing real-time monitoring is realized.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the laser ultrasonic monitoring part includes an excitation laser 19 and a detection laser 10, the detection laser is mounted on an annular moving track 201, and the excitation laser 19 is mounted on the detection laser 10. The excitation laser 19 emits pulse laser beams to the surface of a workpiece to be detected, so that rapid thermal expansion is locally generated on the surface of the workpiece 16, excited ultrasonic waves are transmitted inside the workpiece and interact with defects inside the workpiece, and are finally reflected to the surface of the workpiece, the detection laser 10 receives ultrasonic signals reflected on the surface of the workpiece after interaction and transmits the ultrasonic signals to a computer control system for processing, and the detection system has the characteristics of high resolution, wide frequency band, high energy, no contact and the like, and has higher detection precision compared with a traditional monitoring mode. By detecting the ultrasonic signals obtained by the laser 10, the near surface of the workpiece can be analyzed for the presence, type and location of defects (e.g., cracks, holes, unfused, stress concentrations) and the laser scanning strategy and processing parameters can be adjusted based on the analysis results. The specific analysis method can be performed by the conventional method, and is not described herein.
Specifically, the molten pool shape monitoring part is preferably an approaching visible hyperspectral camera 18 which is arranged beside the laser processing head 7 through a fixing frame 20 and moves synchronously with the laser processing head, the scanning position of the molten pool can be ensured to be consistent with that of the laser processing head by adjusting the angle of the molten pool shape monitoring part, and the dynamic characteristics and the shape profile of the metal molten pool can be monitored in real time. The near-visible hyperspectral camera can eliminate the influence of environmental noise, quickly and accurately judge the molten pool area, the obtained image information is transmitted to the computer control system 1 for analysis, and the computer control system 1 controls parameters such as single-channel scanning height, laser power and energy density based on the obtained information so as to improve the processing quality in real time.
Further, the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part is preferably an ultra-high speed photoelectric temperature measuring instrument 11, which is mounted on the circular motion track 201 and used for monitoring the temperature distribution of the peripheral part of the metal molten pool in real time, judging whether the temperature distribution gradient of the molten pool is too large, if the temperature distribution gradient is too large, feeding back to the computer control system, and adjusting processing parameters such as laser power, scanning interval, laser spot radius, scanning speed and the like, thereby improving the condition of temperature distribution.
Referring to fig. 3, the stress-strain monitoring section includes a bottom strain measuring mechanism and a side strain measuring mechanism, wherein the bottom strain measuring mechanism includes a strain signal analyzer 101 and a strain measuring sensor array 14 connected to each other, and the strain signal analyzer 101 is installed at the bottom of a 360 ° rotary processing table and transmits an electric signal through a cable connection. The bottom of the printed matter has a certain area, and the strain measurement sensor array 14 can measure the strain condition of each part by carrying out array distribution design, so that the strain condition measurement of the bottom of the printed matter is more accurate. A strain measurement sensor array 14 is embedded in the substrate 13 to measure the strain at the bottom of the workpiece. The lateral strain measuring mechanism is preferably an industrial camera 103 which is mounted on an endless moving track 201 with a beam splitter 102 arranged between it and the workpiece.
In the initial stage of processing a workpiece, metal powder particles are directly spread on a substrate 13 for laser processing, strain monitoring of the workpiece is sensed by a strain measurement sensor array 14 which is arranged in the substrate 13 in advance, and strain field distribution of the substrate is acquired through array type distribution optimization design of sensors. Since the substrate needs to be preheated when the bottom layer is printed, the temperature rise will have an influence on the measurement effect of the sensor, so the strain measurement sensor array 14 is designed with a temperature compensation function to eliminate the influence caused by the temperature rise. Signals measured by the strain measurement sensor array 14 are transmitted to the strain signal analyzer 101 for processing, stress inversion is performed by combining a finite element calculation method, so that nondestructive measurement of stress at the bottom of the workpiece is realized, and how to realize stress inversion is the prior art and is not described herein again. In the middle and later period of machining, the industrial camera 103 mounted on the circular motion track 201 measures the strain of the side face of the workpiece, specifically, a laser beam is adopted to irradiate the side face of the workpiece to generate speckles, the industrial camera acquires speckle images, the workpiece is driven to rotate by a 360-degree rotary machining table, the strain of the side face of the workpiece is measured in all directions, then the strain is calculated according to the images acquired by the industrial camera by a conventional digital correlation analysis method, the stress inversion is carried out by combining strain data and a finite element calculation method, the stress nondestructive measurement of the side face of the workpiece is realized, and how to realize the stress inversion is the prior art and is not described herein.
Specifically, the workpiece three-dimensional contour monitoring section is preferably a high-speed industrial camera 17 which is mounted on the side of the laser processing head and moves in synchronization with the laser processing head. The scanning device is specifically arranged beside a laser processing head 7 through a fixing frame 20, ensures that the mechanical arm moves synchronously during processing, scans the external contour of a processed part in real time to obtain a workpiece image, performs accurate edge contour extraction through the workpiece image, compares the edge contour with the designed ideal contour dimension of the workpiece, identifies and analyzes the warpage defect of a processing layer and the dimension error of a surface contour, and transmits analysis data to a computer control system 1 to adjust the scanning track.
Referring to fig. 4, the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring section 300 includes a probe 302 and a spectrograph 303 connected to each other, the probe 302 and the spectrograph 303 are connected by a fiber optic cable 304, and the spectrograph 303 is mounted on the circular motion rail 201. During detection, a stripping phenomenon is generated by the action of pulsed laser on the surface of a workpiece 16, a plasma 305 with short service life and high brightness is generated on the surface of a material, the plasma 305 expands outwards at supersonic speed and is rapidly cooled, atoms and ions in an excited state transition from a high energy state to a low energy state within the period of time, plasma light 301 with specific wavelength is emitted, the plasma light is detected and obtained by a high-sensitivity detector 302, information is transmitted to a spectrum spectrograph 303 by an optical fiber cable 304, the spectrum spectrograph 303 can analyze what elements exist in a sample according to the obtained information and can perform further qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis on the spectrum, the detection of element components and content in the processing process is realized, the identification, classification, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the material can be further performed, the material analysis can be directly performed without preprocessing the sample, the method has the advantages of high measurement speed, non-contact measurement, capability of analyzing various elements simultaneously and the like. The specific analysis method can be performed by the conventional method, and is not described herein.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the CT defect monitoring unit includes an X-ray source 21 and an X-ray detector 22, X-rays emitted from the X-ray source 21 penetrate through the workpiece and are received by the X-ray detector 22, and the X-ray detector 22 transmits the received information to a computer system to obtain the internal defect and the geometric outline image of the workpiece, so as to visually detect the type, position and size of the internal defect of the workpiece. Specifically, according to different attenuation coefficients of each volume element in each transmission direction, the internal defect and geometric outline image of the machined part are obtained by combining a computer information processing and image reconstruction technology, feedback information is compared with set information, and after errors are found, the feedback information is fed back to the laser processing device for real-time regulation and control. The CT defect monitoring device is installed beside the circular monitoring motion platform 200 due to its large volume, and specifically, the X-ray source 21 and the X-ray detector 22 are disposed on the working table 12 and located at two sides of the circular motion track 201. After the current layer processing and each monitoring are completed, the workpiece 16 on the substrate is driven to rotate through the 360-degree rotating workbench 15, so that the CT defect monitoring part can perform all-dimensional three-dimensional scanning analysis on the workpiece.
The invention also provides laser near-net forming equipment with a real-time monitoring function, which comprises a laser processing device, a control device and the real-time monitoring device, wherein the laser processing device is used for executing laser near-net forming, the real-time monitoring device is used for monitoring various parameters of a workpiece to be formed in real time in the laser near-net forming process and feeding back monitoring data to the control device, the control device dynamically adjusts the technological parameters of the laser near-net forming based on the monitoring data fed back by the real-time monitoring device, specifically determines whether processing defects and defect types and defect positions exist or not by using the fed-back monitoring data, timely adjusts and optimizes the laser processing parameters based on the defect types and the defect positions, then realizes the control of the laser processing device by using the adjusted and optimized laser processing parameters, namely, the laser processing device executes the laser near-net forming by using the adjusted laser processing parameters, thereby controlling the defect error of each processing step within an acceptable range, and further preparing a high-quality defect-free workpiece. How to adjust the laser processing parameters based on the defect type and the defect position is a conventional technique in the art and is not described herein.
Continuing to refer to fig. 1, the laser processing device includes a laser processing head 7, an optical fiber coupler 3, a powder feeding device 8, a shielding gas supply device 9, a workbench 12, a substrate 13 and a control assembly, wherein the substrate 13 and an annular monitoring motion platform 200 are arranged above the workbench 12, the substrate 13 is rotated by an electric motor, the electric motor is installed in the workbench 12, the laser processing head 7 is connected with the optical fiber coupler 3 through a transmission optical fiber 6, the control assembly includes a mechanical arm control cabinet 2, an axial robot 4 and a mechanical arm 5 which are sequentially connected, the mechanical arm control cabinet 2 is connected with a computer control system 1, and the mechanical arm 5 is connected with the laser processing head 7. During forming, the designed workpiece structure information is input into a computer control system 1, processing tracks of all layers are obtained through slicing software and are transmitted to a mechanical arm control cabinet 2, so that the motion tracks of an axial robot 4 and a mechanical arm 5 in six-freedom-degree directions are controlled, a laser processing head 7 arranged on the mechanical arm 5 is driven to move, an optical fiber coupler 3 transmits optical signals to the laser processing head 7 through a transmission optical fiber 6, light is focused on a preset workpiece 16 through a focusing lens, a substrate 13 is arranged on a 360-degree rotary processing table 15, the substrate 13 is preheated before processing to solve the problems of stress concentration and the like, a powder feeding device 8 sends metal powder particles to the substrate 13 at a certain flow rate and at a certain motion track, a protective gas supply device 9 provides an anaerobic environment in a processing area to prevent materials from being oxidized during processing, and solid metal powder particles sent by the powder feeding device 8 are rapidly melted through laser emitted by the laser processing head 7 And the molten pool is rapidly solidified and cladded layer by layer to finally form the designed workpiece shape. In the forming process, the 360-degree rotary processing table 15 drives the substrate and the workpiece 16 thereon to rotate, and 360-degree all-dimensional dead-angle-free monitoring is carried out on the workpiece by utilizing each designed monitoring part.
Specifically, the control device of the invention is a computer control system 1, which is used for controlling a laser processing device, a laser ultrasonic monitoring part, a molten pool shape monitoring part, a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part, a workpiece three-dimensional contour monitoring part, a stress strain monitoring part, a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part, a CT defect monitoring part, an annular monitoring motion platform and a 360-degree rotary processing table, processing and analyzing the acquired molten pool image information, temperature distribution information, workpiece three-dimensional shape information, qualitative and quantitative information of the components of a processed part material, near-surface defect analysis and detection information of the workpiece, internal defect analysis and detection information of the workpiece, stress analysis and detection information of the workpiece and the like, judging whether processing defects exist, determining the types and the positions of the defects, adjusting and optimizing laser processing parameters in time, improving the quality of the processed workpiece, and if larger defect information exists, the quality cannot be improved, the control device stops all the processing parts and gives an alarm to prevent the machine from being damaged by continuous processing.
The laser near-net forming equipment comprises the following specific working procedures:
1) firstly, controlling a laser processing device to complete single-layer material melting to form a printing cladding layer which is a detection object, and enabling a molten pool form monitoring part, a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part and a bottom strain measuring mechanism to work in real time in the printing process so as to realize real-time monitoring of a molten pool dynamic appearance profile, molten pool temperature distribution and workpiece bottom strain;
2) after the printing of the single-layer cladding layer is finished, the laser processing device returns to the preset original point, stops, waits for the work of other detection parts, and in order to avoid the interference of light and vibration between detection sections, the three-dimensional profile monitoring part, the laser ultrasonic monitoring part, the CT defect monitoring part, the laser induced breakdown spectrum monitoring part and the side surface strain measuring mechanism of the workpiece work in a staggered sequence and can work at the same time, certainly, the rotating processing table 15 with 360 degrees drives the workpiece to rotate in the detection process, and the omnibearing real-time online monitoring of the workpiece is realized;
3) each monitoring part feeds monitored data (including workpiece near-surface hole crack defect data, molten pool dynamic appearance profile data, molten pool temperature distribution data, workpiece three-dimensional appearance profile data, workpiece stress field distribution data, workpiece preparation material element components and content data, workpiece internal defect data and the like) back to a control device, the control device dynamically adjusts laser near-net forming process parameters based on the monitored data fed back by the real-time monitoring device, for example, laser power, scanning speed, scanning interval, laser spot radius, powder feeding flow and the like are adjusted, and the dynamically adjusted process parameters are used as a printing process of a next cladding layer;
4) and (3) repeating the steps 1) and 3) to realize the laser near-net forming of the required workpiece, namely, after the machining and detection work of the current layer is finished, entering the circulation of 'machining-detection-feedback optimization-machining' of the next layer, and so on until the laser near-net forming of the whole workpiece is finished.
The device comprises a molten pool form monitoring part, a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part and a bottom strain measuring mechanism of the strain monitoring part, wherein the bottom strain measuring mechanism of the molten pool form monitoring part, the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part and the strain monitoring part measure in real time in the printing process, and the side strain measuring mechanisms of the three-dimensional profile monitoring part, the laser ultrasonic monitoring part, the CT defect monitoring part, the laser induced breakdown spectrum monitoring part and the strain monitoring part of a workpiece measure after a cladding layer is printed, so that time-interval delay measurement is realized, the interference among monitoring methods is avoided, the influence of the molten pool on a detection result is effectively avoided, and the detection precision is improved.
During specific operation, the computer control system 1 controls the mechanical arm control cabinet 2 and the optical fiber coupler 3 so as to control the motion track of the laser processing head 7, the powder feeding device 8 provides metal powder particles, the protective gas supply device 9 provides protective gas to avoid oxidation of the metal powder particles in the melting process, single-layer material melting is completed on the substrate 13, and a printing cladding layer is formed and serves as a detection object; the high-speed industrial camera 17 monitors the three-dimensional outline size deformation of the workpiece 16, the approaching visible hyperspectral camera 18 monitors the dynamic morphology of a molten pool, and the dynamic morphology of the molten pool work synchronously with the laser processing head 7; meanwhile, a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part 300, a side surface strain measuring mechanism, an ultra-high speed photoelectric temperature measuring instrument 11, a detection laser 10 and an excitation laser 19 which are arranged on the annular monitoring moving platform 200 respectively carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis and detection of material elements, stress field distribution detection, molten pool temperature distribution detection and internal defect detection on the workpiece 16, a strain measurement sensor array 14 arranged in the substrate 13 is combined to carry out detection and analysis on a strain result at the bottom of the processed workpiece, the ratio of the measured strain result to a finite element calculation result is compared, and the stress distribution of the workpiece is inverted. Through setting up 360 rotation type processing platforms 15, drive the machined part and carry out 360 rotations, guarantee that each monitoring devices can all-round scanning machined part side, reach the purpose to the all-round real-time on-line monitoring of machined part profile.
In order to integrate seven different monitoring modules which work normally without mutual interference and avoid the interference of light and vibration among all the detection methods, besides adopting time-interval measurement, the invention also researches and designs the detection mode and the detection wavelength of each monitoring part so as to realize the staggered and unified regulation and control of different wave bands. Specifically, the ultrasonic wave with the wavelength of 0.4-0.5 mm (preferably 0.48mm) is adopted for the laser ultrasonic monitoring part for detection, the infrared light with the wavelength of 780-950 nm is adopted for the molten pool form monitoring part and the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part for detection, the visible light with the wavelength of 446-464 mm is adopted for the workpiece three-dimensional contour monitoring part and the stress strain monitoring part for detection, the laser induced breakdown spectrum monitoring part is adopted for detection, the laser with the wavelength of 530-540 nm (preferably 532nm) is adopted for detection, and the CT defect monitoring part is adopted for detection, the wavelength of 10-3Detecting with nm-10 nm X-ray.
In addition, narrow band pass filter design is further carried out on the molten pool form monitoring part, the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part, the workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring part and the stress strain monitoring part, specifically, a filter plate is arranged between the molten pool form monitoring part (namely, the near visible hyperspectral camera 18) and the molten pool for decoupling, so that infrared monitoring light consistent with the detection light wavelength of the near visible hyperspectral camera is reserved, and the light influence of a laser heat source is eliminated. A filter is arranged between a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part (namely the ultra-high-speed photoelectric thermometer 11) and a molten pool for decoupling so as to keep infrared monitoring light with the same wavelength as the detection light of the ultra-high-speed photoelectric thermometer and eliminate the light influence of a laser heat source. A filter is arranged between the workpiece three-dimensional contour monitoring part (namely the high-speed industrial camera 17) and the workpiece to be measured for decoupling, so that visible light with the same wavelength as that of the detection light of the high-speed industrial camera is reserved, the light influence of a laser heat source is eliminated, and single-wavelength (460nm) blue light is used as a projection light source of the high-speed industrial camera. For the stress-strain monitoring part, a filter is arranged between the industrial camera 103 and the optical splitter 102 for decoupling, so that visible light with the same wavelength as that of the detection light of the industrial camera 103 is reserved, and the light influence of a laser heat source is eliminated.
The invention relates to real-time online nondestructive monitoring of near net shape laser, which comprises near surface defect detection of a workpiece, qualitative and quantitative detection of element components of a workpiece material, external three-dimensional contour dimension error deformation detection of the workpiece, dynamic morphology detection of a processing molten pool, temperature distribution detection of the processing molten pool and stress field distribution detection of the workpiece. The method comprises the steps of installing a plurality of sets of monitoring devices on the periphery of a machined part, carrying out real-time online monitoring around a machining center, transmitting monitored data to a computer in real time to carry out machined part quality and defect analysis, and feeding back an analysis result to a laser machining device in real time to adjust a machining process, such as laser power, laser scanning speed, laser scanning interval, laser spot radius, single-layer cladding height, powder yield of metal powder particles and the like, so that machining parameters of each layer at each step are optimized, and defect errors of each machining step are controlled within an acceptable range. In addition, defects generated by machining can be improved and eliminated by utilizing a laser remelting technology, and for serious errors exceeding a preset range, a stop signal and an alarm signal can be sent to a laser machining device so as to avoid material waste and device damage caused by continuous machining.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The laser near-net forming method for controlling the defect error is characterized in that the forming method is realized by adopting laser near-net forming equipment, the forming equipment comprises a laser processing device, a control device and a real-time monitoring device, the real-time monitoring device comprises a laser ultrasonic monitoring part for realizing the monitoring of the near-surface defect of a workpiece, a molten pool form monitoring part for realizing the monitoring of the dynamic appearance profile of a molten pool, a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part for realizing the monitoring of the temperature distribution of the molten pool, a workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring part for realizing the monitoring of the three-dimensional profile of the workpiece, a stress strain monitoring part (100) for realizing the measurement of the bottom and the side surface strain of the workpiece, a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part (300) for realizing the qualitative and quantitative detection of the element components of the material prepared by the workpiece, a CT defect monitoring part for realizing the internal defect monitoring of the workpiece, a CT defect monitoring part for realizing the qualitative and quantitative detection of the internal defect of the workpiece, a computer system for realizing the real-time monitoring of the defect of the workpiece, The device comprises an annular monitoring motion platform (200) and a 360-degree rotary processing table (15), wherein the annular monitoring motion platform (200) comprises an annular motion track (201) and a lifting device (202), and a laser ultrasonic monitoring part, a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part, a stress strain monitoring part and a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part are arranged on the annular motion track (201) and face a workpiece to be monitored; the molten pool form monitoring part and the workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring part are arranged at the side of a laser processing head for executing laser near-net shaping and keep synchronous motion with the laser processing head; the CT defect monitoring part is arranged beside the annular moving track (201) and used for monitoring the internal defects of the workpiece; the annular motion track (201) is arranged outside the 360-degree rotary processing table (15) and is coaxial with the 360-degree rotary processing table, and the 360-degree rotary processing table (15) is used for driving a workpiece to be detected to rotate for 360 degrees so as to ensure that each monitoring part carries out 360-degree all-dimensional monitoring on the workpiece; the stress-strain monitoring part (100) comprises a bottom strain measuring mechanism and a side strain measuring mechanism, and the bottom strain of the workpiece is measured by the bottom strain measuring mechanism at the initial stage of processing the workpiece; in the middle and later processing stages, a side strain measuring mechanism is adopted to measure the side strain of the workpiece; the method comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps that a laser processing device is utilized to print a single-layer cladding layer of a workpiece to be formed, and a molten pool form monitoring part, a molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part and a bottom strain measuring mechanism work in real time in the printing process so as to realize real-time monitoring of dynamic appearance profile of a molten pool, temperature distribution of the molten pool and bottom strain of the workpiece;
2) after the printing of the single-layer cladding layer is finished, the laser processing device returns to a preset original point and stops, the three-dimensional profile monitoring part of the workpiece, the laser ultrasonic monitoring part, the CT defect monitoring part, the laser induced breakdown spectrum monitoring part and the side surface strain measuring mechanism start to work synchronously or in a time-sharing mode, the real-time monitoring of the three-dimensional profile appearance of the workpiece, the near surface defect of the workpiece, the internal defect of the workpiece, the element components and the content of the preparation material of the workpiece and the side surface strain of the workpiece is realized, the real-time monitoring data is fed back to the control device, the 360-degree rotary processing table drives the workpiece to rotate for 360 degrees in the detection process, the workpiece is guaranteed to be scanned in all directions by all monitoring parts, and the purpose of all-direction real-time online monitoring is realized;
the laser ultrasonic monitoring part enables pulse laser beams to be incident on the surface of a workpiece, so that rapid thermal expansion is generated on the local surface of the workpiece, excited ultrasonic waves are transmitted in the workpiece and interact with defects in the workpiece, and are finally reflected to the surface of the workpiece, and ultrasonic signals reflected on the surface of the workpiece after interaction are transmitted to the control device;
the molten pool form monitoring part monitors the dynamic characteristics and the form profile of the metal molten pool in real time and transmits image information to the control device;
the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part monitors the temperature distribution of the peripheral part of the metal molten pool in real time, judges whether the temperature distribution gradient of the molten pool is overlarge or not, and feeds back the temperature distribution gradient to the control device if the temperature distribution gradient is overlarge;
the workpiece three-dimensional contour monitoring part scans the external contour of the processed part in real time to obtain a workpiece image, performs accurate edge contour extraction through the workpiece image, compares the edge contour with a preset ideal contour size of the workpiece to identify and analyze a processing layer face warping defect and a surface contour size error, and transmits analysis data to the control device;
the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part acts on the surface of a workpiece through pulse laser to generate a stripping phenomenon, plasma is generated on the surface, the plasma expands outwards and is rapidly cooled, atoms and ions in an excited state transition from a high energy state to a low energy state, plasma light with specific wavelength is emitted, and the information of the plasma light is obtained to analyze which elements exist in a sample, so that the detection of element components and content in the processing process is realized;
the CT defect monitoring part is used for emitting X-rays penetrating through a workpiece, receiving the X-rays and transmitting the received X-ray information to the control device;
3) the control device dynamically adjusts the technological parameters of the laser near-net-shape forming based on the data fed back by each monitoring part in real time: the control device analyzes whether the near surface of the workpiece has defects, types and positions according to the ultrasonic signals transmitted by the laser ultrasonic monitoring part, and adjusts the laser scanning strategy and the processing parameters of the laser processing device based on the analysis result; the control device analyzes the image information transmitted by the molten pool form monitoring part and controls the single-channel scanning height, the laser power and the energy density of the laser processing device based on the information obtained by analysis; the control device adjusts the laser power, the scanning interval, the laser spot radius and the scanning speed of the laser processing device according to the information fed back by the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part; the control device adjusts the scanning track of the laser processing device according to the analysis data transmitted by the workpiece three-dimensional contour monitoring part; the control device acquires internal defects and geometric outline images of the workpiece according to information transmitted by the CT defect monitoring part so as to visually detect the type, position and size of the internal defects of the workpiece, compares the detected information with preset information, and regulates and controls process parameters of the laser processing device in real time after errors are found;
4) the dynamically adjusted laser near-net forming process parameters are used as a printing process of a next cladding layer, the lifting device (202) integrally lifts the annular motion track (201) to a layer of powder laying height, the 360-degree rotary processing table drives the workpiece to rotate so as to be scanned and monitored in all directions, and all monitoring parts placed on the annular motion track (201) are always focused on a part of the workpiece being processed through the action of the lifting device (202), so that the defect error of each processing step is controlled within a preset range;
5) and (4) repeating the steps 1) to 4) so as to realize the control of the defect error of the laser near-net forming workpiece and prepare the high-quality defect-free workpiece.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser ultrasonic monitoring part uses ultrasonic waves with a wavelength of 0.4mm to 0.5mm for detection, the molten pool shape monitoring part and the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part use infrared light with a wavelength of 780nm to 950nm for detection, the workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring part and the stress strain monitoring part use visible light with a wavelength of 446mm to 464mm for detection, the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring part uses laser with a wavelength of 530nm to 540nm for detection, and the CT defect monitoring part uses laser with a wavelength of 10 mm-3And detecting by using a nm-10 nm X ray.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser ultrasound monitoring section comprises an excitation laser (19) and a detection laser (10).
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the weld puddle morphology monitoring is a near-visible hyperspectral camera (18); the molten pool temperature distribution monitoring part is an ultra-high speed photoelectric thermodetector (11); the workpiece three-dimensional contour monitoring part is a high-speed industrial camera (17).
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bottom strain measuring mechanism comprises a strain signal analyzer (101) and a strain measuring sensor array (14) connected to each other, the strain signal analyzer (101) is installed at the bottom of a 360 ° rotary machining table (15), and the strain measuring sensor array (14) is embedded in a substrate for placing the workpiece to measure the strain of the bottom of the workpiece; the side surface strain measuring mechanism is an industrial camera (103), is arranged on the annular monitoring motion platform (200), and is provided with a light splitter (102) between the side surface strain measuring mechanism and the workpiece; the strain gauge sensor array (14) has a temperature compensation function.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy monitoring section (300) comprises a detector (302) and a spectrograph (303) connected to each other, wherein the detector (302) is configured to detect and acquire plasma light emitted from a surface of the workpiece and transmit the plasma light to the spectrograph (303) to enable detection of elemental composition and content of the workpiece preparation material.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the CT defect monitoring section comprises an X-ray source (21) and an X-ray detector (22), the X-ray source (21) and the X-ray detector (22) being located on both sides of the workpiece, wherein the X-ray source (21) is configured to emit X-rays, which are received by the X-ray detector (22) after penetrating the workpiece.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the narrow band pass filter design is performed for a bath morphology monitoring section, a bath temperature distribution monitoring section, a workpiece three-dimensional profile monitoring section, and a stress strain monitoring section.
9. A laser near-net-shape-forming apparatus for controlling defect errors for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the forming apparatus comprises said laser processing means, control means and real-time monitoring means.
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| WO2021248588A1 (en) | 2021-12-16 |
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