CN111655821A - 可再生燃料的生产 - Google Patents
可再生燃料的生产 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111655821A CN111655821A CN201880075068.2A CN201880075068A CN111655821A CN 111655821 A CN111655821 A CN 111655821A CN 201880075068 A CN201880075068 A CN 201880075068A CN 111655821 A CN111655821 A CN 111655821A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- renewable
- hydrocarbon fuel
- product
- feedstock
- fuel product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 74
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 26
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- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 17
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- -1 diesel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical class CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002194 fatty esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221089 Jatropha Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910003296 Ni-Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005235 decoking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQABCVAJNWAXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimercaprol Chemical group OCC(S)CS WQABCVAJNWAXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
- C10G29/20—Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
- C10G29/205—Organic compounds not containing metal atoms by reaction with hydrocarbons added to the hydrocarbon oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
- C10G69/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of catalytic cracking in the absence of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
- C10G2300/1007—Used oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1018—Biomass of animal origin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1081—Alkanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/308—Gravity, density, e.g. API
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/02—Gasoline
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
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Abstract
本公开内容涉及由可再生烷烃原料生产运输燃料的方法。本文公开的方法提供了一种用于使用来自各种来源的可再生烷烃原料的环境友好型工艺。可再生烷烃原料可用于生产各种烃燃料,包括可再生汽油。本公开内容还涉及由可再生烷烃进料生产的燃料产物和燃料共混原料。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年9月26日提交的美国临时申请第62/563577号的优先权;所述临时申请通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及由可再生烷烃原料生产烃。
背景技术
可由可再生国内资源生产的生物燃料为基于石油的燃料提供了替代品。为了鼓励美国生物燃料的生产和消费,监管机构已采取措施来强制和鼓励由可再生能源生产燃料。加州的低碳燃料标准计划(LCFS)要求基于石油的燃料生产商降低其产品的碳强度,即总减少量从2011年百分之一的四分之一开始,至2020年达到百分之10。石油进口商、炼油商和批发商可以自行开发低碳燃料产物,或者可以从开发和销售低碳替代燃料的其他公司购买LCFS信用额度。
同样,美国国会制定了可再生燃料标准(RFS)计划,以减少温室气体排放并扩大美国可再生燃料行业,同时减少对进口石油的依赖。这项计划是根据2005年能源政策法案批准的,并根据2007年能源独立和安全法案进一步扩展。作为一项国家政策,RFS计划要求用一定量的可再生燃料替换或减少基于石油的运输燃料、取暖用油或喷气燃料。根据RFS计划的四类可再生燃料包括基于生物质的柴油、纤维素生物燃料、高级生物燃料和总可再生燃料。
目前商业化的生物燃料生产方法包括甘油三酯、脂肪和脂肪酸的酯化,脂肪酯的酯交换,糖的发酵,糖的催化提质加工以及沼气转液及生物质转液法。这些方法主要着重于乙醇和生物柴油的生产,但是在生产大量不含氧的可再生燃料方面并不十分成功。然而,可再生烃的生产将有助于生产商符合日益改善的环境法规,并为那些对替代不可再生烃组分的环境友好型燃料替代品感兴趣的消费者提供有吸引力的替代品。因此,本行业中需要一种商业上可行的由可再生能源生产燃料的方法。
发明内容
本公开内容提供了一种利用可再生烷烃原料生产可再生烃产物的方法。该方法可包括提供可再生烷烃原料,并在裂化单元中将可再生烷烃原料转化为可再生烃产物。可由各种来源获得可再生烷烃原料。在一些方面,可以通过对可再生脂肪和可再生石油原料进行加氢处理来提供可再生烷烃原料。可再生烃产物可以包括许多不同的馏分,包括汽油、柴油和航空燃料。可再生烃产物的生产条件可以进行调整,以相对于其他馏分有利于一种馏分的生产。例如,可以调整生产条件以有利于生产以汽油馏分为主要成分或基本成分的可再生烃产物。
本公开内容的一些方面涉及用于生产可再生烃燃料产物的方法,其包括的步骤有,提供可再生烷烃原料以及在足以裂化至少一部分可再生烷烃原料的条件下使可再生烷烃原料在反应区中反应以生产可再生烃燃料产物。在一些方面,所述反应步骤包括流化催化裂化。
本公开内容的一些实施方案涉及一种可再生烃燃料产物,其具有石油与至少1体积%非石油来源的共混物的14C同位素比特征且包含少于约5%的焦炭。一些实施例方案涉及包含第一组分和第二组分的共混的可再生烃产物,所述第一组分包含可再生烃燃料产物,其具有石油与至少1体积%的非石油来源的共混物的14C同位素比特征且包含少于约5%的焦炭;所述第二组分包含一种或多于一种石油燃料产物和一种或多于一种可再生燃料中的至少一种。
附图说明
图1是描述生产可再生烃产物例如可再生汽油中涉及的步骤的流程图。
图2是描述可再生烃产物生产中涉及的步骤,以及可再生烃产物的潜在用途,包括销售和进一步加工的流程图。
具体实施方式
参考附图中示出并在下面的描述中详细说明的非限制性实施方案,更全面地解释各种特征和有利细节。然而,应当理解,在指出本发明实施方案的同时,详细描述和具体实例仅以说明的方式给出,而不是以限制的方式给出。从本公开内容中,本领域普通技术人员将清楚地了解各种替换、修改、增加和/或重新排列方案。
在下面的描述中,提供了许多具体细节以提供对所公开的实施方案的透彻理解。然而,相关领域的普通技术人员将认识到,本发明可以在没有一个或多于一个具体细节的情况下或者使用其他方法、组件、材料等来实施。在其他情况下,并未详细示出或描述公知的结构、材料或操作,以避免混淆本发明的方面。
本公开内容提供了一种由可再生烷烃原料生产可再生烃燃料产物的方法。可从各种来源提供可再生烷烃原料。在一些方面,通过加氢处理可再生脂肪和可再生石油原料来提供烷烃原料。在一些方面,通过对可再生脂肪和可再生石油原料进行加氢处理,并将加氢后的可再生脂肪和可再生石油原料与其他烃流共混来提供可再生烷烃原料,所述其他烃流包括原油、瓦斯油、燃料油、柴油和其他石油馏出物。然后在裂化单元(例如,流化催化裂化单元)中处理可再生烷烃原料,以生产可再生烃燃料产物。可再生燃料产物可包括多种馏分,包括但不限于燃气、乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、LPG、石脑油、汽油、柴油、循环油、轻质循环油和催化裂化单元底料(泥浆/倾析油)。可对可再生烃燃料产物进行进一步精制,例如,分离成组分馏分和/或与其他烃,例如与基于石油的烃或一种或多于一种可再生燃料,例如乙醇共混,以生产可再生烃共混燃料产物。该生产方法灵活;为了有利于选择性地生产一种或多于一种馏分,可以改变裂化条件。
通常,在提供可再生烷烃原料的步骤中,加氢处理过程中使用的可再生脂肪和可再生油主要是非石油脂肪和油。可再生脂肪和可再生油可源来自植物来源和动物来源。脂肪和油可包括用过的食用油、回收的食用油、废食用油、用过的植物油、回收的植物油、废植物油、成品油、动物脂肪、牛油、猪肉脂肪、鸡肉脂肪、鱼油、黄油脂、家禽脂肪、海藻油、海藻来源的油、豆油、棕榈油、棕榈脂肪酸、植物来源的油如玉米油、菜籽油、麻疯树油、橄榄油、脂肪酸和种子油等。在一个实施方案中,原料包括至少10%用过的食用油。在实施方案中,所用原料包含至少10%用过的玉米油。在其他实施方案中,原料包括至少10%用过的食用油和至少10%用过的玉米油。可再生的脂肪和油可以单独使用,或者可以组合使用。低质量等级的脂肪和油通常被用于,或者在一些情况下被回收用于动物原料、个人护理和家用产品,如肥皂和洗涤剂。本公开内容提供了一种将新鲜的和/或回收的可再生脂肪和油用作生产可再生燃料如汽油、柴油和航空燃料和化学中间体如乙烯、丙烯和丁烯的原料的方法。
在一些方面,提供了一种从可再生烷烃原料生产可再生烃燃料产物的方法。可再生烃燃料产物包括可进一步精制的可再生烃和可进一步加工以生产可销售产物的可再生烃共混物。该方法包括提供可再生烷烃原料,并在足以裂化至少一部分可再生烷烃原料的条件下在反应区中使至少一部分可再生烷烃原料反应,以产生包含可再生或部分可再生烃燃料产物的产物流。
可由各种来源提供可再生烷烃原料。在一些方面,可通过对可再生原料(例如,可再生脂肪和/或可再生油)加氢处理(和任选地异构化、脱蜡和/或加氢裂化)来提供可再生烷烃原料。提供可再生烷烃原料的步骤还可包括将加氢处理的可再生原料与另外的进料共混。在一些方面,对可再生原料进行加氢处理涉及在高温氢气存在下使可再生原料与催化剂接触以产生加氢处理的可再生原料,其可进一步加氢处理或异构化。加氢处理被理解为泛指用氢处理原料的过程,并且加氢处理过程中发生的反应包括加氢脱氧、加氢脱硫、加氢反硝化和使烯烃饱和。可再生原料可包括甘油三酯和脂肪酸(通常链长为C12-C24)、酸酐、酯及其组合。酯可以包括单醇酯和多元醇酯,例如甘油三酯。加氢处理过程可以是加氢脱氧过程和加氢过程,其中酯被裂化、包括酸和醇的含氧化合物被还原成相应的烷烃、并且双键变成饱和的。甘油可在酯裂化过程中被释放,并被加氢脱氧形成丙烷。除丙烷外,加氢处理的可再生原料还可包括丁烷。更具体而言,在加氢处理过程中产生了一些丁烷如正丁烷。在一些方面,可由加氢的可再生原料中分离出丁烷,并将其送入异构化单元,在其中被转化为异丁烷。在一些实施方案中,双键在加氢处理期间减少。在一些方面,加氢处理过程降低了污染物的水平,包括但不限于Na、Ca、Mg、K、P、S、N、Cl、Si、Mg、K、Al和含氧化合物。在加氢处理步骤之前或期间,可将可再生原料与石油原料共混。加氢处理过程可在约100psig至约3400psig的压力下进行,优选在约400psig至约1800psig的压力下进行。在一些方面,加氢处理过程在约250℃到约430℃的温度下进行。用于加氢处理过程的催化剂包括但不限于Ni-Mo和Co-Mo催化剂。在一些方面,加氢处理过程中液时空速(LHSV)可约为0(小时-1)至约2.0(小时-1)。优选的加氢处理反应系统包括至少一个反应器,每个反应器具有至少一个或多于一个催化剂床。在一些实施方案中,加氢处理过程在具有至少三个床的加氢处理反应器中执行。
虽然前文描述了对可再生原料进行加氢处理的各种方法,但是可以使用其他方法来生产可再生烷烃原料。
在一些方面,在加氢处理步骤之前对可再生原料进行预处理。预处理可包括脱胶步骤、水洗步骤、脱金属步骤、漂白步骤、离子交换步骤、完全(或部分)氢化步骤、酸气脱除步骤和水去除步骤中的一个或多于一个。脱胶包括去除胶质和磷化合物,例如磷脂。脱金属涉及金属的去除,其中一些金属可能对于加氢处理催化剂是有害的。在一些方面,脱金属方法产生金属污染水平低于18ppm的原料。酸气脱除包括脱除例如CO2和H2S的气体。每个预处理和加氢处理步骤可能涉及使用一种或多于一种催化剂。在预处理步骤之前或期间,可将可再生原料与石油进料共混。
在一些方面,提供可再生烷烃原料的步骤包括将加氢处理的可再生原料与基于石油的中间体例如常规待裂化的基于石油的中间体共混,所述中间体包括瓦斯油、馏出物、常压塔底料、循环油和/或原油,其量为加氢处理的可再生原料体积的大于0%至小于99%。这些量也可以为大于0%至小于80%、大于0%至小于70%、大于0%至小于60%、大于0%至小于50%、大于0%至小于40%、大于0%至小于30%、大于0%至小于20%以及大于0%至小于10%,所述每种情况按加氢处理的可再生原料的体积计。在一些方面,可再生烷烃原料在裂化单元中反应,在可再生烷烃原料进入裂化单元之前基本上没有进行脱硫预处理步骤。
在一些实施方案中,可再生烷烃原料的沸点为180℃到400℃;如果与基于石油的原料共加工,沸点范围可升高至高于这些水平。在一些方面,衍生自甘油三酯和脂肪酸且无任何共加工的可再生烷烃原料包含大于90%的烷烃化合物,且基本上不含芳香化合物;如果可再生烷烃原料至少包括一些基于石油的化合物原料或其他已知的芳香族或环烷混合物,则其可含有芳香或环烷化合物。在预处理和/或加氢处理步骤之前、期间或之后,可以共混或添加石油和其他可再生原料。由本文公开的方法生产的可再生烷烃原料比常规的基于石油的中间体对应体具有更低的浊点和/或冰点。在一些方面,可再生烷烃原料的冰点可为-50℃至50℃。在一些方面,可再生烷烃原料的密度可为0.7克每立方厘米至0.92克每立方厘米。可再生烷烃原料可包含50ppm或少于50ppm、优选10ppm或于少10ppm的Na、Ca、Mg、K、P、Mg、K或其他污染物,但不提供共加工。在一些实施方案中,可再生烷烃原料具有小于11%的氧含量。在特定情况下,可再生烷烃原料具有小于1%的氧含量。在一些方面,可再生烷烃原料基本上不含脂肪酸和/或脂肪酯。由于甘油的氢化,可再生烷烃原料可含有丙烷。在一些实施方案中,将由甘油三酯加氢处理(即甘油加氢变成丙烷)产生的任何丙烷的至少一部分从加氢可再生原料中分离出来,并进料至裂化单元而裂化成较轻的产物。在一些方面,可再生烷烃原料具有用于烷烃原料的非石油来源的14C同位素比特征,或者,根据每种组分的体积百分比,具有石油和非石油来源的共混物的14C同位素比特征。在一些方面,可再生烷烃原料包含至少80%的C8-C20烃,优选至少90%的C8-C20烃和更优选至少95%的C8-C20烃。在一些实施方案中,可再生烷烃原料基本上不含芳香烃和硫。在一些方面,可再生烷烃原料的倾点为-18℃至50℃。在一些实施方案中,可再生烷烃原料具有大于20℃的闪点。在其他实施方案中,可再生烷烃原料具有小于55的加州空气资源委员会认证的LCFS碳强度值,其定义见https://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/fuelpathways/pathwaytable.htm。
任选地,在提供可再生烷烃原料的步骤中,可以进一步加工加氢处理的可再生原料流以降低所提供的可再生烷烃原料的倾点。这可包括公知的精炼步骤,如脱蜡、异构化和/或加氢裂化。或者,经加氢处理的可再生原料可与其他基于石油或可再生资源的材料共混,以便在输送至FCC单元之前降低所提供的可再生烷烃原料的倾点。将倾点降低到-18℃至50℃将有助于减少在FCC单元中裂化之前可能发生的胶凝化或凝固。
在一些方面,足以裂化至少一部分可再生烷烃原料的条件包括使可再生烷烃原料在裂化单元,例如,流化催化裂化单元或加氢裂化单元中反应。在一些方面,足以使至少一部分可再生烷烃原料裂化的条件包括在高温和高压下在流化催化裂化反应器中使可再生烷烃原料与的流化催化裂化催化剂接触。在一些方面,温度可为400℃至800℃。在其他实施方案中,温度可为约475℃至约600℃,优选为约490℃至约600℃,更优选为约500℃至约550℃。在一些实施方案中,压力可为大于0psig至80psig。在其他实施方案中,压力可为约5psig至约80psig,优选为约10psig至约55psig。催化剂可以是铝硅酸盐催化剂,例如沸石催化剂,或流化裂化反应器中常用的其他催化剂。在一些实施方案中,催化剂与油的进料比可以为按重量计约2:1至约20:1,优选为约4:1到约10:1。在一些方面,反应器汽提蒸汽/催化剂比可为约0.5磅蒸汽至约6磅蒸汽/1000磅催化剂,优选约2磅蒸汽/1000磅催化剂。在一些实施方案中,组合物具有按重量计2:1至10:1的催化剂与原料之比,并且进料至反应器的可再生烷烃原料具有小于11%的氧含量并且基本上不含脂肪酸和/或脂肪酯。在一些实施方案中,组合物的量大于100千克。
在一个特定实施方案中,使用由细分的或颗粒状的固体材料构成的催化剂在流化床反应器中对可再生烷烃原料进行裂化。在一个特定方面,在流化催化裂化单元(FCC)中对可再生烷烃原料进行裂化。在流化催化裂化单元中,通过使液体、气体和/或蒸汽通过催化剂颗粒来将催化剂悬浮在反应区中。可再生烷烃原料与对裂化反应进行催化的流化催化剂颗粒接触。可以调整裂化条件(温度、压力、催化剂与油的比),使得裂化过程(收率、转化率、选择性等)满足生产要求。在裂化过程中,焦炭(固体含碳物质)沉积在催化剂颗粒上。催化剂颗粒因焦炭沉积而部分失活,并可转移至汽提区,以去除催化剂上吸附的烃和气体。通过使用空气或富氧空气将经汽提的催化剂颗粒转移到再生区进行氧化除焦。然后,可以将再生后的催化剂颗粒重新引入反应区进行连续裂化催化。裂化过程可能涉及循环重复裂化和催化剂再生步骤,以连续生产可再生烃燃料产物。在一个特定实施方案中,该过程连续运行至少1个月,优选地至少6个月。在各种实施方案中,反应或裂化步骤以每天至少100升的量产生可再生烃燃料产物。
现在参考图1,其描绘了生产可再生烃燃料产物所涉及的步骤的一个实施方案的流程图。在本实施方案中,将可再生烷烃原料运输至流化催化裂化单元,并在适当的裂化条件下与裂化催化剂反应,以产生性能类似于石油衍生组分的可再生烃燃料产物。
参考图2,其描绘生产可再生烃燃料产物所涉及的步骤的一个实施方案的流程图,所述可再生烃燃料产物可进一步精炼或进一步共混以生产可再生共混产物或部分可再生共混产物,例如可再生汽油。在本实施方案中,将可再生烷烃原料输送至流化催化裂化单元,并在适当的裂化条件下与裂化催化剂反应,以产生性能类似于石油衍生组分的可再生烃燃料产物。如图所示,这种可再生烃燃料产物可原样出售或进一步处理,例如共混、加氢处理或烷基化。
本公开内容的一些方面涉及通过对本文所述的可再生烷烃原料进行裂化,优选进行流化催化裂化(FCC)获得的工业上相关量的烃燃料产物,其中可再生烷烃原料基本上可以在本身的裂化单元中进行加工,或作为与额外的原料流的共混物进行共加工。在这些情况下,来自裂化单元的产物是通过本文所述的方法以工业相关量生产的可再生烃燃料产物。工业相关量是指进入消费市场的量,而不是实验室规模的量。在一个实例中,以每天大于100升可再生烃燃料产物连续生产工业相关量持续至少一个月的时间。
在一些方面,可再生烃燃料产物具有石油和非石油来源的共混物的14C同位素比特征,非石油来源中含有至少1体积%非石油来源,即衍生自可再生烷烃原料。在本发明的一些方面中,可再生烃燃料产物包含小于约5%的焦炭。在一些实施方案中,可再生烃燃料产物具有180℃至400℃的沸点。在一些方面,可再生烃燃料产物具有约0.55至约0.92,优选约0.72至约0.92的比重。在一些实施方案中,可再生烃燃料产物具有约-20℃至约50℃的浊点。在一些方面,可再生烃燃料产物的异构烷烃与正构烷烃之比为约0.0至约9.0。可再生烃燃料产物的异构烷烃与正构烷烃之比为0.0相当于基本上不含异构烷烃。可再生烃燃料产物可含有少于20ppm的Na、Ca、Mg、K、P、Mg、K或其他污染物。在一些方面,可再生烃燃料产物含有少于10ppm的Na、Ca、Mg、K、P、Mg、K、或其他污染物。在一些方面,可再生烃燃料产物可具有小于可再生烃燃料产物总重量的约0.2重量%的硫含量。在一些方面,可再生烃燃料产物的冰点可为-50℃至50℃。在特定的方面,可再生烃燃料产物的冰点可为-20℃至40℃。
可再生烃燃料产物的浊点和/或冰点可低于常规的基于石油的共混原料对应体。在一些方面,可再生烃燃料产物可作为共混原料使用,并与一种或多于一种石油燃料产物和/或可再生燃料组合。在与其他产物共混时,材料的共混将改变可再生烃燃料产物或共混原料的性能。可再生燃料的实例包括但不限于乙醇、丙醇和丁醇。基于石油的流包括但不限于汽油、柴油、航空燃料或通过石油精炼获得的其他烃流。与可再生烃燃料产物共混的基于石油的流的量可为大于可再生烃燃料产物体积的0%至小于99%。这些量也可以为大于0%至小于80%、大于0%至小于70%、大于0%至小于60%、大于0%至小于50%、大于0%至小于40%、大于0%至小于30%、大于0%至小于20%、大于0%至小于10%,所述每种情况均以可再生烃燃料产物的体积计。在特定的方面,将可再生烃燃料产物共混以产生选自汽油、航空燃料、轻质循环油和柴油的产物。可再生烃燃料产物或用于生产汽油或航空燃料的共混产物可具有40至110,优选50至98的辛烷值。在特定方面,辛烷值可为80至95。辛烷值定义为研究法辛烷值(RON)与马达法辛烷值(MON)的平均数。本公开内容的一些方面涉及包含至少1体积%以工业相关量生产的可再生烃燃料产物的汽油。本公开内容的一些方面涉及航空燃料,所述航空燃料包含至少1体积%以工业相关量生产的可再生烃燃料产物。本公开内容的一些方面涉及轻质循环油,其包含至少1体积%以工业相关量生产的可再生烃燃料产物。
可再生烃燃料产物可以出售或进一步加工。进一步加工的实例包括共混、加氢处理或烷基化至少一部分可再生烃燃料产物。可将可再生烃燃料产物分离成两个或多于两个组分流。组分流包括但不限于燃气流、乙烯流、丙烯流、丁烯流、LPG流、石脑油流、烯烃流、柴油流、汽油流、轻质循环油流、航空燃料流、催化裂化单元底料(油浆/倾析油)流和其他烃流。在一些方面,可以对组分流进行进一步加工。在特定实施方案中,可将烯烃组分流输送至烷基化单元和/或二聚(dimersol)单元以进行进一步加工。另外,还可以进一步分离和回收组成流中的烯烃,以用于可再生塑料和石化产物。
在各个实施方案中,本文所述的可再生烷烃中间体或本文所述的可再生烃燃料产物或两者都可用于基于石油的等效物的现有基础设施中,而无需修改现有的物理单元,包括管道、保持单元和反应器。
“甘油酯”是甘油和至少羧酸的酯。甘油酯包括甘油单脂、甘油二脂和甘油三酯。不使用数量词定义为一个或多于一个,除非本公开另有明确要求。术语“实质上”被定义为大部分但不一定全部是所指的内容(并且包括全部所指内容),如本领域普通技术人员所理解的。在任何公开的实施方案中,术语“基本上”可替换为在所指内容“的[百分比]范围内”,其中所述百分比包括.1、1、5和10个百分点。术语“包括”(以及任何近似术语)、“具有”(以及任何近似术语)、“包含”(以及任何近似术语)和“含有”(以及任何近似术语)是开放式的连接动词。因此,“包括”、“具有”、“包含”或“含有”一个或多于一个要素的催化剂组合物具有该一个或多于一个要素,但不限于仅具有这些一个或多于一个要素。同样,“包括”、“具有”、“包含”或“含有”一个或多于一个特征的系统或组合物的要素具有这些一个或多于一个特征,但不限于仅具有这些一个或多于一个特征。
一个实施方案的一个或多个特征可以应用于其他实施方案,即使没有描述或说明,除非本发明或实施方案的性质明确禁止。所公开的任何组合物、系统或方法的任何实施方案均可以由或基本上由所描述的任何要素和/或特征和/或步骤组成,而不是包括/包含/含有/具有所描述的任何元素和/或特征和/或步骤。因此,在任何权利要求中,可以用术语“由……组成”或“基本由……组成”代替上文所述的任何开放式连接动词,以改变原本用开放式连接动词限定的给定权利要求的范围。与上述实施方案相关联的细节和其他实施方案如下所示。
实施例
实施例1-通过加氢处理生产的可再生烷烃原料:
在加氢处理过程中,100桶(bbl)的可再生甘油三酯与1800标立方尺/桶(scf/bbl)的氢反应生成106桶的烃共混物。在一个示例性加氢处理过程中,100桶的可再生甘油三酯将产生比重为约0.78的106桶的烃以及少量轻质气体。加氢处理过程的每单位体积的起始甘油三酯产生更多的烃,并且不需要额外的甲醇来源。含氧化合物大部分转化为相应的烃、水、CO和CO2。
实施例2-可再生FCC产物的表征和比较:
与可再生烷烃原料相比,在FCC中裂化基于石油的进料产生更多的焦炭。在基于石油的进料裂化过程中产生的焦炭(重量%)大于6重量%。相比之下,裂化可再生烷烃原料产生约2.2重量%的焦炭。由于焦炭的产生减少,可再生的中间产物可以以更高的比率进入裂化单元,裂化单元可以在更苛刻的反应条件下运行,催化剂与油的比可以提高,从而使产物转化率提高。
表1基于石油的FCC收率vs可再生中间体的FCC收率
本文所公开的可再生烃生产方法的实施提供了一种经济可行的、环境友好的方法,以补充当前基于石油的燃料生产方法。本文公开的方法示范了理想的工艺条件,并且允许获得使用和销售的有价值的环境法规信用额度。
权利要求不应被解释为包括装置加功能限定或步骤加功能限定,除非在给定的权利要求中明确记载分别使用短语“用于……的装置”或“用于……的步骤”这样的限定。
Claims (22)
1.一种用于生产可再生烃燃料产物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
提供可再生烷烃原料;
在足以裂化至少一部分所述可再生烷烃原料的条件下使所述可再生烷烃原料在反应区中反应以生产可再生烃燃料产物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中反应步骤包括流化催化裂化。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中足以使至少一部分所述可再生烷烃原料裂化的条件包括400℃至800℃的反应温度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中足以使至少一部分所述可再生烷烃原料裂化的条件包括大于0psig至80psig的反应器压力。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括将所述可再生烷烃原料与基于石油的进料共混以生产可再生烷烃原料共混物的步骤。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中与所述可再生烷烃原料共混的所述基于石油的进料的体积为所述可再生烷烃原料的体积的大于0%且小于99%、大于0%且小于80%、大于0%且小于70%、大于0%且小于60%、大于0%且小于50%、大于0%且小于40%、大于0%且小于30%、大于0%且小于20%、或大于0%且小于10%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括将所述可再生烃燃料产物与石油燃料产物和/或一种或多于一种可再生燃料共混的步骤。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括将所述可再生烃燃料产物分离成两个或多于两个组分流的步骤。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述两个或多于两个组分流包括燃料气流、乙烯流、丙烯流、丁烯流、LPG流、石脑油流、烯烃流、柴油流、汽油流、轻质循环油流、喷气燃料流和催化装置底料(浆料/倾析油)流中的至少两者。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中至少一个组分流为烯烃流,并且所述方法还包括将所述烯烃流进料至烷基化单元和/或二聚单元的步骤。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在不对所述可再生烷烃原料进行脱硫预处理步骤的情况下进行反应步骤。
12.一种可再生烃燃料产物,其是通过根据权利要求1所述的方法以工业相关量生产的。
13.一种可再生烃燃料产物,其具有石油与至少1体积%的非石油来源的共混物的14C同位素比特征且包含少于约5%的焦炭。
14.一种汽油,其包含至少1体积%的根据权利要求13所述的可再生烃燃料产物。
15.一种航空燃料,其包含至少1体积%的根据权利要求13所述的可再生烃燃料产物。
16.一种轻质循环油或柴油,其包含至少1体积%的根据权利要求13所述的可再生烃燃料产物。
17.根据权利要求13所述的产物,其中所述可再生烃燃料产物具有约40至约110的辛烷值。
18.根据权利要求13所述的产物,其中所述可再生烃燃料产物具有约0.55至约0.92的比重。
19.根据权利要求13所述的产物,其中所述可再生烃燃料产物具有小于所述可再生烃燃料产物总重量的约0.2重量%的硫含量。
20.根据权利要求13所述的产物,其中所述可再生烃燃料产物具有约-20℃至约50℃的浊点。
21.根据权利要求13所述的产物,其中所述可再生烃燃料产物具有约0.0至约9.0的异构烷烃与正构烷烃之比。
22.一种共混的可再生烃产物,其包含第一组分和第二组分,所述第一组分包含可再生烃燃料产物,其具有石油与至少1体积%的非石油来源的共混物的14C同位素比特征且包含少于约5%的焦炭;所述第二组分包含一种或多于一种石油燃料产物和一种或多于一种可再生燃料中的至少一种。
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KR20230098188A (ko) * | 2020-11-06 | 2023-07-03 | 네스테 오와이제이 | 프로필렌, c4 올레핀 또는 둘 모두를 포함하는 분해 생성물 분획의 제조 방법 |
FI129351B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-12-31 | Neste Oyj | Process for the production of bio - based hydrocarbons |
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WO2019067610A1 (en) | 2019-04-04 |
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EP3688120A4 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
US20190093035A1 (en) | 2019-03-28 |
EA202090825A1 (ru) | 2020-06-23 |
MX2020003189A (es) | 2020-10-12 |
CN111655822A (zh) | 2020-09-11 |
EP3688121A4 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
CA3076678A1 (en) | 2019-04-04 |
US20190093027A1 (en) | 2019-03-28 |
EA202090826A1 (ru) | 2020-06-23 |
EP3688121A1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
BR112020005798A2 (pt) | 2020-09-24 |
SG11202002656RA (en) | 2020-04-29 |
EP3688120A1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
BR112020005749A2 (pt) | 2020-10-13 |
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