JP6085298B2 - 再生可能な供給原料の改善された水素化処理 - Google Patents
再生可能な供給原料の改善された水素化処理 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6085298B2 JP6085298B2 JP2014522920A JP2014522920A JP6085298B2 JP 6085298 B2 JP6085298 B2 JP 6085298B2 JP 2014522920 A JP2014522920 A JP 2014522920A JP 2014522920 A JP2014522920 A JP 2014522920A JP 6085298 B2 JP6085298 B2 JP 6085298B2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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Description
本発明は、例えば、以下を提供する。
(項目1)
再生可能な供給原料から燃料として使用するのに適した炭化水素流を生成する方法であって、
酸素化供給流を反応前加熱ユニットに供給することを含み、
前記反応前加熱ユニットにおけるファウリングを低減させるために、前記酸素化供給流が前記反応前加熱ユニットに入る前に、有機ポリスルフィドが前記酸素化供給流に加えられる、
方法。
(項目2)
再生可能な供給原料から燃料として使用するのに適した炭化水素流を生成する方法であって、
a)酸素化供給流を反応前加熱ユニットに供給することと;
b)前記供給流を水素処理反応ゾーンに供給することと;
c)水素処理条件下で前記水素処理反応ゾーン内の前記供給流と、水素を含むガスとを接触させることと;
d)水素処理された生成物流を取り出すことと;
e)前記水素処理された生成物流から燃料として使用するのに適した炭化水素流を分離することと
を含み、
前記反応前加熱ユニットにおけるファウリングを低減させるために、前記酸素化供給流が前記反応前加熱ユニットに入る前に、有機ポリスルフィドが前記酸素化供給流に加えられる、
方法。
(項目3)
前記酸素化供給流が、植物油、動物性油脂、藻類、廃油、またはこれらの組合せに由来する、項目1から2のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目4)
前記酸素化供給流が、塩基触媒の存在下でC 8 〜C 36 カルボン酸エステルとアルコールとのエステル交換によって得られる、項目1から3のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記酸素化供給流が、脂肪酸メチルエステルを含む、項目1から4のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目6)
ステップe)の後に回収される前記炭化水素流が、ディーゼル燃料である、項目2から5のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記反応ゾーンにおける石油由来の供給流に前記酸素化供給流を供給することをさらに含む、項目2から6のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記酸素化供給流が、キャノーラ油、トウモロコシ油、大豆油、ナタネ油、ダイズ油、セイヨウアブラナ油、トール油、ヒマワリ油、麻実油、オリーブ油、亜麻仁油、ヤシ油、ヒマシ油、落花生油、パーム油、カラシ油、綿実油、非食用獣脂、イエローグリースおよびブラウングリース、ラード、鯨油、乳中の脂肪、魚油、藻類油、下水汚泥、ラタンジョイ油、野生ヒマシ油、ジャングリ油 エランジ油、モフワ油、カランジホング油、ニーム油、ならびにこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの成分を含む、項目1から7のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記酸素化供給流が、使用済みモーター油、使用済み産業用潤滑剤、使用後のパラフィンワックス、石炭のガス化とそれに続く下流の液化ステップに由来する液体、バイオマスのガス化とそれに続く下流の液化ステップに由来する液体、天然ガスのガス化とそれに続く下流の液化ステップに由来する液体、プラスチック廃棄物の脱重合に由来する液体、合成油、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の共供給成分をさらに含む、項目1から8のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記有機ポリスルフィドが、式R−S x −Rの化合物を含み、Rが、炭素原子3〜15個の分枝状アルキルであり、xが、1〜8の整数である、項目1から9のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記有機ポリスルフィドが、式R−S x −Rの化合物を含み、Rが、炭素原子3〜15個の分枝状アルキルであり、xが、3〜8の整数である、項目1から10のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目12)
前記有機ポリスルフィドが、それぞれが式R−S x −Rを有する化合物の混合物を含み、Rが、炭素原子3〜15個の分枝状アルキルであり、xが、1〜8の整数である、項目1から11のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目13)
Rが、炭素原子3〜10個を含有する分枝状アルキル基である、項目10から12のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目14)
前記有機ポリスルフィドのR基の少なくとも50%が、tert−ブチル基である、項目10から13のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目15)
前記有機ポリスルフィドが、前記酸素化供給流の重量に基づいて少なくとも100ppmまたは1000ppmの量で加えられる、項目1から14のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目16)
燃料として使用するのに適した炭化水素流へと酸素化供給流を変換する水素化処理ユニットの反応前加熱ユニットにおけるファウリングを低減させるための、前記酸素化供給流中での有機ポリスルフィドの使用。
本発明は一般に、酸素化された炭化水素化合物の水素化変換のための方法に関する。本発明による使用に適した水素化変換方法、または特定の水素化処理ユニットは、ユニットが、供給流が反応チャンバーに入る前に供給流を加熱する反応前加熱ユニット、例えば、熱交換器またはファーネス(水素処理反応ゾーンとまた称してもよい)を用いる限り過度に限定されない。
上で述べたように、本発明は、再生可能な供給原料からディーゼル燃料として有用な炭化水素流を生成する方法に関し、この方法は、供給原料流が反応ゾーンに入る前に、再生可能な供給原料流を加熱する反応前加熱ユニットを使用する。
本発明は、再生可能な供給原料、例えば、植物または動物が起源であるものから、ディーゼル燃料として有用な炭化水素流を生成するプロセスに関する。この再生可能な供給原料は、酸素化流と、または単純に、再生可能もしくはバイオ再生可能な供給流と称し得る。
対象のポリスルフィドは、式R−Sx−Rを有するものを含み、Rは、炭素原子2〜15個または3〜15個の直鎖状または分枝状アルキルであり、xは、1〜8または2〜8またはさらには3〜8の整数のいずれかである。いくつかの実施形態において、ポリスルフィドの混合物を使用する。
本発明はまた、燃料として使用するのに適した炭化水素流へと前記酸素化供給流を変換する、水素化処理ユニットの反応前加熱ユニットにおける、ファウリングを低減させるための酸素化供給流中の有機ポリスルフィドの使用に関する。有機ポリスルフィドは、上記の材料のいずれかでよく、提供した量のいずれかで使用し得る。いくつかの実施形態において、有機ポリスルフィドの使用は、予備加熱ユニットにおけるファウリングおよび/または堆積物の形成の低減のみのためであり、反応チャンバーにおけるファウリングおよび/または堆積物の形成を低減するために、反応チャンバーにおいて使用される触媒上のファウリングおよび/または堆積物の形成を低減するために、あるいは反応チャンバーにおいて使用される触媒中の任意の硫黄を保護および/または回復するために加えるわけではない。
実施例セット1は、鶏脂の再生可能な供給原料を使用する。各実施例において使用した材料は、同じ鶏脂材料であるが、実施例2は、1種の添加物(添加物A)で処理し、実施例3および4は、異なる添加物(添加物B)で処理し、一方、実施例1は、無添加のベースラインである。実施例2は、395ppmのジアルキルジスルフィド(添加物A)を含有し、実施例3は、ジ−tert−ブチルポリスルフィドを含む500ppmのポリスルフィドの混合物(添加物B)を含有し、実施例4は、185ppmの添加物Bを含有する。
実施例セット2は、粗ダイズ油供給原料を使用する。各実施例において使用する材料は、同じ粗ダイズ油材料であるが、実施例5は、ジ−tert−ブチルポリスルフィドを含む500ppmのポリスルフィドの混合物(添加物B)で処理する。
Claims (14)
- 再生可能な供給原料から燃料として使用するのに適した炭化水素流を生成する方法であって、
酸素化供給流を反応前加熱ユニットに供給することを含み、
前記反応前加熱ユニットにおけるファウリングを低減させるために、前記酸素化供給流が前記反応前加熱ユニットに入る前に、有機ポリスルフィドが前記酸素化供給流に加えられ、
前記有機ポリスルフィドは、式R−S x −Rの化合物を含み、Rが、炭素原子3〜15個の分枝状アルキルであり、そしてxは、3〜8の整数である、
方法。 - 再生可能な供給原料から燃料として使用するのに適した炭化水素流を生成する方法であって、
a)酸素化供給流を反応前加熱ユニットに供給することと;
b)前記供給流を水素処理反応ゾーンに供給することと;
c)水素処理条件下で前記水素処理反応ゾーン内の前記供給流と、水素を含むガスとを接触させることと;
d)水素処理された生成物流を取り出すことと;
e)前記水素処理された生成物流から燃料として使用するのに適した炭化水素流を分離することと
を含み、
前記反応前加熱ユニットにおけるファウリングを低減させるために、前記酸素化供給流が前記反応前加熱ユニットに入る前に、有機ポリスルフィドが前記酸素化供給流に加えられ、
前記有機ポリスルフィドは、式R−S x −Rの化合物を含み、Rが、炭素原子3〜15個の分枝状アルキルであり、そしてxは、3〜8の整数である、
方法。 - 前記酸素化供給流が、植物油、動物性油脂、藻類、廃油、またはこれらの組合せに由来する、請求項1から2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記酸素化供給流が、塩基触媒の存在下でC8〜C36カルボン酸エステルとアルコールとのエステル交換によって得られる、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記酸素化供給流が、脂肪酸メチルエステルを含む、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- ステップe)の後に回収される前記炭化水素流が、ディーゼル燃料である、請求項2から5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記反応ゾーンにおける石油由来の供給流に前記酸素化供給流を供給することをさらに含む、請求項2から6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記酸素化供給流が、キャノーラ油、トウモロコシ油、大豆油、ナタネ油、ダイズ油、セイヨウアブラナ油、トール油、ヒマワリ油、麻実油、オリーブ油、亜麻仁油、ヤシ油、ヒマシ油、落花生油、パーム油、カラシ油、綿実油、非食用獣脂、イエローグリースおよびブラウングリース、ラード、鯨油、乳中の脂肪、魚油、藻類油、下水汚泥、ラタンジョイ油、野生ヒマシ油、ジャングリ油 エランジ油、モフワ油、カランジホング油、ニーム油、ならびにこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの成分を含む、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記酸素化供給流が、使用済みモーター油、使用済み産業用潤滑剤、使用後のパラフィンワックス、石炭のガス化とそれに続く下流の液化ステップに由来する液体、バイオマスのガス化とそれに続く下流の液化ステップに由来する液体、天然ガスのガス化とそれに続く下流の液化ステップに由来する液体、プラスチック廃棄物の脱重合に由来する液体、合成油、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の共供給成分をさらに含む、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記有機ポリスルフィドが、それぞれが式R−Sx−Rを有する化合物の混合物を含み、Rが、炭素原子3〜15個の分枝状アルキルであり、xが、3〜8の整数である、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- Rが、炭素原子3〜10個を含有する分枝状アルキル基である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記有機ポリスルフィドのR基の少なくとも50%が、tert−ブチル基である、請求項10または11に記載の方法。
- 前記有機ポリスルフィドが、前記酸素化供給流の重量に基づいて少なくとも100ppmまたは1000ppmの量で加えられる、請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 再生可能な供給原料からの燃料として使用するのに適した炭化水素流へと酸素化供給流を変換する水素化処理ユニットの反応前加熱ユニットにおけるファウリングを低減させるための、前記酸素化供給流中での有機ポリスルフィドの使用であって、
前記有機ポリスルフィドは、式R−S x −Rの化合物を含み、Rが、炭素原子3〜15個の分枝状アルキルであり、そしてxは、3〜8の整数である、
使用。
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