CN111643532A - 一种植物果浆在制备治疗由放化疗引起的卵巢损伤的药物和保健食品中的应用 - Google Patents
一种植物果浆在制备治疗由放化疗引起的卵巢损伤的药物和保健食品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种植物果浆在制备治疗由放化疗引起的卵巢损伤的药物和保健食品中的应用,所述植物果浆为沙棘果浆。本申请发现沙棘果浆对放化疗引起卵巢损伤有很好的治疗作用。沙棘果浆不仅可以治疗放化疗引起的小鼠卵巢损伤、动情周期的紊乱,还可以有效改善卵巢生殖内分泌激素水平以及卵巢储备功能等。本申请对于直接利用沙棘果浆治疗放化疗引起卵巢损伤提供了依据。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及植物果浆用途技术领域,特别涉及一种植物果浆在制备治疗由放化疗引起的卵巢损伤的药物和保健食品中的应用。
背景技术
随着诊疗技术的不断进步,女性恶性肿瘤患者的存活率显著提高,生存期明显延长,部分患者甚至可以达到完全治愈。但是在肿瘤治疗过程中大剂量的化学治疗和(或)放射治疗常常会对女性的生殖能力造成危害。放化疗治疗年轻女性肿瘤患者中最常见的副作用之一就是雌性生殖系统损伤,特别是卵巢损伤。放化疗通过对卵巢卵泡、颗粒细胞、卵母细胞和间充质细胞的损伤破坏卵巢功能,其损伤程度与患者年龄、药物剂量高低和治疗范围相关。例如前期的研究发现,常见的放化疗药物如多西他赛、伊立替康、环磷酰胺、顺铂和多柔比星均能引起不孕、流产和胚胎异常。这些放化疗药物产生卵巢毒性症状和机制各不相同,如环磷酰胺诱导生殖细胞的失活导致生殖细胞和间质支持细胞间的相互作用停止,最终引起无增殖的体细胞退化;白消安具有卵细胞毒性,会阻滞原始卵母细胞,影响进一步的成熟和排卵。研究表明,在给予环磷酰胺和白消安两种烷化剂后,原始卵泡样卵泡、原始卵泡和初级卵泡数量减少,说明其联合应用不仅会损伤原始卵泡,同样还会损伤产生原始卵泡样卵泡的生殖干细胞。
放化疗是把双刃剑,治疗癌症的同时也带来诸多毒副反应,尤其损伤癌症患者的卵巢生殖和内分泌功能,引起卵巢功能障碍,甚至卵巢过早的出现机能衰退,导致不孕不育。因卵巢功能的损伤严重影响女性的生育功能、心理健康和家庭稳定,近年来,许多国内外学者纷纷致力于寻找一种安全有效的方法,使化疗药物的卵巢损伤降到最低。
目前研究证实,促性腺激素受体激动剂(GnRHa)对放化疗引起的卵巢损伤有明显的治疗作用。卵巢保护主要通过下调垂体GnRH受体,降低血中促性腺激素水平,阻止原始卵泡发育为成熟卵泡,避开放化疗敏感期,防止过多的成熟卵泡受到放化疗药物的破坏;另一方面,GnRHa的应用使卵巢处于相对静止状态,减少卵巢局部的血液供应,从而减少放化疗药物在卵巢局部累积,降低放化疗药对卵巢功能的损害。但GnRHa对垂体有短暂的兴奋作用,用于放化疗中对卵巢的保护有一定的局限性,目前尚未临床推广应用。因此,亟需一种在放化疗的同时能保护妇女卵巢功能及生殖能力的新方法和新药物。
中药沙棘(Seabuckthorn),在我国主要分布于西北、华北、东北及西南等多个地区,我国是世界上应用沙棘最多的国家,早在公元8世纪藏医名著《医药月帝》《四部医典》就有用沙棘果治疗肺部疾病、肺脓肿、热性“培根”病、“木布”病、胃病的记载。中药沙棘具有抗心肌缺血、抗心律失常、抗血栓形成、降血糖、提高免疫、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗过敏、抑菌等药理作用。它不仅是一种中草药,也是种食物,在医药、保健、食品等方面均有很大的开发前景,其果肉制成的果浆不仅易于被人体吸收而且富含多种活性物质,如:多种维生素、脂肪酸、微量元素、酚酸类、抗坏血酸(AA)、类胡萝卜素、生育酚、黄酮等活性物质和人体所需的各种氨基酸。研究表明,沙棘果浆可以抑制胃蛋白酶活性,减少游离酸,对胃溃疡、消化不良、肠炎等消化系统疾病有良好疗效。迄今为止,尚没有报道沙棘果浆对放化疗引起卵巢损伤有治疗作用。
发明内容
本申请公开一种植物果浆在制备治疗由放化疗引起的卵巢损伤的药物和保健食品中的应用,即沙棘果浆在制备治疗由放化疗引起的卵巢损伤的药物和保健食品中的应用。
根据本申请的实施例,提供一种植物果浆在制备治疗由放化疗引起的卵巢损伤的药物中的应用,所述植物果浆为沙棘果浆。
根据本申请的实施例,提供一种植物果浆在制备治疗由放化疗引起的卵巢损伤的保健食品中的应用,所述植物果浆为沙棘果浆。
进一步地,所述药物的剂型包括汤剂、软胶囊、滴丸、乳剂、片剂、洗剂、搽剂、软膏剂或栓剂。
进一步地,所述保健食品的剂型包括汤剂、软胶囊、滴丸、乳剂、片剂、洗剂、搽剂、软膏剂或栓剂。
本申请首次证实沙棘果浆具有完全不同于以上所述的新功能:沙棘果浆对放化疗引起卵巢损伤有很好的治疗作用。沙棘果浆不仅可以治疗放化疗引起的小鼠卵巢损伤、动情周期的紊乱,还可以有效改善卵巢生殖内分泌激素水平以及卵巢储备功能等。该发明对于直接利用沙棘果浆治疗放化疗引起卵巢损伤提供了依据。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请的实验设计图;
图2为本申请的技术路线图;
图3为各组小鼠卵巢组织石蜡切片H&E染色结果;
图4为各组小鼠阴道分泌物观察结果;
图5为各组小鼠雌激素E2水平的变化;
图6为各组小鼠卵巢组织免疫组化AMH表达结果;
图7为各组小鼠血清AMH含量的变化。
具体实施方式
本申请提供一种植物果浆在制备治疗由放化疗引起的卵巢损伤的药物中的应用,所述植物果浆为沙棘果浆。
本申请提供一种植物果浆在制备治疗由放化疗引起的卵巢损伤的保健食品中的应用,所述植物果浆为沙棘果浆。
进一步地,所述药物的剂型包括汤剂、软胶囊、滴丸、乳剂、片剂、洗剂、搽剂、软膏剂或栓剂。
进一步地,所述保健食品的剂型包括汤剂、软胶囊、滴丸、乳剂、片剂、洗剂、搽剂、软膏剂或栓剂。
本申请证实沙棘果浆具有完全不同于以上所述的新功能:沙棘果浆对放化疗引起卵巢损伤有很好的治疗作用。沙棘果浆不仅可以治疗放化疗引起的小鼠卵巢损伤、动情周期的紊乱,还可以有效改善卵巢生殖内分泌激素水平以及卵巢储备功能等。该发明对于直接利用沙棘果浆治疗放化疗引起卵巢损伤提供了依据。
本申请旨在探讨沙棘果浆的治疗性应用对放化疗引起的卵巢组织损伤的治疗作用,为临床肿瘤治疗中应用大剂量的放化疗药物时所导致的卵巢损伤,提供有效的治疗手段和科学依据。
为了证实沙棘果浆具有上述新功能,做了如下实验。
1.技术方案
(1)建立放化疗药引起卵巢损伤的动物模型:
实验设计图如图1所示。
环磷酰胺(CY)和白消安(BUS)为临床常用抗癌药物,也是代表性的卵巢毒性药物。本申请通过成年雌性小鼠一次性腹腔注射120mg/kg环磷酰胺和10mg/kg白消安建立卵巢损伤小鼠模型。
(2)对化疗药引起卵巢损伤动物模型给予干预:
本实验采用12周龄雌性ICR小鼠,分为正常对照组、模型组、沙棘果浆治疗组、阳性对照组(GnRha组),每组8只。
正常组给予生理盐水对照;
模型组给予一次性腹腔注射120mg/kg环磷酰胺和10mg/kg白消安建立卵巢损伤小鼠模型;
沙棘果浆治疗组,从造模第1天起,每天沙棘果浆2.5ml/kg连续灌胃给药,第60天取材;
阳性对照组(GnRha组),于造模第1天一次性皮下注射给予促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRha)38mg/kg,后生理盐水0.2ml每天持续灌胃至第60天取材(每天灌胃是为了与模型组和沙棘果浆治疗组一致,规避灌胃操作带来的差异)。
所有组小鼠,在灌胃60天取材,观察卵巢的组织形态学改变,计数卵巢组织中各级卵泡数量,检测血清E2和抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)水平,用免疫组化检测AMH蛋白的表达水平。
(3)实验结果监测及数据收集
所有小鼠,从12周龄开始,每4天检测并记录各组小鼠体重、摄食及动情周期变化,直至取材。取材后通过石蜡包埋剂切片染色技术,观察卵巢形态学改变。通过免疫组化技术检测AMH改变。
2.技术路线图
技术路线图如图2所示。
3.主要技术
1)建立化疗药引起卵巢损伤的动物模型
环磷酰胺(CY)和白消安(BUS)为临床常用抗癌药物,也是代表性的卵巢毒性药物。本研究通过成年雌性小鼠一次性腹腔注射120mg/kg环磷酰胺和10mg/kg白消安建立卵巢损伤小鼠模型。
2)阴道脱落细胞冲洗液涂片法检测动情周期
用滴管吸取适量生理盐水,每隔4天,在同一时间点冲洗、吸取阴道分泌物于载玻片上,迅速于显微镜下观察细胞形态,判断动情周期。
4.实验结果
4.1沙棘果浆可以治疗放化疗引起小鼠卵巢组织病变。
放化疗会直接导致卵巢组织损伤。肉眼观可见卵巢外观体积缩小且呈萎缩状,卵巢表面大小不等的囊腔样结构;镜下观察可见生长卵泡闭锁、间质纤维化、卵巢皮质增厚、结构混乱、原始卵泡停止发育以及生长卵泡明显减少、成熟卵泡消失等;各级卵泡的颗粒细胞层明显减少、细胞坏死、黄体纤维化、血管明显减少。
(1)大体观察:相比正常小鼠,模型组小鼠通过环磷酰胺和白消安处理后,肉眼下卵巢体积缩小,表面粗糙不规则。
(2)组织学:如图3所示,正常对照组小鼠的卵巢在HE染色下可见多个不同发育阶段的卵泡及黄体,颗粒细胞形态完整且排列整齐;模型组小鼠卵巢间质出现纤维化和玻璃样变,皮质中大部分原始卵泡消失和不存在成熟的卵泡,且正常的皮质基质细胞也大量丢失,颗粒细胞表现为急性坏死损伤,如大量髓鞘样结构,细胞内、细胞间水肿;沙棘果浆组小鼠卵巢内均可见黄体和多个发育不同阶段的卵泡,接近成熟期的卵泡可见卵细胞及放射冠,颗粒细胞排列较紧密,层数增多,卵泡膜细胞层较薄,形态接近正常对照组及阳性对照组。
4.2沙棘果浆可以治疗放化疗引起的小鼠动情周期紊乱。
动情周期是指雌性哺乳动物从上一次发情开始至下一次发情开始,或指上一次排卵至下一次排卵之间的时间间隔。通常根据动物的精神状态、雌性动物对雄性动物产生的性欲表现、卵巢内卵泡的生长发育、排卵和黄体形成的情况及雌性生殖道(子宫、阴道等)的生理变化等几个主要方面,将发情周期划分为动情前期(前情期)、动情期、动情后期(后情期)及间情期(间期)。在发情周期中卵巢、子宫与阴道等主要附属性器官也处于不断变化。拥有规律的动情周期是哺乳动物性成熟的标志,意味着卵巢开始发挥功能。
如图4所示,动情前期(阳性对照组)可见成群或单独出现的梭形上皮细胞,白细胞较少。动情期(正常对照组)见大量鳞状上皮细胞,形状大而不规则,无核,白细胞消失;动情后期(沙棘果浆组)可见多种细胞类型,白细胞,无核的上皮细胞及梭形上皮细胞;动情间期(模型组)可见大量白细胞,极少量梭形上皮细胞。实验中我们通过连续的动情周期观察发现:对照组小鼠均有明显的4~5天的动情周期且各期分布比较均衡;模型组小鼠的动情周期持续停留在间期;沙棘果浆组小鼠由刚开始持续的间期,逐渐出现动情前期、动情期、动情后期的循环变化,且随着治疗越来越有规律。因此可以看出,沙棘果浆对放化疗所导致的小鼠动情周期紊乱有很好的治疗作用。由此可证明,沙棘果浆对放化疗所导致的小鼠动情周期紊乱有很好的治疗保护作用。
4.3沙棘果浆可以治疗放化疗引起小鼠雌激素E2水平减退。
雌激素是一类主要的女性激素,它会促进女性附性器官成熟和维持女性第二性征,并维持正常性欲和生殖功能的激素。雌激素对卵巢的卵泡发育是必需的,从原始卵泡发育到成熟卵泡,均起一定的作用,有助于卵巢积储胆固醇,而且雌激素通过对下丘脑的正负反馈调节,控制脑垂体促性腺激素的分泌。雌激素主要由卵巢的卵泡细胞等分泌,放化疗会导致卵巢损伤,雌激素水平降低,进而引起卵巢功能减退。
如图5所示,放化疗引起小鼠血清中的E2水平降低(模型组),阳性对照组和沙棘果浆组小鼠的E2水平略高于正常组,且沙棘果浆组E2水平略高于阳性对照组,这不仅证实沙棘果浆对性激素减退的治疗作用,而且还说明沙棘果浆是临床上促性腺激素受体激动剂很好的替代药物。
4.4沙棘果浆可以治疗由放化疗引起小鼠卵巢储备功能的损伤。
卵巢储备功能是指女性卵巢内存留卵子的质量和数量,是衡量女性生育潜能的重要标志。我们常说的卵巢功能,其实是指卵巢储备功能,是决定着我们生育成功与否的关键因素,卵巢储备反映卵子的数量和质量,反映了女性的生育潜能。卵巢储备功能不良是指卵巢内存留的可募集卵泡数目减少,卵母细胞质量下降,可导致生育能力降低或出现过早绝经倾向。AMH是转化生长因子β超家族的成员之一,在卵巢中卵泡的颗粒细胞中表达,起到招募原始卵泡的作用。与基础E2、FSH相比,AMH可更早更准确反映年龄相关卵巢储备功能的下降,因此是评价卵巢储备功能的最好指标之一。
本申请通过检测不同组间小鼠卵巢组织中AMH的表达量来评价卵巢的储备功能。如图6所示,正常对照组中卵泡周围和颗粒细胞间有AMH表达(黄染部分),但表达量不高;模型组几乎看不到AMH的表达;而在阳性对照组和沙棘果浆组中,卵泡周围和颗粒细胞间有大面积的黄染,说明AMH在这两组小鼠的卵巢中高表达。因此我们得出结论:沙棘果浆可以很好地恢复卵巢的储备功能。
4.5沙棘果浆可以治疗放化疗引起小鼠AMH激素含量降低。
AMH是目前不同临床情况下检测卵巢储备功能最好的方法。当卵泡颗粒细胞丰富,卵巢功能较佳,AMH的水平会在较高水平。相反,当卵泡颗粒细胞逐渐减少,卵巢功能逐渐退化,AMH的水平也会逐渐降低。AMH作为卵巢储备功能评估的最佳指标,AMH指数越高,说明卵子的库存量越大,生育能力相对就越强。AMH降低,提示卵巢正在老化,表示女性生育力的衰退。
如图7所示,与模型组相比,沙棘果浆明显能提高放化疗所致小鼠损伤卵巢中AMH的表达,更进一步证明,沙棘果浆对放化疗所引起的卵巢储备功能降低有很好的治疗作用。
由以上实验结果可知,
(1)沙棘果浆可以治疗放化疗引起小鼠卵巢组织病变,改善卵巢组织形态
(2)沙棘果浆可以治疗放化疗引起小鼠的动情周期紊乱,维持小鼠的正常生理周期(3)沙棘果浆可以治疗放化疗引起小鼠雌激素水平减退
(4)沙棘果浆可以治疗放化疗引起小鼠卵巢储备功能的损伤
(5)沙棘果浆可以治疗放化疗引起小鼠AMH激素含量降低
(6)放疗和化疗对小鼠卵巢损伤的相似性,沙棘果浆对放化疗引起的卵巢功能异常的治疗均有保护作用。
本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实践这里公开的申请后,将容易想到本申请的其它实施方案。本申请旨在涵盖本申请的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化,这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本申请的一般性原理并包括本申请未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被视为示例性的,本申请的真正范围和精神由下面的权利要求指出。
应当理解的是,本申请并不局限于上面已经描述的内容,并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本申请的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。
Claims (4)
1.一种植物果浆在制备治疗由放化疗引起的卵巢损伤的药物中的应用,所述植物果浆为沙棘果浆。
2.一种植物果浆在制备治疗由放化疗引起的卵巢损伤的保健食品中的应用,所述植物果浆为沙棘果浆。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型包括汤剂、软胶囊、滴丸、乳剂、片剂、洗剂、搽剂、软膏剂或栓剂。
4.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述保健食品的剂型包括汤剂、软胶囊、滴丸、乳剂、片剂、洗剂、搽剂、软膏剂或栓剂。
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