CN111642397A - Method for producing potato breeder seeds by using waste as matrix - Google Patents
Method for producing potato breeder seeds by using waste as matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN111642397A CN111642397A CN202010550633.5A CN202010550633A CN111642397A CN 111642397 A CN111642397 A CN 111642397A CN 202010550633 A CN202010550633 A CN 202010550633A CN 111642397 A CN111642397 A CN 111642397A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/001—Culture apparatus for tissue culture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of potato cultivation, and discloses a method for producing potato breeder seeds by using waste as a matrix, wherein the potato breeder seeds for propagation are selected and placed on a darkroom cultivation bed for germination acceleration; after 25 days, taking the buds down from the potato original seeds, and carrying out sterilization and disinfection treatment; culturing the treated bud seeds in an MS solid culture medium; sterilizing the fungus residues in the waste black fungus bags, adding humus and corn straw powder, stirring uniformly, adding probiotics, spreading into the planting grooves, and inserting the cultured buds into a matrix for rooting culture. After the germination acceleration, the potato buds are disinfected, so that the survival rate is higher; waste mushroom dregs are added into the substrate, the problem of waste accumulation can be effectively solved, reutilization is realized, and the prepared substrate has high water retention capacity; the humus and the corn straw powder are added to provide sufficient nutrient components for the growth of the potatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of potato cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for producing potato breeder seeds by using waste as a matrix.
Background
At present: the potatoes are important crops for both food and vegetables in our province, the planting area reaches more than 1000 ten thousand mu, and the potatoes become important crops for increasing the agricultural efficiency and the income of farmers in our province. The potato tuber contains about 2% of protein, and the protein content in the dried potato is 8% -9%. The protein of the potato has high nutritive value, the quality of the protein is equivalent to that of the protein of the egg, and the protein is easy to digest and absorb and is superior to that of other crops. Furthermore, potato protein contains 18 amino acids, including various essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body. The potato has short growth cycle, strong adaptability, high yield per unit, rich nutrition of tubers and wide application, and is the fourth largest grain crop next to rice, wheat and corn in the world. The fungus bag for planting the black fungus is discarded after one-time use, fungus residues in the fungus bag are accompanied with the black fungus hypha, natural decomposition is difficult to realize, and spores generated by the black fungus hypha can be propagated along with air, so that the health of a human body is influenced. At present, the method of using the waste black fungus bags for potato cultivation is unavailable, and the treatment of the black fungus bags cannot be realized.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: at present, the method of using the waste black fungus bags for potato cultivation is unavailable, and the treatment of the black fungus bags cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for producing potato breeder seeds by using waste as a substrate.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for producing potato breeder seeds by using waste as a matrix comprises the following steps:
step one, pregermination: selecting potato stock seeds for propagation, and placing the potato stock seeds on a darkroom culture bed for accelerating germination;
step two, after accelerating germination and culturing for 25 days, taking the sprouts from the potato stock seeds, and carrying out sterilization and disinfection treatment;
the method comprises the following steps of taking down the buds from the potato stock seeds, and specifically carrying out sterilization and disinfection treatment:
(1) soaking the potato stock seed subjected to germination acceleration in a sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 2% for 5-10 min;
(2) taking out the potato stock seeds, and sucking out moisture of the contact parts of the potato stock seeds and the buds by using filter paper;
(3) cutting off the new sprout by using a scalpel and a pair of tweezers in a sterile environment, and shearing off the terminal sprout;
(4) placing terminal bud in distilled water, flowing and cleaning for 10-15min, and coating with gauze;
(5) wiping and sterilizing with 75% ethanol in a sterile room, washing with sterile water for 2-3min, and drying with filter paper;
step three, inoculating the treated buds into an MS solid culture medium, irradiating the buds with natural light with the illumination intensity of 1500Lux-2000Lux, and stopping culturing after the buds grow to 1 cm;
the step of inoculating the treated buds into MS solid culture medium comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out damp-heat sterilization treatment on the MS solid culture medium;
2) placing the treated bud in a beaker, placing on a clean bench, sterilizing with disinfectant, washing with sterile water, draining off water, and placing on sterilized gauze;
3) placing the buds on a sterilized MS solid culture medium by using a sterilized instrument;
step four, matrix preparation: taking out the fungus residue in the waste black fungus bags, placing the fungus residues under an ultraviolet lamp for irradiation for 10 hours for sterilization, and stirring every 2 hours during irradiation; adding humus and corn straw powder into the sterilized matrix;
step five, uniformly stirring, adding probiotics, flatly paving the probiotics in the planting groove, and inserting the cultured buds into a matrix for rooting culture;
step six, culturing in the matrix until 5-6 leaves grow out, and transplanting;
the transplanting comprises the following steps:
the potatoes are planted in double rows, the row spacing is 120cm, the small row spacing is 45cm, the large row spacing is 65cm, and the plant spacing is 25-28 cm;
and seventhly, performing illumination, moisture, fertilizer and disease and pest management after transplanting to obtain the second-generation seed potato of the potato original seed.
Further, in the step one, the potato stock for propagation is specifically: smooth surface without bulge and obvious damage, bright color, weight of 80-150g, and no deformity.
Further, in the step one, before the darkroom cultivation, the following steps are carried out: soaking potato stock seeds in 10-20ppm gibberellin solution for 10-20 min.
Further, in the first step, the darkroom culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 21-28 ℃, the humidity is 85-95%, and the visible light illumination is less than 20 Lux.
Further, in the step one, the height of the culture bed is 10-12cm, fresh river sand is covered on the culture bed, the thickness of the sand is 0.2-0.5mm, and the thickness of the sand is 6-8 cm.
Further, in the fourth step, in the preparation of the matrix, the fungus residue, humus and corn stalk powder in the waste black fungus bags are in a mass ratio of 3:3: 2.
Further, in the fifth step, probiotics are added into the sterilized substrate, and the adding amount of the probiotics is 100g per cubic meter of the substrate.
Further, in the fifth step, the probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis and bacillus putrescens, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus putrescens is 10: 1.
Further, in the fifth step, the sterilized substrate is paved in the planting groove, and the paving depth is 5-8 cm.
The invention also aims to provide an application method of the method for producing the potato breeder seeds by using the waste as the matrix, which comprises the following steps:
transferring the second generation seed potato of the obtained original seed to a potato winter crop area, storing for 1-2 months, and planting in field to obtain the product potato.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: after the germination acceleration, the potato buds are disinfected, so that the survival rate is higher; the MS culture medium is used for culture before cultivation, so that the growth promoting effect is better; waste mushroom dregs are added into the substrate, the problem of waste accumulation can be effectively solved, reutilization is realized, and the prepared substrate has high water retention capacity; the humus and the corn straw powder are added to provide sufficient nutrient components for the growth of the potatoes; the method has high efficiency of culturing the potato breeder seeds, high survival rate and better quality of the obtained potato breeder seeds.
The invention adopts aseptic processing in the culture process, can ensure that the culture is not influenced by mixed bacteria, and leads the potato breeder seed to be capable of growing normally.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing potato stock using waste as a substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention for removing sprouts from potato stock for sterilization and disinfection.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of the potato stock after pregermination according to the present invention.
FIGS. 4-5 are graphs showing the effect of potato growth after transplantation according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for producing potato breeder seeds by using waste as a substrate, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for producing potato breeder seeds by using waste as a substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, pregermination: selecting potato stock seeds for propagation, and placing the potato stock seeds on a darkroom culture bed for accelerating germination;
s102, after accelerating germination and culturing for 25 days, taking the sprouts from the potato stock seeds, and carrying out sterilization and disinfection treatment;
s103, inoculating the treated buds into an MS solid culture medium, irradiating the buds with natural light with the illumination intensity of 1500Lux-2000Lux, and stopping culturing after the buds grow to 1 cm;
s104, matrix preparation: taking out the fungus residue in the waste black fungus bags, placing the fungus residues under an ultraviolet lamp for irradiation for 10 hours for sterilization, and stirring every 2 hours during irradiation; adding humus and corn straw powder into the sterilized matrix;
s105, uniformly stirring, adding probiotics, paving into the planting groove, and inserting the cultured buds into a matrix for rooting culture;
s106, culturing in a matrix until 5-6 leaves grow out, and transplanting; and (5) after transplanting, carrying out illumination, moisture, fertilizer and disease and pest management to obtain the second generation seed potato of the potato original seed.
The potato breeder seeds provided by the embodiment of the invention are specifically as follows: smooth surface without bulge and obvious damage, bright color, weight of 80-150g, and no deformity.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention needs to be carried out before darkroom culture: soaking potato stock seeds in 10-20ppm gibberellin solution for 10-20 min.
The darkroom culture conditions provided by the embodiment of the invention are as follows: the temperature is 21-28 ℃, the humidity is 85-95%, and the visible light illumination is less than 20 Lux.
The culture bed provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises: the height of the culture bed is 10-12cm, fresh river sand is covered on the culture bed, the thickness of the sand is 0.2-0.5mm, and the thickness of the sand is 6-8 cm.
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for removing sprouts from potato stock seeds, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s201, soaking the potato stock seeds subjected to germination acceleration in a sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 2% for 5-10 min;
s202, taking out the potato stock seeds, and sucking out moisture of contact parts of the potato stock seeds and the buds by using filter paper;
s203, cutting off the new buds by using a scalpel and a pair of tweezers in a sterile environment, and cutting off terminal buds;
s204, placing the terminal buds in distilled water, flowing and cleaning for 10-15min, and coating with gauze;
s205, wiping and disinfecting the buds in an aseptic room by using 75% alcohol, washing the buds for 2-3min by using sterile water, and sucking the surface moisture of the terminal buds by using filter paper.
The method for inoculating the treated bud into the MS solid culture medium comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out damp-heat sterilization treatment on an MS solid culture medium;
secondly, placing the treated buds into a beaker, carrying the treated buds onto a super clean bench, sterilizing the buds with a disinfectant, washing the buds with sterile water, draining the buds, and placing the buds on a sterilized gauze;
finally, the shoots were placed on sterilized MS solid medium using sterilized instruments.
In the preparation of the matrix provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fungus residue, the humus and the corn stalk powder in the waste black fungus bag are in a mass ratio of 3:3: 2.
The probiotic is added to the sterilized substrate, and the addition amount of the probiotic is 100g per cubic meter of the substrate.
The probiotics provided by the embodiment of the invention comprise bacillus subtilis and bacillus putrescens, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus putrescens is 10: 1.
The sterilized substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention is paved in the planting groove, and the paving depth is 5-8 cm.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1:
selecting potato stock seeds with smooth and non-convex surfaces, no obvious damage, bright color, weight of 80-150g and no deformity, and placing the potato stock seeds on a dark room river sand culture bed for accelerating germination at the temperature of 25 ℃, the humidity of 90% and the visible light illumination of less than 20 Lux. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of the potato stock after pregermination.
After 25 days, soaking the potato stock seed subjected to germination acceleration in a sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 2% for 10min, taking out the potato stock seed, sucking out water of a contact part of the potato stock seed and the buds by using filter paper, cutting off a new bud by using a scalpel and a pair of tweezers in an aseptic environment, and shearing off a terminal bud; placing terminal bud in distilled water, flowing and cleaning for 10min, and coating with gauze; wiping and sterilizing with 75% ethanol in sterile room, washing with sterile water for 2min, and drying with filter paper.
Inoculating the terminal bud into MS solid culture medium, irradiating with natural light at illumination intensity of 2000Lux, and stopping culture after the terminal bud grows to 1 cm; taking out the fungus residue in the waste black fungus bags, placing the fungus residues under an ultraviolet lamp for irradiation for 10 hours for sterilization, and stirring every 2 hours during irradiation; adding humus and corn straw powder into the sterilized matrix; after being stirred uniformly, probiotics are added, the mixture is spread in a planting groove, and the cultured buds are inserted into a substrate for rooting culture; culturing in matrix until 5-6 leaves grow, and transplanting.
And (5) after transplanting, carrying out illumination, moisture, fertilizer and disease and pest management to obtain the second generation seed potato of the potato original seed. FIGS. 4-5 are graphs showing the effect of potato growth after transplantation.
The technical effects of the present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific experiments.
Taking the example 1 of the invention as a test group, and taking potato planting by using a conventional sowing planting method as a control group, wherein the sowing density of the common stock seeds is the same as that of the invention; and carrying out comparison of related data.
The ratio of the lacuna of the invention is 0.86 percent, and the ratio of the lacuna of the control group is 4.78 percent; the average number of the potatoes per mu in the invention is 23236, and the average number of the potatoes per mu in the control group is 21697.
Compared with the conventional sowing mode, the method can clearly find that the nest-lacking proportion of the method is obviously smaller than that of the conventional sowing mode, and the yield is obviously higher than that of the conventional planting mode, namely the method effectively improves the survival rate of the potatoes and increases the economic benefit.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for producing the potato breeder seeds by using the waste as the matrix is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, pregermination: selecting potato stock seeds for propagation, and placing the potato stock seeds on a darkroom culture bed for accelerating germination;
step two, after accelerating germination and culturing for 25 days, taking the sprouts from the potato stock seeds, and carrying out sterilization and disinfection treatment;
the method comprises the following steps of taking down the buds from the potato stock seeds, and specifically carrying out sterilization and disinfection treatment:
(1) soaking the potato stock seed subjected to germination acceleration in a sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 2% for 5-10 min;
(2) taking out the potato stock seeds, and sucking out moisture of the contact parts of the potato stock seeds and the buds by using filter paper;
(3) cutting off the new sprout by using a scalpel and a pair of tweezers in a sterile environment, and shearing off the terminal sprout;
(4) placing terminal bud in distilled water, flowing and cleaning for 10-15min, and coating with gauze;
(5) wiping and sterilizing with 75% ethanol in a sterile room, washing with sterile water for 2-3min, and drying with filter paper;
step three, inoculating the treated buds into an MS solid culture medium, irradiating the buds with natural light with the illumination intensity of 1500Lux-2000Lux, and stopping culturing after the buds grow to 1 cm;
the step of inoculating the treated buds into MS solid culture medium comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out damp-heat sterilization treatment on the MS solid culture medium;
2) placing the treated bud in a beaker, placing on a clean bench, sterilizing with disinfectant, washing with sterile water, draining off water, and placing on sterilized gauze;
3) placing the buds on a sterilized MS solid culture medium by using a sterilized instrument;
step four, matrix preparation: taking out the fungus residue in the waste black fungus bags, placing the fungus residues under an ultraviolet lamp for irradiation for 10 hours for sterilization, and stirring every 2 hours during irradiation; adding humus and corn straw powder into the sterilized matrix;
step five, uniformly stirring, adding probiotics, flatly paving the probiotics in the planting groove, and inserting the cultured buds into a matrix for rooting culture;
step six, culturing in the matrix until 5-6 leaves grow out, and transplanting;
the transplanting comprises the following steps:
the potatoes are planted in double rows, the row spacing is 120cm, the small row spacing is 45cm, the large row spacing is 65cm, and the plant spacing is 25-28 cm;
and seventhly, performing illumination, moisture, fertilizer and disease and pest management after transplanting to obtain the second-generation seed potato of the potato original seed.
2. The method for producing potato breeders using the waste as a substrate in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the potato breeders used for propagation are specifically: smooth surface without bulge and obvious damage, bright color, weight of 80-150g, and no deformity.
3. A method of producing potato stock using waste as a substrate in accordance with claim 1, wherein in step one, said darkroom cultivation is preceded by: soaking potato stock seeds in 10-20ppm gibberellin solution for 10-20 min.
4. A method of producing potato stock using waste as a substrate in accordance with claim 1, wherein in step one, the darkroom conditions are: the temperature is 21-28 ℃, the humidity is 85-95%, and the visible light illumination is less than 20 Lux.
5. The method for producing potato breeder seeds by using the waste as the matrix of claim 1, wherein in the first step, the height of the culture bed is 10-12cm, the culture bed is covered with fresh river sand, the thickness of the sand is 0.2-0.5mm, and the thickness of the sand is 6-8 cm.
6. The method for producing potato breeder seeds by using the waste as the substrate in the claim 1 is characterized in that in the fourth step, the fungus residues, humus and corn stalk powder in the waste black fungus bags are prepared according to the mass ratio of 3:3: 2.
7. The method for producing potato breeders using the waste as the substrate in claim 1, wherein in step five, probiotics are added to the sterilized substrate, and the addition amount of the probiotics is 100g per cubic meter of the substrate.
8. The method for producing potato breeder seeds by using the waste as the substrate in the claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis and putrescence bacillus, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the putrescence bacillus is 10: 1.
9. The method for producing potato breeder seeds by using the wastes as the substrates as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the sterilized substrates are flatly laid in the planting grooves, and the flatly laid depth is 5-8 cm.
10. A method for producing potato breeder seeds by using the waste as a substrate according to the claims 1-9, which is characterized in that the method for producing potato breeder seeds by using the waste as a substrate comprises the following steps:
transferring the second generation seed potato of the obtained original seed to a potato winter crop area, storing for 1-2 months, and planting in field to obtain the product potato.
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| CN1429473A (en) * | 2001-12-29 | 2003-07-16 | 刘伟 | Seed breeding method of potato detoxified small seed potato |
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