CN111636238A - 一种全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒的生产方法，将原料配比后疏解得均匀的浆料，将壳聚糖溶液溶解于醋酸溶液，再加入到浆料中，搅拌后洗涤浆料；然后将聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒配置成溶液，加入到浆料中，搅拌后洗涤浆料；最后加入防水剂、湿强剂、干强剂等助剂制得混合浆料，送入餐盒纸浆模塑成型机，将纸浆模塑餐盒湿坯进行脱水、热压定型、切边制成模塑餐盒成品。本发明提供的全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒为绿色环保全降解材料，其废弃后可直接丢弃并自然降解成种植用土壤；或经破碎还原成种植用土壤进行复用或丢弃。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于一种环保型纸浆餐盒技术领域。
背景技术
随着生活节奏的加快和外卖行业的兴起，一次性餐盒的用量惊人，给固废处理和环境造成了很大的压力，以至很多地方纷纷出台限塑令或者各种宣传措施减少现有一次性塑料餐盒的使用。因此，急需一种能快速完全降解、对环境毫无压力的环保型一次性餐盒。
纸浆模塑是一种立体造纸技术。它以废纸、木浆或其它植物纤维为原料，在模塑机上由特殊的模具塑造出具有一定形状的纸浆制品。它具有四大优势：1.原料为废纸、木浆或其它植物纤维，包括板纸、废纸箱纸、废白边纸、针叶木浆、阔叶木浆、竹浆、蔗渣浆等，来源广泛；2.其制作过程由制浆、吸附成型、干燥定型等工序完成，流程较短，对环境无害；3.产品可以回收再生利用；4.体积比发泡塑料小，质量轻，可重叠，交通运输方便。纸浆模塑技术为制造环保型纸浆餐盒提供了技术基础。
但是现有的纸浆餐盒为了适应餐饮健康，采用原生木浆等浆料，但是为了赋予餐盒的防水防油功能，又不得不添加一系列氟系防水防油剂，例如PFOA(全氟辛酸及盐)和PFOS(全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物)等，它们在环境中很难被降解，具有生物累积性和多种毒性，具备持久性有机污染物的共同特性，被认为是21世纪重点研究的新型持久性环境污染物。不仅成本高，也没有实现真正的绿色环保，市场用量不大。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明提供了一种新的全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒及其制备方法。
本发明是这样实现的，一种全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：将原料按配比计量，用水力碎浆机进行碎浆获得浆料，碎浆浓度为3.5％～4.0％；
步骤2：将处理好的浆料用双功能疏解机进行疏解，经过疏解机的切断、分丝、细纤维化，获得均匀的浆料；
步骤3：将壳聚糖溶液溶解于醋酸溶液后加入到浆料中，搅拌后用白水洗涤浆料；然后将聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒配置成溶液加入到浆料中，搅拌后用白水洗涤浆料；
步骤4：将浆料与白水混合，加入防水剂、湿强剂和干强剂等化学药品，搅拌均匀，制得混合浆料；
步骤5：将混合浆料经管道运送至餐盒模塑成型机，经真空抽滤脱水制得全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒湿胚；
步骤6：将湿胚进行脱水、热压定型、转移切边制成全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒制品。
进一步，步骤1中，所述的原料为白色甘蔗浆和白色竹浆按照30～40：60～70重量比例组成。
进一步，步骤2中，所述的浆料质量：湿重14～17g，打浆度20～23°SR，粘度为60～70Pa·s。
进一步，步骤3中，所述的壳聚糖溶液对浆料重量为:壳聚糖：绝干浆＝1～2:100；聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒配置成浓度0.2～0.3mol/L的溶液后加入到浆料中，聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒对绝干浆重量＝1～2:100。更进一步，所用的壳聚糖脱乙酰度80％～90％，分子量为7×104～9×104Da；聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒粒径为100～500nm。
进一步，步骤4中，浆料与白水按照DCS设置进行配浆，配浆浓度0.27％～0.32％，配浆时间15～25min。所述的防水剂为不含氟树脂，湿强剂是聚酰胺聚环氧氯丙烷树脂，干强剂是淀粉及其改性物，采用本领域常用的市售食品级产品即可。所述的防水剂、干强剂和湿强剂等化学药品根据配浆量的多少按绝干浆比例来确认添加量，与绝干纸浆纤维的比例：防水剂0.8％～1.6％，干强剂0.6％～1.2％，湿强剂0.6％～1.2％。
进一步，步骤6中，所述的纸浆模塑餐盒湿坯脱水处理，具体操作参数：真空度-0.03MPa～-0.035MPa抽吸负压下脱水15～20s，至含水率为65～75％。所述的热压定型条件是：压强在50～70kg/cm2、温度为170～230℃、时间为20～40s。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明采用壳聚糖和纳米银作为抗菌剂。壳聚糖具有来源丰富,生物相容性好,可被生物降解,无毒和抗菌性能广等优点。纳米银具有超强的活性及渗透性，广谱杀菌、无耐药性、快速杀菌、效果持久，对抗菌素耐药菌有同样杀灭作用，壳聚糖和纳米银复配则效果更佳。采用竹子和普通农作物废料为浆料原料，制备得到的餐盒为绿色环保全降解材料，做到从源头到成品均无环境压力。
本发明提供的餐盒产品使用废弃后可直接丢弃并自然降解成种植用土壤；或经破碎还原成种植用土壤进行复用或丢弃。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方法作详细举例说明。下述实施例中没有特别说明的技术参数和助剂，本领域技术人员可以根据本技术领域的知识进行常规和适应性选择。
本发明实施例提供的全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒成形方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按白色甘蔗浆：白色竹浆原料＝30～40：60～70重量比计量，用水力碎浆机进行碎浆获得浆料，碎浆浓度为3.5％～4.0％。
步骤2：将处理好的浆料用双功能疏解机进行疏解，经过疏解机的切断、分丝、细纤维化，获得均匀的浆料；所获浆料质量：湿重14～17g，打浆度20～23°SR，粘度为60～70Pa·s。
步骤3：1)将壳聚糖溶液溶解于70～90℃的2～3％浓度的醋酸溶液，再加入到浆料中，壳聚糖：绝干浆＝1～2:100，搅拌10～20分钟，然后用白水洗涤浆料；2)将聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒配置成浓度0.2～0.3mol/L的溶液，加入到浆料中，聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒对绝干浆＝1～2:100，搅拌10～20分钟，然后用白水洗涤浆料；所用的壳聚糖脱乙酰度80％～90％，分子量为7×104～9×104Da，聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒粒径为100～500nm。
步骤4：将浆料与白水混合，制得混合浆料：按照DCS设置进行配浆，配浆浓度0.27％～0.32％，配浆时间15～25min；加入防水剂、湿强剂和干强剂等化学药品，搅拌均匀，防水剂为不含氟树脂，湿强剂是聚酰胺聚环氧氯丙烷树脂，干强剂是淀粉及其改性物，均为食品级产品；与绝干纸浆纤维的比例：防水剂0.8％～1.6％，干强剂0.6％～1.2％，湿强剂0.6％～1.2％。
步骤5：将混合浆料经管道运送至餐盒模塑成型机，经真空抽滤脱水制得全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒湿胚；真空度-0.03MPa～-0.035MPa抽吸负压下脱水15～20s，至含水率为65～75％。
步骤6：将湿胚进行脱水、热压定型、转移切边制成全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒制品，热压定型条件是：压强在50～70kg/cm2、温度为170～230℃、时间为20～40s。
下面实施例1-3采用以上的制备方法，可热压定型成一次性完全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒。
实施例1
本实施例采用的原料按照质量份数由白色竹浆40％、白水甘蔗浆60％组成。
本实施例中，防水剂、湿强剂和干强剂按绝干浆质量比例添加量为：0.5％、0.5％和0.5％。防水剂为不含氟树脂(德科纳米，LZ-XR88)，湿强剂是聚酰胺聚环氧氯丙烷树脂(杭化哈利玛，WS-1C)，干强剂是淀粉及其改性物(杭化哈利玛，HM-2800)。
本实施例：醋酸溶液浓度为2.5％，温度为80℃，壳聚糖：绝干浆＝2:100，搅拌时间为15分钟；聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒配置浓度为0.25mol/L，聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒对绝干浆＝2:100。所用的壳聚糖脱乙酰度85％，分子量为8×104Da，聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒粒径为300nm。
本实例的抗菌实验效果如下：
抗菌实验效果
| 样品名称 | 菌种 | 培养时间(h) | 抑菌圈直径(mm) |
| 本实例 | 大肠杆菌 | 12 | 20.4 |
| 空白对照样 | 大肠杆菌 | 12 | 0 |
实施例2
本实施例采用的原料按照质量份数由白色竹浆60％、白水甘蔗浆40％组成。
本实施例中，防水剂、湿强剂和干强剂按绝干浆质量比例添加量为：0.8％、0.5％和0.5％。防水剂为不含氟树脂(德科纳米，LZ-XR88)，湿强剂是聚酰胺聚环氧氯丙烷树脂(杭化哈利玛，WS-1C)，干强剂是淀粉及其改性物(杭化哈利玛，HM-2800)。
本实施例：醋酸溶液浓度为2.5％，温度为80℃，壳聚糖：绝干浆＝2:100，搅拌时间为15分钟；聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒配置浓度为0.25mol/L，聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒对绝干浆＝1.5:100。所用的壳聚糖脱乙酰度85％，分子量为8×104Da，聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒粒径为300nm。
抗菌实验效果
| 样品名称 | 菌种 | 培养时间(h) | 抑菌圈直径(mm) |
| 本实例 | 金黄色葡萄球菌 | 12 | 24.7 |
| 空白对照样 | 金黄色葡萄球菌 | 12 | 0 |
实施例3
本实施例采用的原料按照质量份数由白色竹浆70％、白水甘蔗浆30％组成。
本实施例中，防水剂、湿强剂和干强剂按绝干浆质量比例添加量为：1％、0.5％和0.5％。防水剂为不含氟树脂(德科纳米，LZ-XR88)，湿强剂是聚酰胺聚环氧氯丙烷树脂(杭化哈利玛，WS-1C)，干强剂是淀粉及其改性物(杭化哈利玛，HM-2800)。
本实施例：醋酸溶液浓度为2.5％，温度为80℃，壳聚糖：绝干浆＝2:100，搅拌时间为15分钟；聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒配置浓度为0.25mol/L，聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒对绝干浆＝1:100。所用的壳聚糖脱乙酰度85％，分子量为8×104Da，聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒粒径为300nm。
抗菌实验效果
| 样品名称 | 菌种 | 培养时间(h) | 抑菌圈直径(mm) |
| 本实例 | 大肠杆菌 | 24 | 17.2 |
| 空白对照样 | 大肠杆菌 | 24 | 0 |
以上实施例得到的纸浆模塑餐盒为绿色环保全降解材料，其废弃后可直接丢弃并自然降解成种植用土壤；或经破碎还原成种植用土壤进行复用或丢弃。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：将原料按配比计量，用水力碎浆机进行碎浆获得浆料，碎浆浓度为3.5％～4.0％；
步骤2：将处理好的浆料用双功能疏解机进行疏解，经过疏解机的切断、分丝、细纤维化，获得均匀的浆料；
步骤3：将壳聚糖溶液溶解于醋酸溶液后加入到浆料中，搅拌后用白水洗涤浆料；然后将聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒配置成溶液加入到浆料中，搅拌后用白水洗涤浆料；
步骤4：将浆料与白水混合，加入防水剂、湿强剂和干强剂等化学药品，搅拌均匀，制得混合浆料；
步骤5：将混合浆料经管道运送至餐盒模塑成型机，经真空抽滤脱水制得全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒湿胚；
步骤6：将湿胚进行脱水、热压定型、转移切边制成全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒制品。
2.如权利要求1所述的全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2中，所述的原料为白色甘蔗浆和白色竹浆按照30～40：60～70重量比例组成。
3.如权利要求1所述的全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2中，所获浆料质量：湿重14～17g，打浆度20～23°SR，粘度为60～70Pa·s。
4.如权利要求1所述的全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3中，所述的壳聚糖溶液对浆料重量为:壳聚糖：绝干浆＝1～2:100；聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒配置成浓度0.2～0.3mol/L的溶液后加入到浆料中，聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒对绝干浆重量＝1～2:100。
5.如权利要求1所述的全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒的制备方法，其特征在于：所用的壳聚糖脱乙酰度80％～90％，分子量为7×104～9×104Da；聚丙烯酸包覆的纳米银颗粒粒径为100～500nm。
6.如权利要求1所述的全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤4中，浆料与白水按照DCS设置进行配浆，配浆浓度0.27％～0.32％，配浆时间15～25min。
7.如权利要求1所述的全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤4中，所述的防水剂为不含氟树脂，湿强剂是聚酰胺聚环氧氯丙烷树脂，干强剂是淀粉及其改性物，均为食品级产品。
8.如权利要求1所述的全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒制备方法，其特征在于：纸浆模塑餐盒湿坯脱水处理，具体操作参数：真空度-0.03MPa～-0.035MPa抽吸负压下脱水15～20s，至含水率为65～75％。
9.如权利要求1所述的全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒制备方法，其特征在于：所述的热压定型条件是：压强在50～70kg/cm2、温度为170～230℃、时间为20～40s。
10.采用权利要求1-9任一所述的全降解无氟纸浆模塑餐盒制备方法得到的餐盒产品。
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