CN111363238A - 抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和用途，由以下重量份的原料制成：聚丙烯50‑80份、抗菌植物纤维粉10‑30份、抗氧剂0.5‑2份、光稳定剂0.5‑2份，乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺2‑5份，聚烯烃弹性体10‑20，聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐1‑5份。本发明还公开了一种抗菌型植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法，本发明采用含季胺盐的硅烷偶联剂一步法改性植物纤维，将含季胺官能化合物应用于天然植物纤维修饰中，赋予植物纤维良好的抗菌性能，然后抗菌型植物纤维与聚丙烯复合挤出制备出抗菌型植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料，利用植物纤维的抗菌性再配合模具皮纹可获得独特的表面感知效果和表观质量，在汽车内外饰、包装、餐具等领域有良好发展前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料领域，尤其涉及一种抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
自然界中广泛存在着细菌、病毒、真菌等致病的微生物。而这些外界的微生物很容易附着在物体表面，通过接触等途径进而进入人体引起疾病。而在南方等潮湿地区，由于纺织纤维的易吸水性，使得衣物不容易干燥，导致衣服容易发霉。因此部分纤维会增加抗菌剂以保证其抗菌性能，降低人感染和衣物发霉的概率。目前的方法通常是抗菌剂浸渍纤维，使得其具有抗菌性，但是这种方式抗菌剂很容易溶出，清洗几次后抗菌效果即几乎不会存在，即抗菌时效性较差。
植物纤维材料包括木材(硬木、软木)、禾本科类(如麦秆、玉米秸秆、稻秸秆、甘蔗渣)等植物，具有来源丰富、成本低廉、易加工、易染色及废弃物可完全降解等优点。据统计，我国每年可生成7亿多吨秸秆，200多万吨木屑，800万吨以上甘蔗渣，然而仅其中的一小部分得到利用，大部分被丢弃或者焚烧，不仅造成天然资源的浪费，而且造成一定程度的环境污染。植物纤维增强塑料复合材料是利用植物纤维作为增强体，以塑料为基体，应用植物纤维改性、塑料改性以及改善界面相容性等技术手段，把天然植物纤维、塑料与助剂一起熔融、混炼制成颗粒，再加工成型的一种新型复合材料。
由于植物纤维中存在大量极性的羟基基团，具有较强的表面化学极性和吸水性，纤维素纤维里的水分在热熔温度下转化为蒸气，也起到使热熔体发泡的作用。水蒸气和VOC使得材料发泡，形成无法控制的孔隙，显著地降低了最终产品的密度。当材料浸泡在水中时，水分就会填满这些空隙。水分是微生物生存的必须物质，因此吸收水分会加快霉菌生长，霉菌导致复合材料表面“长斑”，变色，当霉菌快速地侵蚀复合材料中纤维素纤维时，引起材料力学性能下降。侵蚀复合材料最常见的霉菌有曲霉菌、青霉菌、木霉菌、毛壳菌、黑霉菌等。因此，制备出抗菌性植物纤维增强聚合物材料具有重要研究意义。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明公开了一种抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法和用途。本发明采用含季胺盐的硅烷偶联剂一步法改性植物纤维，将含季胺官能化合物应用于天然植物纤维修饰中，赋予植物纤维良好的抗菌性能，然后抗菌型植物纤维与聚丙烯复合挤出制备出抗菌型植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料，利用植物纤维的抗菌性再配合模具皮纹可获得独特的表面感知效果和表观质量，在汽车内外饰、包装、餐具等领域有良好发展前景。
为达到上述技术效果，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、将天然植物纤维在碱性溶液中浸泡至润胀，然后清水清洗后冷冻干燥得到碱性溶液中浸泡后的天然植物纤维；
步骤二、将碱性溶液中浸泡后的天然植物纤维、硅烷基季胺盐单体和去离子水混合并调节pH值至4-7，搅拌并于25℃下反应1-24h得到硅烷偶联剂改性材料；碱性溶液中浸泡后的天然植物纤维、硅烷基季胺盐单体和去离子水的质量比为1-20：0.1-5：100；
步骤三、将抗菌植物纤维，聚丙烯、抗氧剂、光稳定剂、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、聚烯烃弹性体和相容剂进行共混,在170℃-200℃下熔融挤出，即制备得到抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料，其中，聚丙烯用量为50-80份、抗菌植物纤维粉10-30份、抗氧剂0.5-2份、光稳定剂0.5-2份，分散剂2-5份，聚烯烃弹性体10-20，相容剂1-5份。
进一步的改进，所述抗氧剂为三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯、四[甲基-β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]季戊四醇酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚中的一种或多种。
进一步的改进，所述光稳定剂为聚丁二酸(4―羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基―1―哌啶乙醇)酯，双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯中一种。
进一步的改进，所述硅烷基季胺盐单体为3-三甲氧基硅丙基氯化铵及其衍生物、3-三甲氧基硅丙基十八烷基二甲基氯化铵、-三甲氧基硅丙基-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵及其衍生物中的一种或多种。
进一步的改进，所述碱性溶液为氢氧化钠溶液，氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为5％-10％，浸泡时间为1-24h。
进一步的改进，所述步骤二中搅拌的方式为磁力搅拌。
进一步的改进，所述天然植物纤维包括麦秆、玉米秸秆、稻秸秆、甘蔗渣、木粉和茶叶秆。
上述抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法制得的抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料。
上述的抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料用于制作汽车内外饰、包装、餐具
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)、将天然植物纤维(稻秸秆)用浓度为2％氢氧化钠溶液浸泡10h时间后用纯水洗净，用冷冻干燥机烘干，称重。
(2)、将5g步骤(1)处理的天然植物纤维、1g的3-三甲氧基硅丙基氯化铵和20ml去离子水混合并调节pH值至4，磁力搅拌下并于25℃下反应3h得到硅烷偶联剂改性材料；
(3)、将步骤(2)制备的抗菌植物纤维，聚丙烯、三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯聚丁二酸(4―羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基―1―哌啶乙醇)酯、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、聚烯烃弹性体和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐进行共混,在170℃-200℃下熔融挤出，即制备得到抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料，其中，聚丙烯用量为80g、抗菌植物纤维粉10g、三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯1g、聚丁二酸(4―羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基―1―哌啶乙醇)酯1g，乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺2g，聚烯烃弹性体10g，聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐2g。
实施例2
(1)、将天然植物纤维(玉米秸秆)用浓度为5％氢氧化钠溶液浸泡5h时间后用纯水洗净，用冷冻干燥机烘干，称重。
(2)、将10g步骤(1)处理的天然植物纤维、3g的3-三甲氧基硅丙基十八烷基二甲基氯化铵和50ml去离子水混合并调节pH值至5，磁力搅拌下并于25℃下反应5h得到硅烷偶联剂改性材料；
(3)、将步骤(2)制备的抗菌植物纤维，聚丙烯、四[甲基-β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]季戊四醇酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、聚烯烃弹性体和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐进行共混,在170℃-200℃下熔融挤出，即制备得到抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料，其中，聚丙烯用量为70g、抗菌植物纤维粉20g、四[甲基-β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]季戊四醇酯2g、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯2g，乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺3g，聚烯烃弹性体10g，聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐3g。
对比例
将未改性植物纤维(玉米秸秆)、聚丙烯、聚丙烯、四[甲基-β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]季戊四醇酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、聚烯烃弹性体和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐进行共混,在170℃-200℃下熔融挤出。其中，聚丙烯用量为60g、植物纤维粉30g、聚丙烯、四[甲基-β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]季戊四醇酯2g、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯2g，乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺3g，聚烯烃弹性体5g，聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐3g。
上述实施例所得材料性能测试及抗菌结果如表1所示：
表1实施例和对比例的抗菌和材料性能比较表
由表1可知实施例1和实施例2的抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料按照抗菌性能和材料性能明显优于对比例。
上述仅为本发明的一个具体导向实施方式，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明的保护范围的行为。
Claims (9)
1.一种抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、将天然植物纤维在碱性溶液中浸泡至润胀，然后清水清洗后冷冻干燥得到碱性溶液中浸泡后的天然植物纤维；
步骤二、将碱性溶液中浸泡后的天然植物纤维、硅烷基季胺盐单体和去离子水混合并调节pH值至4-7，搅拌并于25℃下反应1-24h得到硅烷偶联剂改性材料；碱性溶液中浸泡后的天然植物纤维、硅烷基季胺盐单体和去离子水的质量比为1-20：0.1-5：100；
步骤三、将抗菌植物纤维，聚丙烯、抗氧剂、光稳定剂、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、聚烯烃弹性体和相容剂进行共混,在170℃-200℃下熔融挤出，即制备得到抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料，其中，聚丙烯用量为50-80份、抗菌植物纤维粉10-30份、抗氧剂0.5-2份、光稳定剂0.5-2份，分散剂2-5份，聚烯烃弹性体10-20，相容剂1-5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述抗氧剂为三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯、四[甲基-β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]季戊四醇酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚中的一种或多种。
3.如权利要求1所述的抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述光稳定剂为聚丁二酸(4―羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基―1―哌啶乙醇)酯，双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯中一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述硅烷基季胺盐单体为3-三甲氧基硅丙基氯化铵及其衍生物、3-三甲氧基硅丙基十八烷基二甲基氯化铵、-三甲氧基硅丙基-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵及其衍生物中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述碱性溶液为氢氧化钠溶液，氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为5％-10％，浸泡时间为1-24h。
6.如权利要求1所述的抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤二中搅拌的方式为磁力搅拌。
7.如权利要求1所述的抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述天然植物纤维包括麦秆、玉米秸秆、稻秸秆、甘蔗渣、木粉和茶叶秆。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一所述抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备方法制得的抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料。
9.权利要求1-7任一所述的抗菌植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料用于制作汽车内外饰、包装、餐具。
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