CN108289421B - 包含微原纤化多糖的地面覆盖护根物 - Google Patents
包含微原纤化多糖的地面覆盖护根物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108289421B CN108289421B CN201680069384.XA CN201680069384A CN108289421B CN 108289421 B CN108289421 B CN 108289421B CN 201680069384 A CN201680069384 A CN 201680069384A CN 108289421 B CN108289421 B CN 108289421B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mulch
- use according
- microfibrillated
- polysaccharide
- microfibrillated polysaccharide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
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- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 102100031260 Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase THEM4 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 244000000626 Daucus carota Species 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000875 Dissolving pulp Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 101000638510 Homo sapiens Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase THEM4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 2
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/30—Multi-ply
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/52—Mulches
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/18—Highly hydrated, swollen or fibrillatable fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
- D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
- D21H15/10—Composite fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/52—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/36—Biocidal agents, e.g. fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M13/00—Fumigators; Apparatus for distributing gases
- A01M13/006—Fumigators specially adapted for destruction of rats or similar animals in holes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
- D21H19/14—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12
- D21H19/34—Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group D21H19/12 comprising cellulose or derivatives thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
- D21H19/84—Paper comprising more than one coating on both sides of the substrate
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/28—Colorants ; Pigments or opacifying agents
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种护根物形式的地面覆盖物,其包含微原纤化多糖。还公开了其制造方法及其用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业并且特别是护根物(mulch,覆盖料、覆/护盖物)形式的地面覆盖物(ground cover),其包含微原纤化多糖。还公开了其制造方法及其用途。该覆盖物进一步是可堆肥和可生物降解的。
背景技术
目前常见的解决方案是在种植种子之前使用基于塑料的膜。这种塑料膜防止杂草生长、降低所需农药、杀真菌剂或除草剂的量、提高土壤的温度以及控制土壤的水分含量。在农业中使用护根物如所述那样主要是各种塑料膜和复合材料。使用这种膜还保护作物免受杂草侵害、杂草生长和昆虫等。防治有害物、疾病、昆虫、病原体、寄生虫和杂草的一种可能的方式是熏蒸土壤。然而,如果用防止熏蒸剂或熏蒸剂内的挥发性有机组分(VOC)的释放的塑料膜覆盖,则熏蒸通常更有效。其还能够使用较少的熏蒸剂,并且减少熏蒸剂的排放并使工作人员对熏蒸剂的暴露最小化。为此目的开发的大多数塑料不是可持续性的或不是由可持续材料(尽管是可生物降解的)制成。另一方面,基于纸的材料的使用是环境概念,但通常太多孔(渗透性过高,too porous)以至于不能改进熏蒸过程。
塑料的问题之一是农民在收获作物后不收回塑料膜。这就是为什么需要实施可生物降解和可持续的解决方案的原因之一。欧盟立法的变化似乎在不久的将来也倾向于可生物降解的替代物。
在JP2001-279106中公开了一种可以用于农业应用的包含纤维素微纤维的片材。然而,护根物没有被提及。
在WO2012101329中还公开了一种地面覆盖护根物,其包括形成幅材的含有植物纤维的纸浆以及木馏出物。木馏出物包括桦木馏出物。此外,该公开内容还涉及用于制造地面覆盖护根物的方法以及桦木馏出物在地面覆盖护根物应用中的用途。
基于纸的替代物面临生物降解能力和微生物侵害、机械强度和成本的问题。因此需要解决以上问题,并且仍然保持基于纸的覆盖所需的重要物理标准,例如高强度、弹性、受控微生物降解能力和成本有效的产品。还需要一种地面覆盖物,优选为护根物的形式,其提供保留熏蒸剂的效果。
总结背景技术表明,纸护根物已被使用。然而,纸或纤维素膜的工业使用通常受到成本、机械性能以及过快的生物降解能力的限制。
可以将各种组分添加到纸表面来调节和控制其性质,但通常会增加很多成本。因此需要解决一个或多个以上问题,例如缺乏保留熏蒸剂的效果以及相关问题,例如使对工作人员的暴露最小化。
本发明解决了基于可降解纸的护根物的问题,其还包括乏保留熏蒸剂的效果(熏蒸剂过多蒸发)。由于土壤中的湿润条件和高微生物含量,需要对生物基护根物如基于纸的护根物进行处理,以提供受控的降解速率。同时,纸护根物或生物膜应该是环境友好的并且具有一定的物理性质并且可耐水和耐风。因此需要一种改进的地面覆盖物,优选为护根物的形式,其还解决了保留熏蒸剂的效果的问题。现已出人意料地发现,通过使用微原纤化多糖,可以为覆盖物提供这类性质,以解决与基于纤维素的地面覆盖物(如护根物)有关的一个或更多个问题。
发明内容
因此,本发明通过根据第一方面提供一种地面覆盖护根物,提供保留熏蒸剂的效果,解决了一个或更多个以上问题,其包括热塑性材料或源自含有纤维的纸浆的、优选源自木质纤维素材料的纸基材,其已经形成幅材或形成片材或形成膜,其特征在于所述覆盖物还包括至少一个微原纤化多糖的层。因此,所述至少一层微原纤化多糖形成护根物的一部分,所述护根物还包括至少一种热塑性基材或一种纸基材。
根据本发明的第二方面还提供了一种用于制造根据本发明的第一方面的地面覆盖护根物的方法,条件是其基于纸基材,包括以下步骤:
a)提供源自含有纤维的纸浆的纤维悬浮体,优选源自木质纤维素材料,
b)任选地将一种或多种功能试剂以及任选地一种或多种填料添加到纤维悬浮体,
c)形成纸/板幅材基材或片材,以及
d)添加微原纤化多糖,如微原纤化纤维素(MFC),优选最后处于膜或涂层的形式,任选地接着干燥由此提供膜,从而提供护根物。所述“添加”可以通过涂布、表面施胶或层压来进行。涂布工艺的实例是刮刀涂布、膜压机表面施胶、泡沫涂布、幕涂、喷涂等。涂布可以在湿幅材或干幅材上进行。所述微原纤化多糖还可以在湿法成型(wet forming)工艺中作为顶层和/或背层添加,或者通过表面处理步骤或通过层压步骤添加。
根据本发明的第三方面还提供了一种用于制造根据第一方面的护根物的方法,条件是其基于热塑性材料,包括以下步骤:
e)提供包含热塑性材料或热塑性材料的组合的膜,以及
f)施用微原纤化多糖,如微原纤化纤维素(MFC),优选最后处于膜的形式,任选地接着干燥由此提供膜,从而提供护根物。该施用可以通过形成层压物来进行,这可涉及胶合的。
根据本发明的第四方面还提供了一种地面覆盖护根物,其可通过根据第二方面的方法获得。
根据本发明的第五方面还提供了根据第一方面的地面覆盖护根物在栽培中的用途。这还包括在农业和园艺中的用途。
具体实施方式
表述“纤维(fibre)”和“纤维(fiber)”在本说明书中可互换地使用,意指相同的事物。
在本说明书中提及的纸浆可以是化学纸浆、机械纸浆、热机械纸浆或化学(热)机械纸浆(CMP或CTMP)。所述化学纸浆优选为亚硫酸盐纸浆或牛皮纸浆。
纸浆可以由来自硬木、软木或这两种类型的纸浆组成。纸浆可以例如含有松树和云杉的混合物或桦树和云杉的混合物。可以用于本发明的化学纸浆包括所有类型的化学木基纸浆,如漂白的、半漂白和未漂白的亚硫酸盐纸浆、牛皮纸浆和苏打纸浆,以及这些的混合物。纸浆可以是溶解纸浆。纸浆还可以包含纺织物纤维。纸浆也可以来自农业(例如马铃薯、竹子或胡萝卜)。纸浆还可以是所谓的纳米纸浆(微原纤化纤维素、纳米纤维素、原纤化再生纤维素或其改性形式如TEMPO或羧甲基化纸浆)。纸浆还可以是回收纸浆、废纸、残渣(sludge)。在本发明的上下文中,所述纸浆类型的组合也是可能的。纸浆还可以含有合成纤维或生物纤维如PLA(聚乳酸)。
在整个本说明书中,表述“微原纤化多糖”旨在包括任何类型的微原纤化纤维素,如微原纤维化纤维素纤维(纤维素材料)。纤维素还可以是微原纤化纤维素(MFC,其为优选的)或纳米纤维素、纳米原纤化纤维素(NFC)或纤维素纳米原纤维(CNF)。微原纤化纤维素可以是漂白的或未漂白的。纤维素还可以是纳米晶纤维素(NCC)或微晶纤维素(MCC)。
微原纤化纤维素或纳米纤维素还可以是改性形式,其还包括化学改性形式,如TEMPO氧化的或羧甲基化的纳米纤维素。还包括为了实现疏水性质和/或改进的气体阻隔(熏剂剂)性质的其他改性,如化学或物理改性。
纤维素可以源自纸浆,其可以是化学纸浆、机械纸浆、热机械纸浆或化学(热)机械纸浆(CMP或CTMP)。所述化学纸浆优选为亚硫酸盐纸浆或牛皮纸浆。在微原纤化纤维素中,单独的微原纤维彼此部分或完全分离。在该定义中,我们还包括一个高品质的MFC,其中大部分初级(基本的,elementary)纳米原纤维已经从纤维或微原纤化聚集体中被释放。MFC可以用不同的方式制造,例如在存在或不存在水解步骤或化学改性的情况下机械处理纸浆。典型的水解通过使用酶法或其他溶胀剂来进行。因此,能量有效的解决方案是通过将例如化学和机械处理步骤组合。
在根据第一方面的方法中最初使用的纸浆可以由来自硬木、软木或这两种类型的纸浆组成。纸浆可以例如含有松树和云杉的混合物或桦树和云杉的混合物。可以用于本发明的化学纸浆包括所有类型的化学木基纸浆,如漂白的、半漂白和未漂白的亚硫酸盐纸浆、牛皮纸浆和苏打纸浆,以及这些的混合物。纸浆可以是溶解纸浆类型。纸浆还可以包含纺织物纤维。纸浆也可以来自农业(例如马铃薯、竹子或胡萝卜)。
微原纤化纤维素原纤维的直径通常非常薄(例如~20nm),并且长度通常在100nm至10μm之间。初级原纤维为约3-5nm。然而,微原纤维还可以更长,例如在10-200μm之间,但由于长度分布较宽,可以发现甚至为2000μm的长度。MFC定义中还包括已经原纤化并且表面上具有微原纤维的纤维,以及被分离的且位于浆料水相中的微原纤维。此外,晶须也包括在MFC定义中。
微原纤化纤维素通常由木质纤维素纤维制成,如所述地,可以使用硬木和软木纤维两者。其还可以由微生物来源,农业纤维如麦草浆、竹子或其他非木纤维来源制成。当制造CMC时,其还可以由细菌产生或以副产物(主要包括可具有低DS(即低取代度)的晶须或结晶部分)的形式同时制成。
在整个本说明书中,表述“热塑性材料(thermoplastic)”旨在包括任何可用于制造地面覆盖物(如护根物)的情况中的热塑性聚合物(其可以是化石来源的)。所述聚合物可以是,但不限于,丙烯酸酯如PMMA,PP(聚丙烯),PE(聚乙烯)如HDPE(高密度PE),MDPE(中密度PE),LDPE(低密度PE),PA(聚酰胺)如尼龙,PS(聚苯乙烯),聚氯乙烯(PVC),聚砜,醚酮或聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。PE可进一步是经交联的(PEX)。其还可以是包含两种或更多种所述聚合物的共聚物或包含两种或更多种所述聚合物的混合物。优选地,使用PP(聚丙烯)或PE(聚乙烯)。
根据本发明的第一方面的另一个优选的实施方案,微原纤丝化多糖作为膜存在于护根物的一侧或两侧之上,优选当使用时存在于面向土壤的一侧之上。该膜还可以包含由树获得的其他生物活性化学品,例如各种木质素衍生物、半纤维素等。微原纤化多糖膜可以包含各种类型的“MFC品种”。例如,其可以包含粗MFC,和TEMPO氧化的MFC,或MFC和CNC或其组合。该膜还可以包含其他添加剂,如防水剂(蜡、AKD、ASA、树脂等)或改进气体阻隔性质的化学品(PVA、CMC、淀粉、纳米颜料等)。
根据本发明的第一方面的另一个优选的实施方案,微原纤化多糖以夹心结构存在,优选地在使用纸基材时。
根据本发明的第一方面的另一个优选的实施方案,所述护根物还含有一种或多种填料。所述填料可以是黑色填料,优选炭黑,最优选与选自碳酸钙、滑石、高岭土、沉淀碳酸盐、二氧化硅、飞灰和氧化铝或其组合的填料组合。可以将填料添加到湿部或通过表面处理步骤或两者添加。
根据本发明的第一方面的另一个优选的实施方案,所述护根物包含一种或多种功能试剂,例如一种或多种着色剂和/或一种或多种性能化学品。性能化学品可以优选选自:强度添加剂、疏水性试剂和助留化学品或其组合。着色剂可以优选包括一种或多种UV吸收剂。该表述还包括在白天吸收辐射并在夜晚缓慢释放的化学品。UV吸收剂还可以是光合作用的刺激物。
根据本发明的第一方面的另一个优选的实施方案,所述护根物包含一种或多种杀生物剂、农药、杀真菌剂和/或营养物。杀生物剂可以是杀真菌剂或杀细菌剂或其组合。
根据本发明的第一方面的另一个优选的实施方案,所述护根物包含源自非化石来源的炭黑,优选源自非化石来源的有机废物残渣或生物质。炭黑可以优选源自木质素。
根据本发明的第二方面的方法的另一个优选的实施方案,该形成用干铺或湿铺工艺进行,优选湿铺工艺。其还可以包括多层(multiply,多重)形成技术。
根据本发明的第二方面的方法的另一个优选的实施方案,步骤b)、c)和任选地d)在纸/板生产线的湿部进行。
根据本发明的第二方面的方法的另一个优选的实施方案,步骤b)还包括添加一种或多种杀生物剂和/或营养物。
如所述已经发现的,通过在护根物(优选纸但不限于此)上施用薄微原纤化多糖(优选MFC)膜,可以改善土壤熏蒸。与土壤接触的微原纤化多糖(优选MFC)膜也能够保留熏蒸剂并且还为土壤提供保水性。根据本发明的第一方面的护根物进一步提供了具有良好气体阻隔性的层压结构,其然后允许较少的熏蒸剂蒸发到环境中。另外一个好处还在于其使对工作人员的暴露最小化,但其仍将熏蒸剂浓缩到土壤表面。包含微原纤化多糖的层,优选为膜的形式,还可以提供临时阻隔(屏障)。该层还可以包括其他结构,例如可能提供相似效果的PLA-MFC或PE-MFC。
根据本发明的第一方面的护根物可以进一步对温室环境显著地有益,以在冬季改进保温且在夏季改进冷却。
本发明的每个方面的优选的特征对于其他方面中的每一个均作了必要的修改。本文提及的现有技术文件在法律允许的最大程度上被并入。
鉴于本发明的以上详细描述,其他修改和变化对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。然而,显而易见的是,可以在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下进行这类其他修改和变化。
Claims (36)
1.地面覆盖护根物用于在栽培中提供保留熏蒸剂的效果的用途,其中所述地面覆盖护根物包括热塑性材料或源自含有纤维的纸浆的纸基材,其已经形成幅材或形成片材或形成膜,其特征在于所述地面覆盖护根物还包括至少一个微原纤化多糖的层,其中所述地面覆盖护根物包含一种或多种营养物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述纸基材为源自木质纤维素材料的纸基材。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中微原纤丝化多糖作为膜或涂层存在于护根物的一侧或两侧之上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其中当使用时,微原纤丝化多糖作为膜或涂层存在于面向土壤的一侧之上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中微原纤化多糖以夹心结构存在。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其中在使用纸基材时微原纤化多糖以夹心结构存在。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中微原纤化多糖是微原纤化纤维素。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述地面覆盖护根物还含有一种或多种填料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其中填料是黑色填料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其中填料为炭黑。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用途,其中填料为炭黑,其与选自碳酸钙、滑石、高岭土、沉淀碳酸盐、二氧化硅、飞灰和氧化铝或其组合的填料组合。
12.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述地面覆盖护根物还包含一种或多种功能试剂。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用途,其中所述一种或多种功能试剂为一种或多种着色剂和/或一种或多种性能化学品。
14.根据权利要求13所述的用途,其中性能化学品选自:强度添加剂、疏水性试剂和助留化学品或其组合。
15.根据权利要求13所述的用途,其中着色剂包括一种或多种UV吸收剂。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用途,其中所述地面覆盖护根物还包含一种或多种杀生物剂。
17.根据权利要求10所述的用途,其中炭黑源自非化石来源。
18.根据权利要求17所述的用途,其中炭黑源自非化石来源的有机废物残渣或生物质。
19.用于制造根据前述权利要求1-18中任一项的用于在栽培中提供保留熏蒸剂的效果的护根物的方法,条件是其基于纸基材,包括以下步骤:
a)提供源自含有纤维的纸浆的纤维悬浮体,
c)形成纸/板幅材基材或片材,以及
d)添加微原纤化多糖,从而提供护根物。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述方法包括步骤b)将一种或多种功能试剂添加到纤维悬浮体。
21.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述方法包括步骤b)将一种或多种填料添加到纤维悬浮体。
22.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述方法包括步骤b)将一种或多种功能试剂以及一种或多种填料添加到纤维悬浮体。
23.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中步骤d)包括添加微原纤化多糖,接着干燥,从而提供护根物。
24.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述纤维悬浮体源自木质纤维素材料。
25.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述微原纤化多糖为微原纤化纤维素。
26.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述微原纤化多糖最后处于膜的形式。
27.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述形成用干铺或湿铺工艺进行。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述形成用湿铺工艺进行。
29.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中步骤b)和c)在纸/板生产线的湿部进行。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中步骤b)、c)和d)在纸/板生产线的湿部进行。
31.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中步骤b)还包括添加一种或多种杀生物剂。
32.用于制造根据前述权利要求1-18中任一项所述的用于在栽培中提供保留熏蒸剂的效果的护根物的方法,条件是其基于热塑性材料,包括以下步骤:
e)提供包含热塑性材料或热塑性材料的组合的膜,以及
f)施用微原纤化多糖,从而提供护根物。
33.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中步骤f)包括施用微原纤化多糖,接着干燥,从而提供护根物。
34.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中所述微原纤化多糖为微原纤化纤维素。
35.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中所述微原纤化多糖最后处于膜的形式。
36.一种用于在栽培中提供保留熏蒸剂的效果的地面覆盖护根物,其可通过如权利要求19-35中任一项所述的方法获得。
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SE1551542-2 | 2015-11-27 | ||
SE1551542A SE540274C2 (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | A ground cover mulch comprising a microfibrillated polysaccharide |
PCT/IB2016/057129 WO2017090000A1 (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2016-11-25 | A ground cover mulch comprising a microfibrillated polysaccharide |
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CN108289421A CN108289421A (zh) | 2018-07-17 |
CN108289421B true CN108289421B (zh) | 2021-10-15 |
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US (1) | US20180355248A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3379921A4 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN108289421B (zh) |
SE (1) | SE540274C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2017090000A1 (zh) |
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US10731297B2 (en) | 2015-10-26 | 2020-08-04 | Dupont Industrial Biosciences Usa, Llc | Water insoluble alpha-(1,3-glucan) composition |
EP3645644B1 (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2024-02-14 | Domtar Paper Company, LLC | Light-selective mulch |
US11801062B2 (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2023-10-31 | Orthosoft Ulc | Systems and methods for co-operative control of robotically-positioned surgical instruments |
CN111733627B (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2023-05-02 | 东北农业大学 | 一种小麦秸秆纤维基防虫型烟用全降解地膜及其制造方法 |
US20220331849A1 (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-10-20 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Method for preventing the diffusion of soil fumigant |
CN114214073B (zh) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-07-26 | 江西润垚生物科技有限公司 | 一种固态微生物土壤修复剂及其制备方法 |
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- 2016-11-25 EP EP16868124.5A patent/EP3379921A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-11-25 CN CN201680069384.XA patent/CN108289421B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP3379921A4 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
SE540274C2 (en) | 2018-05-22 |
US20180355248A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
SE1551542A1 (en) | 2017-05-28 |
EP3379921A1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
CN108289421A (zh) | 2018-07-17 |
WO2017090000A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
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