CN111635616A - 无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物、印刷电路用预浸料及覆金属层压板 - Google Patents

无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物、印刷电路用预浸料及覆金属层压板 Download PDF

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CN111635616A
CN111635616A CN201910159731.3A CN201910159731A CN111635616A CN 111635616 A CN111635616 A CN 111635616A CN 201910159731 A CN201910159731 A CN 201910159731A CN 111635616 A CN111635616 A CN 111635616A
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halogen
resin composition
thermosetting resin
free flame
retardant thermosetting
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CN201910159731.3A
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CN111635616B (zh
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潘子洲
方克洪
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Shengyi Technology Co Ltd
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Shengyi Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910159731.3A priority Critical patent/CN111635616B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/079887 priority patent/WO2020177167A1/zh
Priority to JP2019101581A priority patent/JP7198156B2/ja
Priority to TW108119163A priority patent/TWI706997B/zh
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Abstract

本公开提供无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物、印刷电路用预浸料及覆金属层压板。所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物包含:改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物;苯并噁嗪树脂;含磷环氧树脂;酸酐类化合物;和固化促进剂。通过使用无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物,制得的覆金属层压板可以至少具有粘结性好,高耐热性、高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、阻燃性、低介电常数与损耗等特性中的一个。

Description

无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物、印刷电路用预浸料及覆金属层 压板
技术领域
本公开涉及印制电路板技术领域。具体地,本公开涉及一种无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物、印刷电路用预浸料及覆金属层压板。
背景技术
覆金属层压板是将电子玻璃纤维布或其它增强材料浸以树脂液,一面或双面覆以金属箔并经热压而制成的一种板状材料,被称为覆金属箔层压板,简称为覆金属层压板或覆金属板,例如覆铜层压板或覆铜板(Copper Clad Laminate,CCL)。覆金属层压板如覆铜板是制造印制电路板(Printed Circuit Board,简称PCB)的基层压板料,PCB是电子工业的重要部件之一。几乎每种电子设备,小到电子手表、计算器,大到计算机,通讯电子设备,军用武器系统,只要有集成电路等电子元器件,为了它们之间的电气互连,都要使用印制板。覆金属层压板在整个印制电路板上,主要担负着导电、绝缘和支撑三个方面的功能。
随着电子技术的快速进步,无线通讯与网络正深入到社会每个角落,为应对人们对信息获取的快响应与大容量的需求,通信设备、基站、服务器、路由器等的网络基础设施、大型计算机等的信号传输在不断向高速化及大容量化发展。随之,要求搭载在这些电子设备的印制线路板具备高频传输、低传输损耗的特性,而对应基板材料则需要有低的介电常数与低介电损耗角正切。另外,由于电子信息设备的高性能及小型化,其PCB的线路日趋高密度与高多层化,从而要求板材具有较高的回流焊耐热性、通孔可靠性,反映到材料性能指标上,要求玻璃化转变温度在190℃以上、甚至更高;热膨胀率更低,Tg以下Z轴CTE在45ppm/℃以下、甚至在40ppm/℃以下;而考虑到环境保护问题,此类型产品发展最终趋势走向无卤化发展。
以往,作为要求低传送损失的印制线路板所使用的树脂组合物,在专利CN103131131A,披露了有采用苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物配合环氧树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂的做法,但所制成的板材玻璃化温度只有170℃,热膨胀系数(CTE)大,另外,板材吸水性大,多层板的耐热性不佳。在CN201510106304中,以胺改性的双马来酰亚胺、苯并噁嗪树脂以及环氧树脂的组合,利用双马来酰亚胺的优点,可得到高玻璃化温度、低CTE的效果,但板材的介电常数偏高,不利于高频下的PCB中信号传输。
发明内容
本公开的一个目的在于提供一种无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物、通过用增强材料如玻璃纤维布(简称玻纤布)浸润所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物得到的印刷电路用预浸料及以及包含所述印刷电路用预浸料的覆金属层压板,使得覆金属层压板至少具有粘结性好,高耐热性、高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、阻燃性、低介电常数与损耗等特性中的一个。
本公开的另一个目的在于提供一种包含所述印刷电路用预浸料的绝缘板和包含所述印刷电路用预浸料、所述绝缘板或所述覆金属层压板的印制电路板,其中所述绝缘板或覆金属层压板具有粘结性好,高耐热性、高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、阻燃性、低介电常数与损耗等特性中的一个。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
第一方面,本公开提供了一种无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物,所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物包含如下组分:改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物、苯并噁嗪树脂、含磷环氧树脂、酸酐类化合物、固化促进剂。
具体地,本公开提供了一种无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物,所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物包含:
改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物:10至50重量份;
苯并噁嗪树脂:5至50重量份;
含磷环氧树脂:30至90重量份;
酸酐类化合物:10至50重量份;和
固化促进剂:0.01至1重量份,
其中所述改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物由分子结构中具有至少两个N-取代马来酰亚胺基的马来酰亚胺、芳香二胺及含羟基芳香胺预聚而成。
第二方面,本发明提供了一种树脂胶液,所述树脂胶液包含:如第一方面所述的热固性树脂组合物和溶剂。
第三方面,本发明提供了一种印刷电路用预浸料,所述印刷电路用预浸料包括增强材料及通过浸润干燥后附着在其上的如第一方面所述的无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物。
第四方面,本发明提供了一种绝缘板,所述绝缘板含有如第三方面所述的印刷电路用预浸料。
第五方面,本发明提供了一种覆金属层压板,所述覆金属层压板包括如第三方面所述的印刷电路用预浸料和覆于所述预浸料外侧的一侧或两侧的金属箔。
第六方面,本发明提供了一种印制电路板,所述印制电路板包含:至少一张如第三方面所述的印刷电路用预浸料,或如第四方面所述的绝缘板,或如第五方面所述的覆金属层压板。
根据本公开,①无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物中含有改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物,利用固化后双马来酰亚胺具有高刚性分子链的特点,可带来较高的Tg及耐热性,同时活性的酚羟基能与环氧树脂反应,从而带来更高的韧性与粘结性;②该无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物中含有含磷环氧树脂,不仅提供较好的粘结性,而且还带来阻燃效果;③该无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物中含有酸酐类化合物,能给体系带来较好的介电性能。另外,优选地,④该无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物中含有无机填料,可大大降低无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物的膨胀系数,同时亦可降低成本和提升难燃性。因此使用该组合物制成的适用于无卤高多层的覆铜箔层压板,具有粘结性好,高耐热性、高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、阻燃性、低介电常数与损耗等特性。
因此,根据本公开,可以提供一种无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物、通过用增强材料浸润所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物得到的印刷电路用预浸料及包含所述印刷电路用预浸料的覆金属层压板或绝缘板,以及包含所述印刷电路用预浸料、所述绝缘板或所述覆金属层压板的印制电路板,使得覆金属层压板可以至少具有粘结性好,高耐热性、高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、阻燃性、低介电常数与损耗等特性中的一个,优选具有上述特性中的至少两个,并且更优选具有上述特性中的全部。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开的具体实施方案,对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施方案和/或实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施方案和/或实施例,而不是全部的实施方案和/或实施例。基于本公开中的实施方案和/或实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方案和/或所有其他实施例,都属于本公开保护的范围。
本公开中,所有数值特征都指在测量的误差范围之内,例如在所限定的数值的±10%之内,或±5%之内,或±1%之内。
本公开所述的“包含”、“包括”或“含有”,意指其除所述组份外,还可以具有其他组份,这些其他组份赋予所述预浸料不同的特性。除此之外,本公开所述的“包含”、“包括”或“含有”,还可以包括“基本上由......组成”,并且可以替换为“为”或“由......组成”。
在本公开中,如果没有具体指明,量、比例等是按重量计的。
对于本公开而言,术语“无卤阻燃”表示本公开的组合物不含有有意添加的含卤素阻燃剂。
如上所述,本公开可以提供一种无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物,所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物包含:
改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物:10至50重量份;
苯并噁嗪树脂:5至50重量份;
含磷环氧树脂:30至90重量份;
酸酐类化合物:10至50重量份;和
固化促进剂:0.01至1重量份,
其中所述改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物由分子结构中具有至少两个N-取代马来酰亚胺基的马来酰亚胺、芳香二胺及含羟基芳香胺预聚而成。
改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物
如上所述,所述改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物可以由分子结构中具有至少两个N-取代马来酰亚胺基的马来酰亚胺、芳香二胺及含羟基芳香胺预聚而成。
分子结构中具有至少两个N-取代马来酰亚胺基的马来酰亚胺的实例可以由下式(I)或(II)表示:
Figure BDA0001982672960000051
其中R为
Figure BDA0001982672960000052
Figure BDA0001982672960000053
R1和R2各自独立地为H或C1至C4的烷基;II式中n为1至8的整数。
所述含羟基芳香胺可以选自下列中的一项或任何两项或更多项的组合:
Figure BDA0001982672960000054
其中R1和R2各自独立地为H或C1至C4的烷基。
C1至C4的烷基的实例可以包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基和叔丁基。
在本公开中,对取代基R1和R2的取代位置没有限定。例如,在一个苯环具有一个取代基R1或R2的情况下,取代基R1或R2可以位于任何可能的位置。在一个苯环具有两个取代基R1和R2的情况下,取代基R1和R2可以位于任何可能的位置,并且相互可以处于邻位、间位或对位。对于萘环的情况,也适用。
所述芳香二胺可以为具有2个以上且4个以下芳环的芳香二胺。所述芳香二胺的实例可以选自下列中的一项或任何两项或更多项的组合:4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯丙烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯基醚、4,4′-二氨基二苯砜、3,3′-二氨基二苯砜、1,5-二氨基萘、2,6-二氨基萘、4,4′-二氨基-3,3′-二乙基-5,5′-二甲基二苯基甲烷、4,4’-二氨基-3,3’-二甲基-5,5’-二乙基二苯甲烷、4,4′-二氨基-3,3′-二乙基二苯基甲烷和4,4′-二氨基-3,3′,5,5′-四乙基二苯基甲烷、4,4-二氨基联苯、4-二氨基苯甲醚、3,3′-二甲氧基联苯胺或3,3′-二甲基联苯胺。
所述改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物可以按以下预聚方法制备得到:将分子结构中具有至少两个N-取代马来酰亚胺基的马来酰亚胺、含羟基芳香胺、芳香二胺和有机溶剂按比例混合,在逐步升温加热和搅拌下形成溶液,通氮气气氛和继续搅拌,并保持反应温度在约100至150℃回流反应,反应时间为约0.5至8h,反应完成后,停止加热和冷却,得到含胺基和酚羟基结构的改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物溶液。
在所述改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物中,衍生自所述分子结构中具有至少两个N-取代马来酰亚胺基的马来酰亚胺的结构单元、衍生自所述芳香二胺的结构单元及衍生自的所述含羟基芳香胺的重量比为约(6至12)∶(0.5至3)∶(0.5至3)。
所述改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物的分子量为约500至2500,优选分子量的下限为600、750、900、1000或1200。通过控制投料重量比来控制预聚反应封端,得到所述改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物。分子量小于约500时,无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物的流动性变大,会导致覆金属层压板的厚度均匀性变差。分子量超过约2500时,会导致预浸料浸润性变差,降低绝缘层、覆金属层压板或印刷线路板的绝缘可靠性。分子量可以按照GB/T21863-2008凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)用四氢呋喃做淋洗液所规定的测试方法进行测量。
苯并噁嗪树脂
所述苯并噁嗪树脂的实例可以包括双酚A型苯并噁嗪树脂、双酚F型苯并噁嗪树脂、二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂、酚酞型苯并噁嗪树脂、双环戊二烯型苯并噁嗪树脂或双酚芴型苯并噁嗪树脂中的任意一种或者至少两种的混合物,优选包括双酚F型苯并噁嗪树脂、二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂、酚酞型苯并噁嗪树脂或双酚芴型苯并噁嗪树脂中的任意一种或者至少两种的混合物。
在本发明中,苯并噁嗪起到固化剂的作用,其在高温下会开环产生羟基,羟基可与改性双马来酰亚胺及环氧树脂反应形成交联网络,可赋予相应固化物的良好的综合性能。
含磷环树脂
所述含磷环树脂的实例可以选自:含有9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、10-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧化物或10-(2,5-二羟基萘基)-10-氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物结构的多官能环氧树脂中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物。
所述含磷环树脂的分子量为约800至2500。分子量可以按照GB/T21863-2008凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)用四氢呋喃做淋洗液所规定的测试方法进行测量。
根据本公开,在无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物中,除了含磷环氧树脂之外,还可以包含其他的多官能环氧树脂,以进一步提升树脂组合物的交联密度,提高Tg,可列举的其他的多官能环氧树脂的实例包括苯酚酚醛型环氧树脂、甲酚酚醛型环氧树脂、双酚A酚醛型环氧树脂、苯酚芳烷基型环氧树脂、萘酚酚醛型环氧树脂、萘酚芳烷基型环氧树脂等含萘骨架型环氧树脂、联苯芳烷基型环氧树脂、二环戊二烯型环氧树脂、二氢蒽型环氧树脂等。它们可以单独使用1种,也可以并用2种以上。从高频特性、耐热性、热膨胀特性及阻燃性的观点出发,优选使用含萘骨架型、联苯与芳烷基型环氧树脂。
酸酐类化合物
所述酸酐类化合物包含分子结构中含有不少于两个酸酐基团的化合物。
所述酸酐类化合物的实例可以选自苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物,苯丙烯-马来酸酐共聚物,3,3’,4,4’-二苯醚四酸二酐,2,3,3′,4′-二苯醚四甲酸二酐,3,3′,4,4′-联苯四甲酸二酐,2,3,3′,4′-联苯四甲酸二酐,3,3’,4,4’-二苯酮四酸二酐或1,2,4,5-均苯四酸二酐中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物。
苯乙烯-马来酸酐与苯丙烯-马来酸酐共聚物中,苯乙烯或苯丙烯和马来酸酐的共聚比按摩尔计可以为约1∶10至10∶1,优选约1∶5至5∶1,更优选约1∶2至2∶1。
固化促进剂
固化促进剂的实例为叔胺、咪唑类、4-二甲氨基吡啶、三苯基膦或三氟化硼单乙胺的任意一种或者至少两种的混合物。
叔胺的实例可以包括三乙胺、苄基二甲胺、2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚及其盐。
咪唑类的实例可以包括2-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-苄基-2-甲基咪唑、1-苄基-2-苯基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-甲基咪唑和1-氰乙基-2-苯基咪唑。
所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物还可以包含无机填料。
所述无机填料占所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物总重量的30%至70%。
所述无机填料选自:二氧化硅、软性玻璃粉、滑石粉、高岭土、云母粉、勃母石、水滑石、硼酸锌、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、氧化铝、氮化硼、氮化铝、硫酸钡或硅灰石中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物。所述二氧化硅为球型二氧化硅、熔融二氧化硅或结晶二氧化硅中的任意一种或者至少两种的混合物。
对无机填料的粒径有一定的限制,使用粒径优选为约0.01至30μm、更优选为约0.1至15μm的无机填料。
无机填料的粒径小于约0.01μm时,无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物的流动性下降,因此,制作预浸料及覆金属层压板时的成型性变差,容易产生空隙等,或其表面积变大,因此,金属和树脂的粘接面积减少,会导致印刷线路板的剥离强度下降,因此不优选。另一方面,粒径超过约30μm时,会导致印刷线路板的配线间或绝缘层的绝缘可靠性下降,因此不优选。
在本公开中,为了进一步提高阻燃效果,还可以引入其他含磷结构的阻燃剂,如含磷酚醛、磷腈化合物、聚磷酸铵、三(2-羧乙基)膦、三(异丙基氯)磷酸盐、三甲基磷酸盐、二甲基-甲基磷酸盐、间苯二酚双二甲苯基磷酸盐、聚磷酸三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯或三-羟乙基异氰尿酸酯中的任意一种或者至少两种的组合。
在含有其他含磷结构的阻燃剂的情况下,其他含磷结构的阻燃剂在无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物中的含量可以为约1至60重量%,优选为约2至40重量%。
无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物还可以包含溶剂。溶剂的实例可以选自丙酮、丁酮、环已酮、N、N-二甲基甲酰胺、N、N-二甲基乙酰胺、乙二醇甲醚、丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、二甲基砜中的一种或几种的混合物。在含有溶剂的情况下,溶剂在无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物中的含量可以为10-99.5重量%,优选约20-99重量%。
包含溶剂的无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物在本公开中可以称为树脂胶液。树脂胶液可以通过将上面所述的无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物溶解或分散在溶剂中得到。
另外,无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物还可以还含有各种助剂。作为助剂的具体例,可以举出填料分散剂、消泡剂、抗氧剂、热稳定剂、抗静电剂、紫外线吸收剂、颜料、着色剂、润滑剂等。这些助剂可以单独使用,也可以任何两种或者更两种混合使用。
本公开的无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物可以通过公知的方法如配合、搅拌、混合改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物、苯并噁嗪树脂、含磷环氧树脂、酸酐类化合物和固化促进剂;以及任选的溶剂、填料、阻燃剂、分散剂、消泡剂、抗氧剂、热稳定剂、抗静电剂、紫外线吸收剂、颜料、着色剂和润滑剂中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物来制备。
通过机械搅拌、乳化或球磨分散,将无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物配制成树脂胶液,然后采用该树脂胶液浸润增强材料,经烘干得预浸料。将该预浸料和金属箔如铜箔或铝箔在真空压机中热压可以制备覆金属层压板。
增强材料的实例可以包括:玻璃纤维布、玻纤无纺布以及有机无纺布等。
为了降低树脂胶液的粘度,可以在加热下进行浸润。进行加热使得树脂胶液的温度小于所用溶剂的沸点,优选浸润时树脂胶液的温度为约20-90℃,进一步优选约25-55℃。
在另一方面,本公开还可以提供一种印刷电路用预浸料,所述印刷电路用预浸料包括增强材料及通过浸润干燥后附着在其上的上面中任何一项所述的无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物。
在再一方面,本公开还可以提供一种绝缘板或覆金属层压板,所述绝缘板或覆金属层压板含有至少一张如上面所述的印刷电路用预浸料。例如,所述覆金属层压板可以包括至少一张上面所述的印刷电路用预浸料和覆于所述预浸料外侧的一侧或两侧的金属箔。
在又一方面,本公开还可以提供一种印制电路板,所述印制电路板包含:至少一张如上面所述的印刷电路用预浸料,或至少一张如上面所述的绝缘板,或至少一张如上面所述的覆金属层压板。
根据本公开,可以提供一种无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物、通过用增强材料浸润所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物得到的印刷电路用预浸料及包含所述印刷电路用预浸料的覆金属层压板或绝缘板,以及包含所述印刷电路用预浸料、所述绝缘板或所述覆金属层压板的印制电路板,使得覆金属层压板可以至少具有粘结性好,高耐热性、高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、阻燃性、低介电常数与损耗等特性中的一个。
实施例
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本公开的技术方案。但是,这些实施例是为了举例说明本公开,而不应当理解为限制本公开。
制备实施例
改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物的制备
(1)预聚物A-1的制备
将4,4′-双马来酰亚胺二苯甲烷、间氨基苯酚与4,4’-二氨基-3,3’-二甲基-5,5’-二乙基二苯甲烷按重量比10∶1∶1(即:4,4′-双马来酰亚胺二苯甲烷10重量份,间氨基苯酚1重量份,并且4,4’-二氨基-3,3’-二甲基-5,5’-二乙基二苯甲烷1重量份)投料,将其加入三口烧瓶中,再加入12重量份二甲基甲酰胺溶剂搅拌分散,通氮气,边搅拌边逐步升温进一步溶解,并将温度保持在150℃,回流反应4小时,之后冷却,得到改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物A-1的溶液,溶液颜色为棕黑色,溶液的固体含量为50%,溶液粘度为52.5cP。
粘度采用LVDV-E型号的数显粘度计测试,测试时将溶液充满锥盘,继续增加溶液直至转子液面标志(转子杆上的凹槽)和溶液液面成一平面。
按照GB/T 21863-2008凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)用四氢呋喃做淋洗液所规定的测试方法测量,A-1的分子量为500至2500。
(2)预聚物A-2的制备
将4,4′-双马来酰亚胺二苯甲烷、4-氨基萘酚与4,4′-二氨基二苯砜按重量比10∶1∶1(即:4,4′-双马来酰亚胺二苯甲烷10重量份,4-氨基萘酚1重量份,并且4,4′-二氨基二苯砜1重量份)投料,将其加入三口烧瓶中,再加入12重量份的二甲基甲酰胺溶剂搅拌分散,通氮气,边搅拌边逐步升温进一步溶解,并将温度保持在150℃,回流反应4小时,之后冷却,得到改性双马来酰亚胺A-2的溶液,溶液颜色为棕黑色,溶液的固体含量为50%,溶液粘度为55.4cP。
粘度采用LVDV-E型号的数显粘度计测试,测试时将溶液充满锥盘,继续增加溶液直至转子液面标志(转子杆上的凹槽)和溶液液面成一平面。
按照GB/T 21863-2008凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)用四氢呋喃做淋洗液所规定的测试方法测量,A-2的分子量为500至2500。
实施例1-9和比较例1-5
实施例1-9和比较例1-5的热固性树脂组合物的组成和固体量如表1或表2中所示。
覆铜板的制备
按照表1或2中所示的组成和量(重量份),将实施例1-9和比较例1-5各自的热固性树脂组合物的组分放入容器中,搅拌使其混合均匀,制成实施例1-9和比较例1-5各自的热固性树脂组合物,向其中加入丁酮溶剂并且混合均匀,使得固体含量为60%而制成胶液,即得到实施例1-9和比较例1-5各自的树脂胶液。用2116电子级玻纤布浸渍树脂胶液,经烘箱在150℃下烘烤成实施例1-9和比较例1-5各自的2116预浸料。取6张实施例1-9和比较例1-5各自的2116预浸料,双面再覆上18μm厚电解铜箔,在热压机作真空层压,固化温度200℃,时间120min,制成实施例1-9和比较例1-5各自的覆铜板。
性能测试
1)玻璃化转温度Tg:使用动态热机械分析(DMA)测试,按照IPC-TM-6502.4.24所规定的DMA测试方法;
2)剥离强度:按照GB/T 4722-20177.2.1所规定的测试方法;
3)燃烧性:按照UL94“50W(20mm)垂直燃烧试验:V-0、V-1和V-2”测试方法测试,认定V-0为阻燃;
4)带铜箔的耐浸焊时间:取双面带铜箔的板材样品,100mm×100mm尺寸三块,分别浸288℃焊锡中,取其不发生分层爆板时间的平均值;
5)Z轴膨胀(取Tg前的热膨胀系数α1):测试采用静态热分析仪(TMA)测试,测试按照标准IPC-TM-650 2.4.24,其中Z轴表示层压板样品的厚度方向;
6)PCT压力容器热应力试验:取蚀去铜箔的板材,100mm×100mm尺寸三块,置于105±3KPa压力下高压锅蒸煮2小时,取出,将板浸入288℃焊锡中,取其不发生分层爆板时间的平均值;
7)吸水率:取蚀去铜箔的板材,100mm×100mm尺寸三块,称重,置于105±3KPa压力下高压锅蒸煮2小时,取出再称重,计算重量的增加比例;
8)电性能Dk/Df:在1GHz下,使用平板电容法测定,按照标准IPC-TM-650 2.4.24;
9)分子量:按照GB/T 21863-2008凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)用四氢呋喃做淋洗液所规定的测试方法。
实施例及比较例中所用各组分详述如下:
A、改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物
(A-1)上面制备实施例制备的预聚物A-1
(A-2)上面制备实施例制备的预聚物A-2
(A-3)BMI树脂(4,4′-双马来酰亚胺二苯甲烷,洪湖双马树脂公司)
B、环氧树脂
(B-1)KDP-555MC80(DOPO-HQ改性环氧树脂,韩国国都化学公司)
(B-2)HP-7200H(DCPD-苯酚型环氧树脂,日本DIC公司)
(B-3)NC-3000H(联苯-苯酚型环氧树脂,日本化药公司)
C、苯并噁嗪树脂
(C-1)D125(二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂,四川东材科技有限公司)
(C-2)LZ8270(酚酞型苯并噁嗪树脂,美国亨斯曼先进材料公司)
D、SMA-EF40(苯乙烯-马来酸酐低聚物,美国克雷威尔公司)
E、XZ92741(含磷酚醛树脂,美国OLIN化学公司)
F、SPB-100(磷腈树脂,日本大塚化学公司)
G、2E4MZ(2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑,日本四国化成公司)
H、MEGASIL525(熔融二氧化硅,矽比科公司,粒径D50为2.6um,D100小于15um)
表1
Figure BDA0001982672960000141
表2
组分 比较例1 比较例2 比较例3 比较例4 比较例5
A-1 35 5 50 35
A-3 48
C-1 25 50 50 25
C-2
B-1 75 60 40 30
B-2 35 30 60
D 33 5 25 35 30
E 30 6
F 15 20
G 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.1 0.06
H 182 112 142 145 145
实施例1-5和6-9分别使用不同的预聚物,其中实施例1-5使用预聚物A-1,而实施例6-9使用预聚物A-2。
实施例2在实施例1的基础下减少无机填料与含磷环氧树脂的量,引入含磷酚醛树脂。
实施例3、4和5围绕着预聚物A-1使用不同类型环氧树脂和不同类型苯并噁嗪树脂。
实施例6在实施例1的基础上,用预聚物A-2替换预聚物A-1。
实施例7、8和9则围绕着预聚物A-2使用不同类型环氧树脂和不同类型苯并噁嗪树脂。
比较例1使用的是无改性的双马来酰亚胺单体;比较例2减少使用苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物,增加二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂的使用量;比较例3减少使用改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物,增加二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂的使用量;比较例4不使用苯并噁嗪树脂,增加双马来酰亚胺预聚物的使用量;而比较例5不使用含磷环氧树脂,使用磷腈树脂来提升磷含量。
实施例和比较例的性能分别如表3和4中所示。
表3
Figure BDA0001982672960000161
表4
Figure BDA0001982672960000162
从实施例1、6和比较例1可以看出,双马来酰亚胺经过预聚改性后,与树脂混合物相容性提升,反应性提升、性能明显较好,而未经过预聚的双马来酰亚胺单体相容性较差,容易在树脂混合物中析出,板材的性能较差且部分性能指标无法测试。
实施例2引入含磷酚醛,降低无机填料含量,Tg和介电性能稍有下降。
实施例3、4和5则围绕预聚物A-1对比不同类型环氧树脂和苯并噁嗪树脂。实施例4使用酚酞型苯并噁嗪树脂8270比实施例3的二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂D125的Tg(DMA)稍高,但介电性能不及D125。实施例5使用联苯环氧树脂NC-3000H比实施例4使用DCPD环氧树脂HP-7200H能得到较好的介电性能,但联苯环氧的成本相对较高。
实施例7、8和9则围绕预聚物A-2展开,设计思路与预聚物A-1相同,由于A-2预聚时使用的含羟基芳香胺带有萘环结构,实施例7、8和9的Tg均高于实施例3、4和5,但介电性能实施例3、4和5更优,其他性能如PCT、吸水率、耐浸焊等差异不大。
比较例2减少使用苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物至5重量份EF40,增加二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂D125的使用量,介电性能明显降低;比较例3减少使用改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物至5份,增加二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂D125的使用量,板材Tg降低至178℃,PCT测试出现爆板分层,同时Z轴α1升高;比较例4去除苯并噁嗪树脂,增加改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物和苯乙烯-马来酸酐低聚物,板材的吸水率升高,PCT测试出现爆板分层;比较例5去除含磷环氧树脂,并引入20份磷腈使体系磷含量提升以实现阻燃,但板材Tg下降,吸水率提高,PCT测试出现爆板分层。
因此,根据本公开,①无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物中含有改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物,利用固化后双马来酰亚胺具有高刚性分子链的特点,可带来较高的Tg及耐热性,同时活性的酚羟基能与环氧树脂反应,从而带来更高的韧性与粘结性;②该无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物中含有含磷环氧树脂,不仅提供较好的粘结性,而且还带来阻燃效果;③该无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物中含有酸酐类化合物,能给体系带来较好的介电性能。另外,优选地,④该无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物中含有无机填料,可大大降低无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物的膨胀系数,同时亦可降低成本和提升难燃性。因此使用该组合物制成的适用于无卤高多层的覆铜箔层压板,具有粘结性好,高耐热性、高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、阻燃性、低介电常数与损耗等特性。
根据本公开,可以提供一种无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物、通过用增强材料浸润所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物得到的印刷电路用预浸料及包含所述印刷电路用预浸料的覆金属层压板或绝缘板,以及包含所述印刷电路用预浸料、所述绝缘板或所述覆金属层压板的印制电路板,使得覆金属层压板可以至少具有粘结性好,高耐热性、高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、阻燃性、低介电常数与损耗等特性中的一个,优选具有上述特性中的至少两个,并且更优选具有上述特性中的全部。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本公开实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本公开的精神和范围。这样,倘若本公开的这些修改和变型属于本公开权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本公开也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (10)

1.一种无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物,所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物包含:
改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物:10至50重量份;
苯并噁嗪树脂:5至50重量份;
含磷环氧树脂:30至90重量份;
酸酐类化合物:10至50重量份;和
固化促进剂:0.01至1重量份,
其中所述改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物由分子结构中具有至少两个N-取代马来酰亚胺基的马来酰亚胺、芳香二胺及含羟基芳香胺预聚而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物,其中所述分子结构中具有至少两个N-取代马来酰亚胺基的马来酰亚胺由下式(I)或(II)表示:
Figure FDA0001982672950000011
其中R为
Figure FDA0001982672950000012
Figure FDA0001982672950000013
R1和R2各自独立地为H或C1至C4的烷基;II式中n为1至8的整数。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物,其中所述含羟基芳香胺选自下列中的一项或任何两项或更多项的组合:
Figure FDA0001982672950000021
其中R1和R2各自独立地为H或C1至C4的烷基;
优选地,所述芳香二胺为具有2个以上且4个以下芳环的芳香二胺;
优选地,所述芳香二胺选自下列中的一项或任何两项或更多项的组合:4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯丙烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯基醚、4,4′-二氨基二苯砜、3,3′-二氨基二苯砜、1,5-二氨基萘、2,6-二氨基萘、4,4′-二氨基-3,3′-二乙基-5,5′-二甲基二苯基甲烷、4,4’-二氨基-3,3’-二甲基-5,5’-二乙基二苯甲烷、4,4′-二氨基-3,3′-二乙基二苯基甲烷和4,4′-二氨基-3,3′,5,5′-四乙基二苯基甲烷、4,4-二氨基联苯、4-二氨基苯甲醚、3,3′-二甲氧基联苯胺或3,3′-二甲基联苯胺。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物,其中在所述改性双马来酰亚胺预聚物中,衍生自所述分子结构中具有至少两个N-取代马来酰亚胺基的马来酰亚胺的结构单元、衍生自所述芳香二胺的结构单元及衍生自的所述含羟基芳香胺的重量比为(6至12)∶(0.5至3)∶(0.5至3)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物,其中所述苯并噁嗪树脂包括双酚A型苯并噁嗪树脂、双酚F型苯并噁嗪树脂、二胺型苯并噁嗪树脂、酚酞型苯并噁嗪树脂、双环戊二烯型苯并噁嗪树脂或双酚芴型苯并噁嗪树脂中的任意一种或者至少两种的混合物;
优选地,所述含磷环树脂选自:含有9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、10-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧化物或10-(2,5-二羟基萘基)-10-氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物结构的多官能环氧树脂中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物;
优选地,所述酸酐类化合物包含分子结构中含有不少于两个酸酐基团的化合物;
优选地,所述酸酐类化合物选自苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物,苯丙烯-马来酸酐共聚物,3,3’,4,4’-二苯醚四酸二酐,2,3,3′,4′-二苯醚四甲酸二酐,3,3′,4,4′-联苯四甲酸二酐,2,3,3′,4′-联苯四甲酸二酐,3,3’,4,4’-二苯酮四酸二酐或1,2,4,5-均苯四酸二酐中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物;
优选地,所述固化促进剂为叔胺、咪唑类、4-二甲氨基吡啶、三苯基膦或三氟化硼单乙胺的任意一种或者至少两种的混合物;
优选地,所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物还包含无机填料;
优选地,所述无机填料占所述无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物总重量的30%至70%;
优选地,所述无机填料选自:二氧化硅、软性玻璃粉、滑石粉、高岭土、云母粉、勃母石、水滑石、硼酸锌、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、氧化铝、氮化硼、氮化铝、硫酸钡或硅灰石中的任意一种或至少两种的混合物;
优选地,所述二氧化硅为球型二氧化硅、熔融二氧化硅或结晶二氧化硅中的任意一种或者至少两种的混合物。
6.一种树脂胶液,所述树脂胶液包含:
权利要求1至5任何一项所述的无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物;和
溶剂。
7.一种印刷电路用预浸料,所述印刷电路用预浸料包括增强材料及通过浸润干燥后附着在其上的如权利要求1至5中任何一项所述的无卤阻燃热固性树脂组合物。
8.一种绝缘板,所述绝缘板含有至少一张如权利要求7所述的印刷电路用预浸料。
9.一种覆金属层压板,所述覆金属层压板包括至少一张如权利要求7所述的印刷电路用预浸料和覆于所述预浸料外侧的一侧或两侧的金属箔。
10.一种印制电路板,所述印制电路板包含:至少一张如权利要求7所述的印刷电路用预浸料,或至少一张如权利要求8所述的绝缘板,或至少一张如权利要求9所述的覆金属层压板。
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