CN111621104A - 聚氯乙烯泡沫及其制备方法 - Google Patents

聚氯乙烯泡沫及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111621104A
CN111621104A CN202010548825.2A CN202010548825A CN111621104A CN 111621104 A CN111621104 A CN 111621104A CN 202010548825 A CN202010548825 A CN 202010548825A CN 111621104 A CN111621104 A CN 111621104A
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张�成
王亮亮
杨江龙
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Dongying Ruizhi New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于塑料泡沫技术领域，具体的涉及一种聚氯乙烯泡沫及其制备方法。以质量份数计，原料组成如下：聚氯乙烯树脂95‑100份、聚醚多元醇10‑15份、异氰酸酯30‑80份、酸酐5‑30份、发泡剂5‑10份、热稳定剂3‑10份、阻燃剂1‑3份、增塑剂30‑55份和填料1‑5份。本发明所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，力学性能优良、耐热性能好、质轻、成本低、阻燃性好、生产效率高；所述聚氯乙烯泡沫的制备方法，工艺简单可控、利于施工、易操作、生产效率高、适合工业化生产。

Description

聚氯乙烯泡沫及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于塑料泡沫技术领域，具体的涉及一种聚氯乙烯泡沫及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯，是氯乙烯单体在过氧化物、偶氮化合物等引发剂，或在光、热作用下，按自由基聚合反应机理聚合而成的聚合物。聚氯乙烯泡沫材料是以聚氯乙烯树脂为主体，加入发泡剂及其它添加剂制成的泡沫材料。聚氯乙烯泡沫材料分硬质和软质两类，硬质聚氯乙烯泡沫材料的弹性模量一般比较大，无柔韧性，压缩强度大，应力达到一定值能产生形变，解除应力后不能恢复原状。硬质聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料具有良好的机械性能、化学性能稳定、耐腐蚀、不吸水、不易燃烧、价格便宜等优点，在包装、保温等领域具有广泛应用。
硬质聚氯乙烯交联泡沫材料的组分主要包括聚氯乙烯树脂、发泡剂(如偶氮二异丁腈和偶氮二甲酰胺)、异氰酸酯(如甲苯二异氰酸酯、碳化二亚胺-脲酮亚胺改性4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯)和酸酐(如马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐)。其制备方法是：先将固体物料和液体物料混合得到糊状物料，然后将糊状物料倒入模具中，在压力下升高温度，使模具内部糊状物料温度达到150-200℃，此时PVC树脂发生凝胶，发泡剂分解，模压时间控制为50-60s/mm，降温后开模，得到含有许多微小气泡的预发泡体，最后将预发泡体置于热水或者蒸汽中，加热完成二次膨胀，同时扩散进预发泡休内的水分会和异氰酸酯与酸酐发生一系列反应，产生二氧化碳气体并在泡沫体中形成交联结构，固化得到硬质泡沫。
但是由于PVC树脂本身热稳定性较差，在生产泡沫材料的过程中不可避免的会存在热学稳定性的问题，加入助剂后，力学性能下降，无法保证耐热性与力学性能同时达到使用要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供一种聚氯乙烯泡沫，该聚氯乙烯泡沫力学性能优良、耐热性能好、生产效率高、成本低；本发明同时提供了制备方法。
本发明所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，以质量份数计，原料组成如下：
Figure BDA0002541710990000011
Figure BDA0002541710990000021
其中：
聚醚多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇。
异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯、环已基二异氰酸酯、碳化二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。异氰酸酯在预发泡体的制备中可作为增塑剂，在二次膨胀和固化交联时与水反应产生二氧化碳作为发泡剂，产生的交联物质可增强泡沫材料。
异氰酸酯水解生成的胺能够和可交联的聚氯乙烯树脂发生交联反应，得到交联聚氯乙烯树脂，从而提高聚氯乙烯树脂的尺寸稳定性和耐溶剂性。
酸酐是邻苯二甲酸酐、琥珀酸酐、偏苯三甲酸酐、六氯内次甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、二苯醚四酸二酐、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、马来酸酐、甲基四氢苯酐、环已烷-1,2-二羧酸酐或甲基六氢苯酐中的至少两种。酸酐可以增加固化交联时二氧化碳的产量，提高发泡倍率，并改进交联网络。
发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯、甲苯、环己烷和碳酸氢钠的混合物。
热稳定剂为环氧化甘油三酸酯、有机锡181、硬脂酸钾和硬脂酸钙的混合物。
热稳定剂中的环氧化甘油三酸酯提高泡沫的韧性和强度，硬脂酸钾和硬脂酸钙提高制备泡沫材料的质量和耐热性，减少膨胀时间。
增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的混合物。
阻燃剂为三氧化二锑与多聚磷酸铵的混合物。
填料为二氧化硅、碳纳米管、硅酸或碳酸钙中的一种或几种。
本发明所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
(1)将原料在搅拌机中搅拌25-35min，得到均一的预混料；
(2)将均一的预混料导入模具中，在150-185℃和10-25MPa的压力条件下进行模压，冷却后开模，得到预发泡体；
(3)将预发泡体置于80-100℃的水浴环境下进行发泡，得到半成品泡沫；
(4)将半成品泡沫置于60-85℃的烘箱中进行固化处理得到聚氯乙烯泡沫。
其中：
步骤(2)中所述的模压时间为0.5-1h，冷却至室温开模。
步骤(3)中所述的发泡时间为3-6h。
步骤(4)中所述的固化处理时间为3-5h。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，力学性能优良、耐热性能好、质轻、成本低、阻燃性好、生产效率高。
(2)本发明所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫的制备方法，工艺简单可控、利于施工、易操作、生产效率高、适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
本实施例1所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，以质量份数计，原料组成如下：
Figure BDA0002541710990000031
其中：
聚醚多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇。
异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯与六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的混合物。
酸酐是邻苯二甲酸酐、环已烷-1,2-二羧酸酐与甲基六氢苯酐的混合物。
发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯、甲苯、环己烷和碳酸氢钠的混合物。
热稳定剂为环氧化甘油三酸酯、有机锡181、硬脂酸钾和硬脂酸钙的混合物。
增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的混合物。
阻燃剂为三氧化二锑与多聚磷酸铵的混合物。
填料为二氧化硅。
本实施例1所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
(1)将原料在搅拌机中搅拌30min，得到均一的预混料；
(2)将均一的预混料导入模具中，在165℃和15MPa的压力条件下进行模压，冷却后开模，得到预发泡体；
(3)将预发泡体置于85℃的水浴环境下进行发泡，得到半成品泡沫；
(4)将半成品泡沫置于80℃的烘箱中进行固化处理得到聚氯乙烯泡沫。
其中：
步骤(2)中所述的模压时间为1h，冷却至室温开模。
步骤(3)中所述的发泡时间为5h。
步骤(4)中所述的固化处理时间为5h。
实施例2
本实施例2所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，以质量份数计，原料组成如下：
Figure BDA0002541710990000041
其中：
聚醚多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇。
异氰酸酯是环已基二异氰酸酯与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物。
酸酐是偏苯三甲酸酐、六氯内次甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐与马来酸酐的混合物。
发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯、甲苯、环己烷和碳酸氢钠的混合物。
热稳定剂为环氧化甘油三酸酯、有机锡181、硬脂酸钾和硬脂酸钙的混合物。
增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的混合物。
阻燃剂为三氧化二锑与多聚磷酸铵的混合物。
填料为碳纳米管。
本实施例2所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
(1)将原料在搅拌机中搅拌35min，得到均一的预混料；
(2)将均一的预混料导入模具中，在180℃和10MPa的压力条件下进行模压，冷却后开模，得到预发泡体；
(3)将预发泡体置于90℃的水浴环境下进行发泡，得到半成品泡沫；
(4)将半成品泡沫置于85℃的烘箱中进行固化处理得到聚氯乙烯泡沫。
其中：
步骤(2)中所述的模压时间为0.5h，冷却至室温开模。
步骤(3)中所述的发泡时间为4h。
步骤(4)中所述的固化处理时间为4h。
实施例3
本实施例3所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，以质量份数计，原料组成如下：
Figure BDA0002541710990000051
其中：
聚醚多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇。
异氰酸酯是碳化二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
酸酐是琥珀酸酐与偏苯三甲酸酐的混合物。
发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯、甲苯、环己烷和碳酸氢钠的混合物。
热稳定剂为环氧化甘油三酸酯、有机锡181、硬脂酸钾和硬脂酸钙的混合物。
增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的混合物。
阻燃剂为三氧化二锑与多聚磷酸铵的混合物。
填料为碳酸钙。
本实施例3所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫的制备方法，由以下步骤组成：
(1)将原料在搅拌机中搅拌35min，得到均一的预混料；
(2)将均一的预混料导入模具中，在170℃和20MPa的压力条件下进行模压，冷却后开模，得到预发泡体；
(3)将预发泡体置于90℃的水浴环境下进行发泡，得到半成品泡沫；
(4)将半成品泡沫置于80℃的烘箱中进行固化处理得到聚氯乙烯泡沫。
其中：
步骤(2)中所述的模压时间为1h，冷却至室温开模。
步骤(3)中所述的发泡时间为5h。
步骤(4)中所述的固化处理时间为5h。
对比例1
本对比例1所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，以质量份数计，原料组成如下：
Figure BDA0002541710990000061
其中：
异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯与六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的混合物。
酸酐是邻苯二甲酸酐、环已烷-1,2-二羧酸酐与甲基六氢苯酐的混合物。
发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯、甲苯、环己烷和碳酸氢钠的混合物。热稳定剂为环氧化甘油三酸酯、有机锡181、硬脂酸钾和硬脂酸钙的混合物。
增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的混合物。
阻燃剂为三氧化二锑与多聚磷酸铵的混合物。
填料为二氧化硅。
对比例1的制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例2
本对比例2所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，以质量份数计，原料组成如下：
Figure BDA0002541710990000062
Figure BDA0002541710990000071
其中：
聚醚多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇。
异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯与六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的混合物。
酸酐是邻苯二甲酸酐、环已烷-1,2-二羧酸酐与甲基六氢苯酐的混合物。
发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯、甲苯、环己烷和碳酸氢钠的混合物。热稳定剂为有机锡181。
增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的混合物。
阻燃剂为三氧化二锑与多聚磷酸铵的混合物。
填料为二氧化硅。
对比例2的制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例3
本对比例3所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，以质量份数计，原料组成如下：
Figure BDA0002541710990000072
其中：
聚醚多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇。
异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯与六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的混合物。
酸酐是邻苯二甲酸酐、环已烷-1,2-二羧酸酐与甲基六氢苯酐的混合物。
发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺与偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯的混合物。
热稳定剂为环氧化甘油三酸酯、有机锡181、硬脂酸钾和硬脂酸钙的混合物。
增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的混合物。
阻燃剂为三氧化二锑与多聚磷酸铵的混合物。
填料为二氧化硅。
对比例3的制备方法与实施例1相同。
对实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备的聚氯乙烯泡沫进行性能测试，结果如下表1所示：
表1聚氯乙烯泡沫性能测试数据
Figure BDA0002541710990000081

Claims (10)

1.一种聚氯乙烯泡沫，其特征在于：以质量份数计，原料组成如下：
Figure FDA0002541710980000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，其特征在于：聚醚多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，其特征在于：异氰酸酯是甲苯二异氰酸酯、环已基二异氰酸酯、碳化二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，其特征在于：酸酐是邻苯二甲酸酐、琥珀酸酐、偏苯三甲酸酐、六氯内次甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、二苯醚四酸二酐、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、马来酸酐、甲基四氢苯酐、环已烷-1,2-二羧酸酐或甲基六氢苯酐中的至少两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，其特征在于：发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯、甲苯、环己烷和碳酸氢钠的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，其特征在于：热稳定剂为环氧化甘油三酸酯、有机锡181、硬脂酸钾和硬脂酸钙的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，其特征在于：增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫，其特征在于：阻燃剂为三氧化二锑与多聚磷酸铵的混合物；填料为二氧化硅、碳纳米管、硅酸或碳酸钙中的一种或几种。
9.一种权利要求1所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于：由以下步骤组成：
(1)将原料在搅拌机中搅拌25-35min，得到均一的预混料；
(2)将均一的预混料导入模具中，在150-185℃和10-25MPa的压力条件下进行模压，冷却后开模，得到预发泡体；
(3)将预发泡体置于80-100℃的水浴环境下进行发泡，得到半成品泡沫；
(4)将半成品泡沫置于60-85℃的烘箱中进行固化处理得到聚氯乙烯泡沫。
10.根据权利要求9所述的聚氯乙烯泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤(2)中所述的模压时间为0.5-1h，冷却至室温开模；
步骤(3)中所述的发泡时间为3-6h；
步骤(4)中所述的固化处理时间为3-5h。
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