CN111616148A - 一种高效消毒剂 - Google Patents
一种高效消毒剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111616148A CN111616148A CN202010466889.8A CN202010466889A CN111616148A CN 111616148 A CN111616148 A CN 111616148A CN 202010466889 A CN202010466889 A CN 202010466889A CN 111616148 A CN111616148 A CN 111616148A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
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Abstract
一种高效消毒剂,其特征在于包含以下质量百分比的各组分:氨基酸0.02~1%;两性离子氨基酸表面活性剂0.02~1%;保湿剂1~5%;pH调节剂0.01~0.5%;水余量;各组分的重量百分比之和为100%。本发明以两性离子表面活性剂氨基酸衍生物和天然氨基酸为主要抑菌有效成分,解决了传统阳离子化学消毒剂不能与阴离子表面活性剂配伍的问题,具有广谱的杀菌效果和良好的生物降解性,对皮肤无刺激性,安全无毒,长期使用不产生耐药性。
Description
技术领域
本发属于日化领域,特别是涉及一种高效生物消毒剂。
背景技术
随着新冠肺炎疫情的蔓延,人们越来越注重个人防护,除了配戴口罩和勤洗手,消毒也成为日常生活的一部分。消毒是杀灭微生物、切断传播途径的一个重要手段,但公众对消毒产品、消毒技术及相关应用等方面知识缺乏相关了解,使用方法不当,如喷洒酒精引起火灾、使用含氯消毒剂未稀释引起腐蚀、消毒剂浓度和作用时间不准确未达到消毒效果,同时过度消毒致使消毒完成后出现一定副作用,对人体和环境造成危害。
消毒是指用化学、物理、生物的方法杀灭或者消除环境中的病原微生物。消毒产品包括消毒剂、消毒器械(含生物指示物、化学指示物和灭菌物品包装物)、卫生用品和一次性使用医疗用品。
市场上的消毒剂多以化学消毒剂为主,按照所用消毒剂类型可以分为含氯消毒剂、过氧化物类消毒剂、醛类消毒剂、醇类消毒剂、酚类消毒剂、含碘消毒剂、环氧乙烷、胍类消毒剂、季铵盐类消毒剂。化学消毒剂作用时间短、杀灭效果好,但存在一些刺激性和环境污染问题,例如含氯消毒剂易挥发易光解,会刺激皮肤和呼吸道黏膜;过氧化物类消毒剂易发生氧化反应,化学性质不稳定;醇类消毒剂消毒效果易受浓度和蛋白质影响;酚类消毒剂对皮肤、黏膜有刺激,对环境有污染等,因此开发消毒效果强、安全、环保的消毒剂尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中存在的不足,提供一种高效生物消毒剂,对革兰氏阳性菌及阴性菌、酵母菌、霉菌等微生物有广泛的杀灭作用,可生物降解,无毒无刺激,稳定性高,杀菌效果不受低温和高蛋白条件影响,不易产生耐药性,可用于空气、织物、一般物体表面、皮肤等消毒。
本发明为实现上述目的,采用如下技术方案:
一种高效消毒剂,其特征在于包含以下质量百分比的各组分:
氨基酸0.02~1%;
两性离子氨基酸表面活性剂0.02~1%;
阴离子或两性离子或非离子表面活性剂1~20%;
保湿剂1~5%;
pH调节剂0.01~0.5%;
水余量;
各组分的重量百分比之和为100%。
氨基酸对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌等有抑菌作用。两性离子表面活性剂可以吸附在带负电荷的细菌细胞壁、病毒脂质包膜等微生物表面,改变细胞壁/脂质包膜结构,导致细菌、真菌或包膜病毒解体。两性离子表面活性剂配伍,可以起到对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的高效消毒作用。
其进一步特征在于:所述的氨基酸为半胱氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸中的一种或多种。
进一步的:所述表面活性剂中含有0.02~1%的两性离子氨基酸表面活性剂为正-烷基丙氨基甘氨酸。正-烷基丙氨基甘氨酸,为甘氨酸衍生物,是一类两性表面活性剂,呈弱阳离子性,可以导致细菌、真菌或包膜病毒解体。由于杀菌效果基于其表面活性,具有非特异性模式,微生物的选择性或特异性抵抗基因并不能产生作用,长期使用不会产生生物抗性。
优选的:所述氨基酸和正-烷基丙氨基甘氨酸质量百分比之和大于0.62,此时,高效消毒液对大肠杆菌8099、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538和白色念珠菌的抑菌均具有明显抑菌效果。对桌子表面的自然菌的平均灭除对数值为1.85,消毒样本的平均杀灭对数值≥1。对手指曲面自然菌的平均灭除对数值为1.14,消毒样本的平均杀灭对数值≥1。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:本发明以两性离子氨基酸表面活性剂和天然氨基酸为主要抑菌有效成分,解决了传统阳离子化学消毒剂不能与阴离子表面活性剂配伍的问题,具有广谱的杀菌效果和良好的生物降解性,对皮肤无刺激性,安全无毒,长期使用不产生耐药性。
附图说明
图1为本发明高效消毒剂抑菌效果示意图。
其中图1(a)、(d)为金黄色葡萄球菌,图1(b)、(e)为大肠杆菌,图1c)、(f)为白色念珠菌,1~6分别为实施例1~6。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述,所述实施例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。下述实施例中所用的试验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,为可从商业途径得到的试剂和材料。
实施例1:
实施例2:
实施例3:
实施例4:
实施例5:
实施例6:
1、采用本发明所制备的高效消毒剂抑菌效果评价
将大肠杆菌8099、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538、白色念珠菌ATCC 10231进行活化,取4~8代新鲜斜面培养物,用pH7.2的PBS将菌苔洗下,用紫外分光光度计调节,使菌悬液OD600=0.5。取100μL10倍稀释的菌悬液涂布琼脂平板,干燥后等间距放上药敏试纸,滴加10μL实施例1~6中配制的高效消毒剂,37℃培养18~24h,观察抑菌效果,见图1。
从图1中可以看出,实施例1~6对大肠杆菌8099、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538均有明显的抑菌效果,实施例4~6对白色念珠菌均有明显的抑菌效果。当高效消毒剂中氨基酸及其衍生物浓度低于0.62时,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果随着浓度增加而增强;当氨基酸及其衍生物浓度高于0.62时,随着浓度增加,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果无明显变化。当高效消毒剂中氨基酸及其衍生物浓度低于0.62时,抑菌圈直径<8mm,对白色念珠菌的抑菌作用较弱;当氨基酸及其衍生物浓度高于0.62时,抑菌圈直径≥8mm,对白色念珠菌的抑菌有明显的抑菌效果,随着浓度增加,对白色念珠菌的抑菌效果略有增强。优选实施例6制备所得高效消毒剂进行后续试验。
2、高效消毒剂对其他表面消毒现场鉴定试验
随机取食堂餐桌表面,标定2块面积各为25cm2的区块,一供消毒前采样,一供消毒后采样,受试数量为30份。消毒前,将无菌棉拭于含5ml稀释液试管中沾湿,对一区块涂抹采样,横竖往返各8次。采样后,以无菌操作方式将棉拭采样端剪入原稀释液试管内,震荡20s,做适当稀释后,作为阳性对照组样本。将实施例6制备所得高效消毒剂涂擦于桌子表面2次进行消毒,15min后采样。消毒后,将无菌棉拭于含5ml中和剂试管中沾湿,对消毒区块涂抹采样,横竖往返各8次。采样后,以无菌操作方式将棉拭采样端剪入原采样液试管内,震荡20s,作为消毒组样本。将阳性对照组、消毒组样本,每份吸取1.0ml,以琼脂倾注法接种平皿,每个样本接种2个平皿,放37℃恒温箱中培养24~48h,观察最终结果,见表1。
表1高效消毒剂对其他表面消毒现场鉴定试验结果
表1中,以实施例6制备所得高效消毒剂涂擦桌子表面,作用时间15min,对桌子表面的自然菌的平均灭除对数值为1.85,消毒样本的平均杀灭对数值≥1,消毒合格。
3、高效消毒剂对手消毒现场鉴定试验
随机选定30位受试者,消毒前,在受试者双手相互充分搓擦后,让受试者左手指并拢,用无菌棉拭在含10ml稀释液试管中浸湿,于管壁上挤干后,在五指屈面往返涂擦2遍,每涂擦一遍,将棉拭转动一次。采样后,以无菌操作方式将棉拭采样端剪入中和剂试管内,作为阳性对照组样本。将实施例6制备所得高效消毒剂涂擦右手手指曲面皮肤,作用时间为1min,与阳性对照组同样的方法对受试者右手上残留的自然菌采样一次,作为试验组样本。分别取试验组、阳性对照组样本各1ml,以琼脂倾注法接种平皿,每个样本接种2个平皿,放37℃恒温箱中培养24~48h,观察最终结果,见表2。
表2高效消毒剂对手消毒现场鉴定试验结果
表2中,经30人次实验结果显示,以实施例6制备所得高效消毒剂涂擦手指曲面皮肤,作用时间1min,对手指曲面自然菌的平均灭除对数值为1.14,消毒样本的平均杀灭对数值≥1,消毒合格。
4、高效消毒剂急性经口毒性试验
采用一次最大限度试验,灌胃剂量为5000mg/kg,染毒前动物禁食过夜。染毒后,每天观察中毒症状或行为变化,每周称重一次。对中毒死亡动物和染毒后14天存活动物作大体解剖观察,见表3。
表3高效消毒剂急性经口毒性试验结果
表3中,实施例6制备所得高效消毒剂进行急性经口毒性试验,实验动物在染毒14天内未见任何中毒症状和中毒死亡;雌雄动物的体重未见异常。实验观察结束,对受试动物进行大体解剖检测也未见异常变化。
5、高效消毒剂一次完整皮肤刺激试验
试验前24h将实验动物背部脊柱两侧被毛剪掉,去毛范围左、右各为3cm×3cm,涂敷面积2.5cm×2.5cm。以实施例6制备所得高效消毒剂为受试物,以横断方式剪取一块斑贴大小(2.5cm×2.5cm)的受试物,用生理盐水润湿后贴敷至一侧皮肤上,另一侧涂生理盐水作为对照,敷贴4h后用生理盐水清除残留受试物。分别于去除受试物1h、24h和48h观察皮肤局部反应,进行刺激反应评分,见表4。
表4高效消毒剂一次完整皮肤刺激试验结果
表4中,实施例6制备所得高效消毒剂对实验动物一次完整皮肤刺激试验结果为无刺激性。
Claims (4)
1.一种高效消毒剂,其特征在于包含以下质量百分比的各组分:
氨基酸0.02~1%;
两性离子氨基酸表面活性剂0.02~1%;
阴离子或两性离子或非离子表面活性剂1~20%
保湿剂1~5%;
pH调节剂0.01~0.5%;
水余量;
各组分的重量百分比之和为100%。
2.如权利要求1所述的高效消毒剂,其特征在于:所述的氨基酸为半胱氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸中的一种或多种。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的高效消毒剂,其特征在于:所述两性离子氨基酸表面活性剂为正-烷基丙氨基甘氨酸。
4.如权利要求4所述的高效消毒剂,其特征在于:所述氨基酸和正-烷基丙氨基甘氨酸质量百分比之和大于0.62。
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