CN111587683A - Pear tree grafting improvement method - Google Patents
Pear tree grafting improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111587683A CN111587683A CN202010402059.9A CN202010402059A CN111587683A CN 111587683 A CN111587683 A CN 111587683A CN 202010402059 A CN202010402059 A CN 202010402059A CN 111587683 A CN111587683 A CN 111587683A
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- grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pear tree grafting, in particular to a pear tree grafting improvement method, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting grafting time: firstly, selecting proper grafting time according to local air temperature, selecting spring march or autumn October for grafting in subtropical monsoon climate areas, and requiring proper air temperature and weather on the day of grafting so as to improve the survival rate of grafting; s2, selecting grafted scions: and (3) cutting the scions for grafting at proper time according to the grafting time, selecting nutrient branches with full tissues, mature development and full bud eyes on proper fruit trees when selecting the scions, and quickly cutting off leaves after the branches are harvested from one quarter of the roots. The method has the advantages that the proper season, air temperature and weather are selected, the method is more suitable for growth of xylem of the pear tree under the condition of the air temperature of 10-13 ℃, the healing speed of the wound at the grafting position can be promoted, and the grafted pear tree can grow in a combined mode more quickly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pear tree grafting, in particular to a pear tree grafting improvement method.
Background
The grafting is one of the artificial propagation methods of plants, that is, the branch or bud of one plant is grafted onto the stem or root of another plant, so that the two parts which are connected together can grow into a complete plant.
Chinese patent No. CN107691004A provides a pear tree grafting improvement method, which comprises the following steps of A, selecting a stock; B. selecting a scion; C. scion treatment; D. and (6) grafting. The invention simplifies the technical means and improves the grafting survival rate.
However, the pear tree grafting improvement method does not explain grafting time and weather, and does not explain grafting positions of the stocks, and if grafting is carried out in improper time, weather and positions, the survival rate of scions is greatly reduced, and the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pear tree grafting improvement method, which aims to solve the problems that the survival rate of scions is greatly reduced and the cost is increased if grafting is carried out at improper time, weather and parts in the background technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a pear tree grafting improvement method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting grafting time: firstly, selecting proper grafting time according to local air temperature, selecting spring march or autumn October for grafting in subtropical monsoon climate areas, and requiring proper air temperature and weather on the day of grafting so as to improve the survival rate of grafting;
s2, selecting grafted scions: cutting the scions for grafting at proper time according to grafting time, selecting proper vegetative branches with full tissues, mature development and full bud eyes on fruit trees when selecting the scions, quickly cutting off leaves after one fourth of the branches are picked from the roots, reserving 1-1.5cm leaf stalks to reduce water evaporation, and then bundling the scions into bundles with proper size;
s3, storage of scions: after the ear strips are picked and finished, the ear strips are placed in a deep cellar or a cave in time to be stored under the condition of proper storage temperature and humidity, when the ear strips are stored in the cellar, the lower half parts of the ear strips are buried in wet sand, the upper half parts of the ear strips are exposed outside, the bundle and the bundle are isolated by the wet sand, the opening of the cellar is tightly covered, the cellar is kept to be cold and cool, the temperature of the sand and the humidity in the cellar are frequently checked during the storage period, and the ear strips are prevented from being heated, mildewed or dehydrated and air-dried;
s4, selecting the grafted rootstock: the stock is selected to be a healthy birch tree with 18-24 months, and the selected stock needs to have green and no yellowing phenomenon or little yellowing phenomenon of leaves, no nodulation of roots and less pockmarks of tree bodies so as to improve the stress resistance of the grafted plant;
s5, selecting grafted branches: selecting a branch positioned at one half of a trunk on a rootstock, cutting the forked branch, cutting a branch end with the length of 10-15cm, and trimming the cross section of the cut branch to be level;
s6, scion pruning: taking a scion branch, cutting off the scion at the top of 3-4 buds at the top of the branch to leave 2-3 buds on the scion, and then sharpening the bottom of the scion at a position of 1-2cm to make the root of the scion in a wedge shape;
s7, grafting: the method comprises the following steps of placing the stock flatly, enabling the end face of the stock to face upwards, cutting the appropriate position of the stock to enable the stock to expose a white xylem, then enabling the scion to be inserted into the incision of the stock, binding the stock and the scion by using a film, and spraying a medicine on the scion after grafting is completed.
Further, the temperature in the S1 is 10-13 ℃, and the weather is sunny or cloudy.
Further, the mature Yulu bergamot pear bearing trees which are pure in variety, high in quality, high in yield, robust in growth and free of diseases and insect pests are selected for the fruit trees in the S2, and the tree age requirement is 4-10 years.
Further, the scion cutting in S2 should be performed in winter when used in spring and several days before grafting when used in autumn.
Further, the storage temperature in the S3 is 2-4 ℃, and the humidity is 90-92%.
Furthermore, in the S3, if no cellar is provided, a storage ditch can be dug at the cool and dry position with the height equal to the shady position before the soil is frozen, the depth of the ditch is 80-100cm, the width is 100-125cm, the length is determined according to the number of the scion, clean river sand with the thickness of 2-3cm and the water content of 5-10 percent is firstly paved in the ditch before the scion is placed in the ditch, the scion is obliquely placed in the ditch, the river sand is filled until the scion is completely buried, and the surface of the ditch is covered with a rainproof material.
Furthermore, in the step S5, if there are multiple branches in one half of the trunk, the healthier branch needs to be selected, and the redundant branches are cut from the junction with the trunk.
Further, the diameter of the healthy branches is 4-6cm, and the whole branches are free of bugles and ulcerated leaves.
Further, the proper position in the S7 is 0.5-0.8cm of the lateral side of the rootstock, and the depth of the cut is 2-3 cm.
Further, the S7 traditional Chinese medicine is indoleacetic acid and alpha-sodium naphthylacetate, the indoleacetic acid, the alpha-sodium naphthylacetate and water are prepared into a solution according to the proportion of the indoleacetic acid to the alpha-sodium naphthylacetate to the water =1:1:3, and the solution is directly sprayed to the connecting part of the scion and the stock after grafting is completed.
The invention provides a pear tree grafting improvement method through improvement, and compared with the prior art, the pear tree grafting improvement method has the following improvements and advantages:
(1) by selecting proper seasons, air temperatures and weather, the grafting method is more suitable for growth of xylem of the pear tree under the condition of the air temperature of 10-13 ℃, and can promote healing speed of wounds at the grafting position, so that the grafted pear tree can grow in a combined manner more quickly.
(2) By spraying the medicine, the indoleacetic acid in the medicine can promote the differentiation of xylem and phloem cells, promote the rooting of cuttings and adjust the morphogenesis of callus, and the alpha-sodium naphthaleneacetate can promote the growth, promote the synthesis of chlorophyll and promote the differentiation of buds and flower buds, and the alpha-sodium naphthaleneacetate can promote the combination of rootstocks and scions in a complementary manner, so that the survival rate of the grafted pear trees is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below, and technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The invention provides a pear tree grafting improvement method through improvement, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting grafting time: firstly, selecting proper grafting time according to local air temperature, selecting spring march or autumn October for grafting in subtropical monsoon climate areas, and requiring proper air temperature and weather on the day of grafting so as to improve the survival rate of grafting;
s2, selecting grafted scions: cutting the scions for grafting at proper time according to grafting time, selecting proper vegetative branches with full tissues, mature development and full bud eyes on fruit trees when selecting the scions, quickly cutting off leaves after one fourth of the branches are picked from the roots, reserving 1cm leaf stalks to reduce water evaporation, and then bundling the scions into bundles with proper size;
s3, storage of scions: after the ear strips are picked and finished, the ear strips are placed in a deep cellar or a cave in time to be stored under the condition of proper storage temperature and humidity, when the ear strips are stored in the cellar, the lower half parts of the ear strips are buried in wet sand, the upper half parts of the ear strips are exposed outside, the bundle and the bundle are isolated by the wet sand, the opening of the cellar is tightly covered, the cellar is kept to be cold and cool, the temperature of the sand and the humidity in the cellar are frequently checked during the storage period, and the ear strips are prevented from being heated, mildewed or dehydrated and air-dried;
s4, selecting the grafted rootstock: the stock is selected to be a 24-month healthy birch, and the selected stock needs to have green and no yellowing phenomenon or little yellowing phenomenon of leaves, no nodulation of roots and less pockmarks on the trunk so as to improve the stress resistance of the grafted plant;
s5, selecting grafted branches: selecting a branch positioned at one half of a trunk on a rootstock, cutting the forked branch at the position, cutting a branch end with the length of 15cm, and trimming the cross section of the cut branch to be level;
s6, scion pruning: taking a scion branch, cutting off the scion at the top of 4 buds at the top of the branch to leave 3 buds on the scion, and then cutting the bottom 2cm of the scion to make the root of the scion in a wedge shape;
s7, grafting: the method comprises the following steps of placing the stock flatly, enabling the end face of the stock to face upwards, cutting the appropriate position of the stock to enable the stock to expose a white xylem, then enabling the scion to be inserted into the incision of the stock, binding the stock and the scion by using a film, and spraying a medicine on the scion after grafting is completed.
Further, the temperature in S1 should be 10 deg.C, and the weather should be sunny or cloudy.
Furthermore, in S2, the mature Yulu bergamot pear bearing tree with pure variety, high quality, high yield, robust growth and no disease and insect damage is selected as the fruit tree in the S2, and the tree age requirement is 4 years.
Further, the scion cutting in S2 should be performed in winter when used in spring and several days before grafting when used in autumn.
Further, the temperature at which the storage in S3 was carried out was 4 ℃ and the humidity was 90%.
Further, in S3, if there is no cellar, a storage ditch with depth of 80cm and width of 100cm is dug at the cool, high and dry shady place before the soil is frozen, the length depends on the number of the scion, clean river sand with thickness of 2cm and water content of 5% is paved in the ditch before the scion is put in the ditch, the scion is put in the ditch in an inclined way, the river sand is filled until the scion is completely buried, and the surface of the ditch is covered with a rainproof material.
Furthermore, in the step S5, if there are more branches in one half of the trunk, the healthier branches are selected, and the extra branches are cut from the junction with the trunk.
Further, the diameter of the healthy branches is 4cm, and the whole branches are free of wormholes and ulcerated leaves.
Further, the suitable position in S7 is 0.5cm lateral of the stock, and the depth of the incision is 2 cm.
Further, the S7 traditional Chinese medicine is indoleacetic acid and alpha-sodium naphthylacetate, the indoleacetic acid, the alpha-sodium naphthylacetate and water are prepared into a solution according to the proportion of the indoleacetic acid to the alpha-sodium naphthylacetate to the water =1:1:3, and the solution is directly sprayed to the connecting part of the scion and the stock after grafting is completed.
Some preferred embodiments or application examples are listed below to help those skilled in the art to better understand the technical content of the present invention and the technical contribution of the present invention with respect to the prior art:
example 1
A pear tree grafting improvement method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting grafting time: firstly, selecting proper grafting time according to local air temperature, selecting spring march or autumn October for grafting in subtropical monsoon climate areas, and requiring proper air temperature and weather on the day of grafting so as to improve the survival rate of grafting;
s2, selecting grafted scions: cutting the scions for grafting at proper time according to grafting time, selecting proper vegetative branches with full tissues, mature development and full bud eyes on fruit trees when selecting the scions, quickly cutting off leaves after one fourth of the branches are picked from the roots, reserving 1cm leaf stalks to reduce water evaporation, and then bundling the scions into bundles with proper size;
s3, storage of scions: after the ear strips are picked and finished, the ear strips are placed in a deep cellar or a cave in time to be stored under the condition of proper storage temperature and humidity, when the ear strips are stored in the cellar, the lower half parts of the ear strips are buried in wet sand, the upper half parts of the ear strips are exposed outside, the bundle and the bundle are isolated by the wet sand, the opening of the cellar is tightly covered, the cellar is kept to be cold and cool, the temperature of the sand and the humidity in the cellar are frequently checked during the storage period, and the ear strips are prevented from being heated, mildewed or dehydrated and air-dried;
s4, selecting the grafted rootstock: the stock is selected to be a 24-month healthy birch, and the selected stock needs to have green and no yellowing phenomenon or little yellowing phenomenon of leaves, no nodulation of roots and less pockmarks on the trunk so as to improve the stress resistance of the grafted plant;
s5, selecting grafted branches: selecting a branch positioned at one half of a trunk on a rootstock, cutting the forked branch at the position, cutting a branch end with the length of 15cm, and trimming the cross section of the cut branch to be level;
s6, scion pruning: taking a scion branch, cutting off the scion at the top of 4 buds at the top of the branch to leave 3 buds on the scion, and then cutting the bottom 2cm of the scion to make the root of the scion in a wedge shape;
s7, grafting: the method comprises the following steps of placing the stock flatly, enabling the end face of the stock to face upwards, cutting the appropriate position of the stock to enable the stock to expose a white xylem, then enabling the scion to be inserted into the incision of the stock, binding the stock and the scion by using a film, and spraying a medicine on the scion after grafting is completed.
Wherein the temperature in the S1 is 10 deg.C, and the weather is sunny or cloudy; s2, selecting adult Yulu bergamot pear bearing trees which are pure in variety, high in quality, high in yield, strong in growth and free of diseases and pests, and having the tree age requirement of 4 years; in the S2, the scion used in spring is cut in winter, and the scion used in autumn is cut several days before grafting; the storage temperature in S3 was 4 ℃ and the humidity was 90%; s3, if no cellar is available, digging a storage ditch at the cool, high and dry shady position before the soil is frozen, wherein the ditch is 80cm deep and 100cm wide, the length is determined according to the number of the scion, paving clean river sand with the thickness of 2cm and the water content of 5 percent in the ditch before the scion is placed in the ditch, placing the scion in the ditch in an inclined manner, filling the river sand until the scion is completely buried, and covering the surface of the ditch with a rainproof material; in S5, if a plurality of branches are arranged in one half of the trunk, the healthiest branches are selected, and redundant branches are cut from the connection part of the trunk and the branches; the diameter of a healthy branch is 4cm, and the whole branch is free from wormholes and ulceration leaves; the proper position in the S7 is 0.5cm of the lateral surface of the rootstock, and the depth of the cut is 2 cm; the S7 traditional Chinese medicine is indoleacetic acid and alpha-sodium naphthylacetate, the indoleacetic acid, the alpha-sodium naphthylacetate and water are prepared into a solution according to the proportion of the indoleacetic acid to the alpha-sodium naphthylacetate to the water =1:1:3, and the solution is directly sprayed to the connecting part of the scion and the rootstock after grafting is completed.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: firstly, selecting proper grafting time according to local air temperature, selecting spring march or autumn October for grafting in subtropical monsoon climate areas, requiring that the air temperature on the day of grafting is 10 ℃ and selecting sunny days or cloudy days, and then cutting scions used for grafting at proper time according to the grafting time; cutting the scions used in spring in winter, cutting the scions used in autumn several days before grafting, selecting adult Yulu bergamot pear bearing trees which are pure in variety, high in quality, high in yield, strong in growth and free of diseases and insects, wherein the tree age requirement is 4 years, the fruit trees are provided with nutrient branches which are full in tissue, mature in development and full in bud, the branches are harvested from one fourth of the roots, the leaves are cut off rapidly, 1 leaf stalk is left to reduce water evaporation, and then the scions are bundled into bundles with proper size; after the scion strips are picked and finished, the scion strips are placed in a deep cellar or a cave in time and stored under the conditions that the temperature is 4 ℃ and the humidity is 90 percent, when the scion strips are stored in the cellar, the lower half parts of the scion strips are buried in wet sand, the upper half parts of the scion strips are exposed outside, the bundle and the bundle are isolated by the wet sand, the cellar opening is covered tightly, the cellar is kept cool, the temperature of sand and the humidity in the cellar are checked frequently during storage, the scion strips are prevented from being heated, mildewed, rotted or dehydrated and air-dried, if no cellar is available, a storage ditch can be dug at the cool and high-dry shady part before soil is frozen, the ditch is 80-100cm deep and 125cm wide, the length is determined according to the number of the scion strips, clean river sand with the thickness of 2-3cm and the water content of 5-10 percent is laid in the ditch before the scion strips are placed in the ditch, the scion strips are inclined to the ditch, the; selecting a stock after grafting and jointing, wherein the stock is a 24-month healthy birch, the stock needs to be a green and non-yellowing or low-yellowing tree, the root of the tree has no knot and less pits of the trunk, then selecting a branch positioned at one half of the trunk on the stock, cutting off a forked branch, if a plurality of branches with the diameter of 6cm are arranged at one half of the trunk, the whole branch has no wormholes and no rotten leaves, cutting off redundant branches from the joint of the branch and the trunk, cutting off the branch end with the length of 15cm, trimming the cross section of the cut branch to be level, taking a scion branch, cutting off the scion at the tops of 4 buds at the top of the branch to leave 3 buds on the scion, cutting off the 2cm position at the bottom of the scion to ensure that the root of the scion is wedge-shaped, then flatly placing the stock to ensure that the end surface of the stock is upward, and cutting off the position with the side surface of 0.5cm, and the depth of the cut is 3cm, so that the stock is exposed out of a white xylem, then the scion can be inserted into the cut of the stock, the stock and the scion are bound by using a film, finally, the indoleacetic acid, the alpha-sodium naphthalene acetate and the water are prepared into a solution according to the proportion of the indoleacetic acid to the alpha-sodium naphthalene acetate to the water =1:1:3, and the solution is directly sprayed to the connecting part of the scion and the stock after grafting is finished.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A pear tree grafting improvement method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting grafting time: firstly, selecting proper grafting time according to local air temperature, selecting spring march or autumn October for grafting in subtropical monsoon climate areas, and requiring proper air temperature and weather on the day of grafting so as to improve the survival rate of grafting;
s2, selecting grafted scions: cutting the scions for grafting at proper time according to grafting time, selecting proper vegetative branches with full tissues, mature development and full bud eyes on fruit trees when selecting the scions, quickly cutting off leaves after one fourth of the branches are picked from the roots, reserving 1-1.5cm leaf stalks to reduce water evaporation, and then bundling the scions into bundles with proper size;
s3, storage of scions: after the ear strips are picked and finished, the ear strips are placed in a deep cellar or a cave in time to be stored under the condition of proper storage temperature and humidity, when the ear strips are stored in the cellar, the lower half parts of the ear strips are buried in wet sand, the upper half parts of the ear strips are exposed outside, the bundle and the bundle are isolated by the wet sand, the opening of the cellar is tightly covered, the cellar is kept to be cold and cool, the temperature of the sand and the humidity in the cellar are frequently checked during the storage period, and the ear strips are prevented from being heated, mildewed or dehydrated and air-dried;
s4, selecting the grafted rootstock: the stock is selected to be a healthy birch tree with 18-24 months, and the selected stock needs to have green and no yellowing phenomenon or little yellowing phenomenon of leaves, no nodulation of roots and less pockmarks of tree bodies so as to improve the stress resistance of the grafted plant;
s5, selecting grafted branches: selecting a branch positioned at one half of a trunk on a rootstock, cutting the forked branch, cutting a branch end with the length of 10-15cm, and trimming the cross section of the cut branch to be level;
s6, scion pruning: taking a scion branch, cutting off the scion at the top of 3-4 buds at the top of the branch to leave 2-3 buds on the scion, and then sharpening the bottom of the scion at a position of 1-2cm to make the root of the scion in a wedge shape;
s7, grafting: the method comprises the following steps of placing the stock flatly, enabling the end face of the stock to face upwards, cutting the appropriate position of the stock to enable the stock to expose a white xylem, then enabling the scion to be inserted into the incision of the stock, binding the stock and the scion by using a film, and spraying a medicine on the scion after grafting is completed.
2. The pear tree grafting improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature in the S1 is 10-13 deg.C, and the weather is sunny or cloudy.
3. The pear tree grafting improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mature Yulu bergamot pear bearing trees which are pure in variety, high in quality, high in yield, strong in growth and free of diseases and insects are selected for the fruit trees in the S2, and the tree age requirement is 4-10 years.
4. The pear tree grafting improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the scion cutting in S2 should be performed in winter when used in spring, and in autumn when used several days before grafting.
5. The pear tree grafting improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the storage temperature in the S3 is 2-4 ℃, and the humidity is 90-92%.
6. The pear tree grafting improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: if no cellar is available in the S3, a storage ditch with the depth of 80-100cm and the width of 100-125cm can be dug at the cool and high-dry shady position before the soil is frozen, the length is determined according to the quantity of the scion, clean river sand with the thickness of 2-3cm and the water content of 5-10 percent is paved in the ditch before the scion is placed in the ditch, the scion is obliquely placed in the ditch, the river sand is filled until the scion is completely buried, and the surface of the ditch is covered with a rainproof material.
7. The pear tree grafting improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S5, if a plurality of branches are arranged in one half of the trunk, the healthest branch needs to be selected, and the redundant branches are cut from the joint of the trunk and the branch.
8. The pear tree grafting improvement method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the diameter of the healthy branches is 4-6cm, and the whole branches are free of wormholes and ulcerated leaves.
9. The pear tree grafting improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the proper position in the S7 is 0.5-0.8cm of the lateral surface of the rootstock, and the depth of the cut is 2-3 cm.
10. The pear tree grafting improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the S7 traditional Chinese medicine is indoleacetic acid and alpha-sodium naphthylacetate, the indoleacetic acid, the alpha-sodium naphthylacetate and water are prepared into a solution according to the proportion of the indoleacetic acid to the alpha-sodium naphthylacetate to the water =1:1:3, and the solution is directly sprayed to the connecting part of the scion and the stock after grafting is completed.
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- 2020-05-13 CN CN202010402059.9A patent/CN111587683A/en active Pending
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| CN104041333A (en) * | 2014-06-05 | 2014-09-17 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | Seedling culturing and planting method of whangkeumbae |
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| CN110073874A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-02 | 庆元县实验林场 | A kind of Ormosia hosiei grafting technique |
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Application publication date: 20200828 |