CN111567290A - Comprehensive control method for potted coccid myriococcus - Google Patents
Comprehensive control method for potted coccid myriococcus Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567290A CN111567290A CN202010482773.3A CN202010482773A CN111567290A CN 111567290 A CN111567290 A CN 111567290A CN 202010482773 A CN202010482773 A CN 202010482773A CN 111567290 A CN111567290 A CN 111567290A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of coccid prevention and control, and discloses a comprehensive prevention and control method for potted myriococcus grenadis mainly by a physical method. The method is safe and low in pollution, and based on different growth stages of potted succulent, the method mainly adopts physical technical methods such as high-temperature treatment of culture medium, short-time high-temperature spraying, oil film isolation and the like, and combines a series of measures such as insect pest situation prediction, soil proportion improvement and the like, so that the damage of scale insects to the potted succulent is effectively reduced, the use times and the use amount of pesticides are reduced, and the method has great significance for improving the ornamental value and the economic value of the potted succulent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coccid prevention and control, in particular to a comprehensive prevention and control method for potted doramelidium coccineum by mainly using a physical method.
Background
In recent years, succulent plant pot culture is popular with people rapidly due to the exquisite and small shape, and is widely applied to landscaping and courtyard green planting and planting. The succulent potted plant is extremely easy to be damaged by the scale insects, the plants are easy to yellow leaves and slow to grow after being damaged by the scale insects, even the whole plant is seriously killed, and the ornamental value and the economic value of the succulent potted plant are seriously influenced by the damage of the scale insects.
The main means for preventing and controlling the scale insects for a long time is chemical agent prevention and control, and the chemical agent prevention and control usually selects the following agents: acetamiprid, bifenthrin, imidacloprid, spirotetramat, buprofezin, emamectin benzoate and the like. Although the chemical agent has better effect in the early period, the 3R problem (resistance, rampant and residue) is very easy to generate in the later period, and the adverse effect on the environmental safety is also caused. In addition, the growing environment of potted meat is finally in the household balcony or the courtyard which is closely related to the life of people, so the environmental safety problem is particularly important. Therefore, the inventor invents a safe, low-pollution and physical method-based comprehensive prevention and control method for potted coccid myriococcus.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides the comprehensive control method of the coccid myriococcus in the pot culture, which is mainly based on a physical method, is safe and low in pollution, effectively reduces the damage of the coccid to the potted polypus, reduces the using times and the using amount of pesticides, and has great significance for improving the ornamental value and the economic value of the potted polypus.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a comprehensive control method of potted coccid dorsalis mainly by a physical method comprises the following steps:
s1: prevention and control in seedling breeding period
In the early stage of seedling breeding, covering a culture medium on a seedbed with a black film, and exposing the culture medium for 1-2 days in the sun to improve the temperature of the culture medium to achieve the insecticidal and bactericidal effects, wherein the culture medium is a mixture of deer biogas, vermiculite and perlite, and the volume ratio of the deer biogas, the vermiculite and the perlite is 1:1: 1;
s2: early pot-feeding prevention and control
At the initial stage of potting, yellow plates are inserted to lure pests in the adult insect emergence period, the number of yellow mealybugs is investigated every 7 days, and when the insect population is below 300 heads/plant, the plant is sprayed once with 200 times of mineral oil; when the insect population reaches above 300 heads/plant, spraying 1500 times of liquid of 0.3 percent azadirachtin to spray the whole plant once;
s3: cultivation setting period
In the cultivation setting period, covering the plant with a gauze protection net, investigating the number of plant insect mouths once every 7 days, when the insect mouths reach more than 300 heads per plant, spraying the plant leaves with clear water at 90-100 ℃, wherein the distance between the spraying point and the plant leaves is 15-25cm, and the spraying time of each plant is 5-10 s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is safe and low in pollution, and based on different growth stages of potted succulent, the method mainly adopts physical technical methods such as high-temperature treatment of culture medium, short-time high-temperature spraying, oil film isolation and the like, and combines a series of measures such as insect pest situation prediction, soil proportion improvement and the like, so that the damage of scale insects to the potted succulent is effectively reduced, the use times and the use amount of pesticides are reduced, and the method has great significance for improving the ornamental value and the economic value of the potted succulent.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.
Example (b):
a comprehensive control method of potted coccid dorsalis mainly by a physical method comprises the following steps:
s1: prevention and control in seedling breeding period
As the fecundity of most of the scale insects is strong and the scale insects can cause harm in most of the whole year, the insect situation needs to be mastered according to the local temperature, the forecast is enhanced, and the scale insects can be found and prevented as early as possible when the scale insects are in a low age; according to the characteristics of low insect quantity and weak plants in the seedling breeding period, in the early stage of seedling breeding, a black film is used for covering a culture medium on a seedbed, the culture medium is exposed for 1-2 days in the sun to effectively improve the temperature of the culture medium to achieve the insecticidal and bactericidal effects, and the temperature of the culture medium can reach over 38 ℃ under the action of the sun, so that the effect of reducing insect sources in soil is achieved; the culture medium is a mixture of deer biogas, vermiculite and perlite, wherein the volume ratio of the deer biogas, the vermiculite and the perlite is 1:1: 1; the culture medium is beneficial to the growth and development of plants and enhances the disease and insect resistance of the plants;
s2: early pot-feeding prevention and control
At the initial stage of potting, yellow boards are inserted to lure pests in the adult generation period, the quantity of the yellow board scale insects is investigated every 7 days, when the insect population is below 300 heads/plant, the plant is sprayed with 200 times of liquid of mineral oil, and the mineral oil forms an oil film on the surface of the insect body to play a role in blocking oxygen, so that the insect body is dead; when the insect population reaches above 300 heads/plant, spraying 1500 times of liquid of 0.3 percent azadirachtin to the plant;
s3: cultivation setting period
In the cultivation setting period, covering a gauze protection net outside the plant to reduce insect sources, investigating the number of insect mouths of the plant once every 7 days, and spraying the leaves of the plant by using a sprayer filled with clear water at 90-100 ℃, wherein the distance between the spraying point and the leaves of the plant is 15-25cm, and the spraying time of each plant is 5-10 s.
The embodiment also verifies the effectiveness of the invention through the following experiments, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) study on the proportion of culture substrate
In the embodiment, 3 different substrate materials of grass carbon, fine sand, perlite, vermiculite and deer biogas soil are subjected to cross compounding according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, and as shown in table 1, 3 different formula culture substrates T1, T2 and T3 are obtained; selecting 30 strong and uniform Guanyin lotus plants, treating 10 plants each, and carrying out a cultivation test; the test results are shown in table 2, the lower case letters in table 2 show that the difference is significant at the level of 0.05, the data in table 2 show that the mixed culture medium of the deer biogas, the vermiculite and the perlite with the volume ratio of 1:1:1 is more nutritional and is more beneficial to the growth and development of plants, the average height and the diameter of the plants of the treatment group T1 are respectively 24.1cm and 1.02cm, and the difference is significant compared with those of the treatment groups T2 and T3;
TABLE 1 base materials of different proportions (volume ratio)
| Treatment of | Grass peat | Fine sand | Perlite | Vermiculite | Deer marsh |
| T1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| T2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| T3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
TABLE 2 influence of different ratios of base on the height and stem thickness of Guanyin lotus
| Treatment of | Average plant height cm | Average stem thickness cm |
| T1 | 24.1a | 1.02a |
| T2 | 21.4b | 0.92b |
| T3 | 20.5c | 0.91b |
(2) Research on pest control by mineral oil spraying method
In the experiment of this example, a healthy piece of Guanyin lotus leaf was placed in a corresponding culture dish, and then 100 heads of the Leptosphaera sinensis Lecanicillium were picked in with a writing brush, and the number of repetitions per treatment was 3; mixing mineral oil at different ratios into 100 times, 200 times, 400 times and 800 times of solution, and respectively spraying; after 24 hours and 48 hours of treatment, the mortality rate is observed, and the mortality rate of the scale insects under different concentration conditions is calculated; the results show that the kill rates of the nymphs of the Hibiscus solenopsis processed by 100 and 200 times of the liquid reach more than 90 percent, and the application of 200 times of the liquid for prevention and treatment is recommended to be more efficient and economical;
TABLE 3 lethal effect of mineral oil on Leptococcus solonii
(3) Lethal effect test of different biogenic pesticides on scale insect
The test reagents of this example were: 20 hundred million PIB/mL cotton bollworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus suspending agent, 800 IU/microliter bacillus thuringiensis, 0.3% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate, 1.3% matrine aqua and 4% rotenone emulsifiable concentrate; in the test, a healthy Guanyin lotus leaf blade is placed in each corresponding culture dish, then 100 heads of the Leptosphaera sinensis Leng are picked in by using a writing brush, and the number of times of treatment is 3; the 5 reagents are respectively sprayed with conventional concentrations of 1000 times of 20 hundred million PIB/mL Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus suspending agent, 200 times of 800 IU/microliter Bacillus thuringiensis, 1500 times of 0.3% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate, 1500 times of 1.3% matrine aqueous solution and 1500 times of 4% rotenone emulsifiable concentrate; the mortality rates were observed after 1d, 3d and 7d treatments, and the results are shown in Table 4, which indicates that azadirachtin has the best lethal effect on Hibiscus solenopsis, with the 3d corrected mortality rate being 82.42% or more, and the 7d corrected mortality rate being 91.11% or more.
TABLE 4 lethal effect of different biogenic pesticides on Leptococcus solonii
(4) Test of lethal effect of azadirachtin with different concentrations on Lecanicillium rosaceum
In the test, a healthy Guanyin lotus leaf blade is placed in each corresponding culture dish, then 100 heads of the Leptosphaera sinensis Leng are picked in by using a writing brush, and the number of times of treatment is 3; preparing 3000 times, 2000 times, 1500 times and 1000 times of azadirachtin emulsifiable solution according to different proportions, and respectively carrying out spray treatment; the mortality rates were observed at 1d, 3d and 7d of the treatment, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 5, which indicates that the 3d corrected mortality rates after 1000 times and 1500 times of liquid treatment are respectively 82.11% and 82.80% above; the 7d corrected mortality rate is respectively more than 90.11 percent and 92.22 percent; preferably, the 0.3 percent azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate is 1500 times of the emulsifiable concentrate for preventing and controlling the Chinese hibiscus mealybugs.
TABLE 5 lethal effect of azadirachtin on Leptococcus solonii
(5) Short time high temperature spray test
5.1 short-term high temperature Effect on 6 succulent varieties
In order to evaluate the heat resistance of succulent plants, 6 succulent varieties of alocasia amabilis, iridescent jade, zygocactus scholaris, sedum lineare and eighty-thousand generations are used as materials, the heat resistance of the succulent plants is identified by a conductivity method in combination with a Logistic equation through short-time high-temperature stress treatment; selecting 12 healthy and strong functional leaves for each variety, rinsing with deionized water, sucking water on the surface of the leaves with filter paper, and cutting the leaves into 0.5cm2Weighing 0.5g of the leaves, putting the leaves into a test tube containing 20mL of deionized water, and slightly shaking the test tube to ensure that the deionized water surface completely submerges the leaves; heating in water bath at 35 deg.C, 40 deg.C, 45 deg.C, 50 deg.C, 55 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 65 deg.C and 70 deg.C for 15min, taking out, standing for 2 hr, cooling to room temperature, and measuring conductivity R of the leaching solution with conductivity meter (DDS-11A type)a(ii) a Then placing the test tube into boiling water for 15min, taking out, standing, cooling for 2h, and measuring the conductivity R of the leaching solution againb3 replicates per treatment group; the conductivity R of the plant leaf leaching liquor measured under room temperature treatmentcIs used as a control; the plant cell injury rate calculation method comprises the following steps:
relative conductivity (REC) [ (R) for plant cell injurya－Rc)/(Rb－Rc)]×100
Wherein R isaConductivity values for different water bath temperature treatments; rbThe conductivity value after the water bath of boiling water; rcAs a control conductivity value;
TABLE 6 short-term hyperthermia effect on 6 succulent plants (injury rate,%)
TABLE 7.6 semi-lethal temperature of succulent plants under short-term high-temperature stress
The results shown in tables 6 and 7 show that the relative conductivity of the tested material gradually increases along with the increase of the treatment temperature, and the tested material has the trend of changing in an S-shaped curve; the semi-lethal temperature (LT50) of the test material is between 53.00 ℃ and 61.89 ℃;
5.2 lethal action of short-time high-temperature spray on Leptosphaeria solfata
In the test, a healthy Guanyin lotus leaf blade is placed in each corresponding culture dish, then 100 heads of the Leptosphaera sinensis Leng are picked in by using a writing brush, and the number of times of treatment is 3; spray treatment is carried out by adopting hot water 15-25cm away from the blades, and 6 gradients are set for the temperature of the hot water, wherein the gradients are as follows: 100 deg.C, 95 deg.C, 80 deg.C, 75 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 65 deg.C; the treatment time was 5s, 10s, and 15s, respectively. Mortality was observed. The results shown in Table 5 show that the corrected mortality rate of the Chinese white mulberry mealybugs by hot water spraying at the temperature of over 79 ℃ can reach over 80 percent, wherein the corrected mortality rate of the Chinese white mulberry mealybugs by hot water spraying at the temperature of over 86 ℃ in a short time can reach over 92 percent, and the short-time high-temperature spraying has a remarkable lethal effect on the Chinese white mulberry mealybugs;
TABLE 8 lethal effect of short duration high temperature spray on Leptosphaeria solfata
In the experimental process, hot water is sprayed 15-25cm away from the succulent plant leaves, the actual temperature of the leaf surfaces of the succulent plants is actually measured to be about 50-55 ℃, so that the test results shown in table 7 show that the short-time hot water spraying method from 5s to 15s can not cause obvious damage to the succulent plants.
In the embodiment, the heat treatment of the bearded mealybugs at 53 ℃ for 6min, at 56 ℃ for 1min, at 59 ℃ for 20s, at 62 ℃ for 10s and at 65 ℃ for 5s is respectively carried out on the bearded mealybugs, and the mortality of the bearded mealybugs reaches 100% after the bearded mealybugs are treated by the five treatment modes, which shows that the short-time high-temperature stress treatment method disclosed by the invention has a lethal effect on the scale insects.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the process of verifying the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all the equivalent structural changes made by applying the content of the specification of the invention should be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A comprehensive control method of potted coccid dorsalis mainly by a physical method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: prevention and control in seedling breeding period
In the early stage of seedling breeding, covering a culture medium on a seedbed with a black film, and exposing the culture medium for 1-2 days in the sun to improve the temperature of the culture medium to achieve the insecticidal and bactericidal effects, wherein the culture medium is a mixture of deer biogas, vermiculite and perlite, and the volume ratio of the deer biogas, the vermiculite and the perlite is 1:1: 1;
s2: early pot-feeding prevention and control
At the initial stage of potting, yellow plates are inserted to lure pests in the adult insect emergence period, the number of yellow mealybugs is investigated every 7 days, and when the insect population is below 300 heads/plant, the plant is sprayed once with 200 times of mineral oil; when the insect population reaches above 300 heads/plant, spraying 1500 times of liquid of 0.3 percent azadirachtin to spray the whole plant once;
s3: cultivation setting period
In the cultivation setting period, covering the plant with a gauze protection net, investigating the number of plant insect mouths once every 7 days, when the insect mouths reach more than 300 heads per plant, spraying the plant leaves with clear water at 90-100 ℃, wherein the distance between the spraying point and the plant leaves is 15-25cm, and the spraying time of each plant is 5-10 s.
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| CN104705064A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-06-17 | 浙江采悠生态科技有限公司 | Simple overwintering method for succulent plants |
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2020
- 2020-06-01 CN CN202010482773.3A patent/CN111567290A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
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| CN101292648A (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2008-10-29 | 张艳璇 | Application of wright's new Persimilis in vermin control of open type farmland, fruit, tea garden, bamboo forest |
| CN104705064A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-06-17 | 浙江采悠生态科技有限公司 | Simple overwintering method for succulent plants |
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