CN111564582A - 用于容纳牵引电池的至少一个单元模块的电池壳体 - Google Patents

用于容纳牵引电池的至少一个单元模块的电池壳体 Download PDF

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CN111564582A
CN111564582A CN202010092635.4A CN202010092635A CN111564582A CN 111564582 A CN111564582 A CN 111564582A CN 202010092635 A CN202010092635 A CN 202010092635A CN 111564582 A CN111564582 A CN 111564582A
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battery
battery housing
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S.菲比希
H.曼茨
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Volkswagen AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于容纳牵引电池(T)的至少一个单元模块(Z)的电池壳体(100)。电池壳体具有底部(101)，在其上布置单元模块(Z)，并且具有盖子(102)，其具有环绕的侧壁(102a)。通过盖子(102)来封闭电池壳体(100)。本发明提出，底部(101)构造底部平面(BE)并且盖子(102)如此置于底部(101)上，使得在盖子(102)与底部(101)之间的分离平面(TE)与底部平面(BE)相同。

Description

用于容纳牵引电池的至少一个单元模块的电池壳体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种带有权利要求1的前序部分的特征的用于容纳牵引电池的至少一个单元模块(Zellmoduls)的电池壳体。
背景技术
这样的电池壳体由文件DE 10 2012 012 663 A1已知。在公开的解决方案中壳体由容纳牵引电池的沟槽(Trog)和封闭沟槽的盖子构成。此外在牵引电池的构造支承结构的壳体与沟槽之间布置有板状的分隔体(Trennkoerper)。分隔体由带有非常高的导热能力的原料制成并且与沟槽的底部结构构造间隙，其由冷却剂流过。
在文件DE 10 2016 222 550 A1中说明了一种用于可调温的用于容纳电池单元的电池壳体的底部组件。该底部组件包括金属板，其一方面与电池单元处于导热连接中而另一方面可借助于循环的调温介质(Temperiermedium)调温。在金属板的背对电池单元的侧面上、在构造用于循环调温介质的空间的情况下，构造有流体密封的布置到金属板处的由纤维强化的塑料构成的壁部。
最后由文件DE 10 2011 016 799 A1已知一种用于电池模块的壳体，其带有第一和第二壳体件。壳体件相应大约成U形并且为了形成六边形壳体地可彼此放置。壳体件中的一个构造为冷却模块的一部分，其带有冷却剂进入口和冷却剂排出口。该壳体由导热的金属构成。而另一壳体由塑料构成。
发明内容
在已知的现有技术的背景下，本发明目的在于提供一种电池壳体，其可容易地装配/拆卸以及维护。
当前的目的通过带有权利要求1的特征的电池壳体来实现。
本发明的有利的实施方案或改进方案可由从属权利要求得出。
本发明从用于容纳牵引电池的至少一个单元模块的电池壳体出发。电池壳体具有底部，在其上布置、例如装配或固定单元模块。另外存在盖子，其具有环绕的侧壁并且通过其来封闭电池壳体。
牵引电池可被理解成这样的电池，其用于驱动电动-或混动车辆。术语单元模块包含多个电池单元联合成一单位。
根据本发明现在提出，底部构造底部平面并且盖子如此平放在底部上，使得在盖子与底部之间的分离平面(Trennebene)与底部平面是相同的。换言之，盖子即以侧壁平放在底部上。通过这些特征为此提供前提条件，即单元模块可容易地装配在电池壳体的底部上并且也使电池壳体明显易于装配到机动车处。另外通过该解决方案还使在壳体中可能的不密封部位的数量最少，因为以此可取消用于电池壳体的特别的维护孔。
根据第一改进方案提出，底部是底部单元的组成部分，在其中通过唯一的构件至少局部地构造有用于容纳冷却介质的冷却通道。即不是多个构件参与冷却通道的构造，而是冷却通道成型到所述构件中。由此为该至少一个单元模块的有效冷却提供前提条件，另一方面由此可显著提高泄漏可靠性。
为了使底部单元可最佳地用于牵引电池的冷却，底部单元由面向该至少一个单元模块的底板(其由导热材料构成)和构造冷却通道的构件构成。
底板优选地可由铝构成。底板和构造冷却通道的构件的接合优选地通过粘合、焊接或嵌合(Boerteln)来实现。以该方式可将底部单元稳定地保持在一起。
为了为此提供前提条件，即可将单元模块以简单的方式与机动车的功率-或驱动网络电连接，提出在构件中引导有电导线。电导线可构造为高压-和/或低压导线。由此可覆盖所有必需的电气供应线路(Versorgungsleitung)。
在此，如果底部单元具有电气接触单元(待装配的单元模块以配合触头(Gegenkontakt)可插到其中)，是极其有利的。因此，可将单元模块以极其简单的方式以“即插即用”的型式装配到底部单元上，其中，单元模块在装配之后自动地电气接触。
在本发明的另一设计方案中，底部或底部单元具有用于固定在机动车的车身处的固定孔和用于固定盖子的固定孔。
这有助于使能够可靠且密封地组装电池壳体并且另一方面使能够可靠且容易地将电池壳体固定在机动车处。
如果底部或底部结构具有用于固定该至少一个单元模块的固定孔，是有利的。由此使能够在底部上可靠地固定单元模块，而无需另外的构件如角架(Winkel)、卡圈(Schelle)等。
另一改进方案提出，具有冷却通道的构件是塑料-金属混合物。优选地，混合结构型式被实现成使得构件由金属基体构成，功能集成的塑料件置入金属基体中。功能集成的塑料件或塑料区域例如可用于容纳所述电导线并且如此尽管基体有导电特性仍造成电导线的充分的相互隔绝。
由此可有助于在寒冷中的良好的热隔绝和较小的重量，通过盖子由热塑性的构件(其局部地通过条状或带状的强化结构来强化)构成。强化结构例如可由金属亦或由碳纤维强化的纤维复合材料构成。
利用本发明还应来保护一种可电气驱动的机动车，在其中提供电池壳体的容易的装配和可接近性，其中，在维护情况中提供对于牵引电池的单元模块的简化的可接近性。
该目的利用根据权利要求10的机动车来实现。这样的机动车至少配备有根据本发明的电池壳体。
附图说明
本发明的优选的实施例在附图中示出并且根据附图在接下来的说明中详细地来阐述。由此本发明的另外的优点也还变得清楚。还在不同附图中的相同附图标记涉及相同的、类似的或功能相同的构件。即使对此不进行重复的说明或提及，在此也实现相应的或类似的特性和优点，。附图不是或至少不总是按照比例。在一些附图中可夸大地示出比例或间距，以便能够更清楚地突出实施例的特征。
其中相应示意性地：
图1在第一实施例中局部剖切地示出了电池壳体，
图2在第二实施例中以横截面示出了电池壳体，
图3在第三实施例中以透视图示出了电池壳体，
图4示出了根据图3中的剖线走向(Schnittverlauf)穿过电池壳体的底部单元的横截面以及
图5示出了带有装配的电池壳体的机动车。
附图标记清单：
1 底板
2 凹口
3 遮盖部(Abdeckung)
100 电池壳体
101 底部
102 盖子
102a 侧壁
103 固定孔
104 固定孔
200 电池壳体
201 底部
202 盖子
202a 侧壁
203 固定孔
204 固定孔
205 底部单元
206 底板
207 构件
208 冷却通道
300 电池壳体
301 底部
302 盖子
302a 侧壁
303 固定孔
304 固定孔
305 底部单元
306 底板
307 构件
308 冷却通道
309a 电导线(高压)
309b 电气接触装置(高压)
310a 电导线(低压)
310b 电气接触装置(低压)
311 固定孔
312 弹簧弹性的张紧设备
313 由绝缘材料构成的插入物(Einsatz)
BE 底部平面
M 装配-/拆卸方向
S 支撑柱(Stützsstrebe)
T 牵引电池
TE 分离平面
Z 单元模块。
具体实施方式
在图1中在之后的装配取向上从侧面示出电池壳体100。电池壳体100具有大致平面的底部101，在其上布置或者说装配有由单个电池单元构成的多个单元模块Z。
电池壳体100通过盆状的盖子102来封闭，使得形成用于单元模块Z的封闭的容纳空间。
单元模块Z构造机动车的牵引电池T。仅示例性地示出三个单元模块Z。可考虑与此不同的数量的单元模块Z。
盖子102具有环绕的侧壁102a。在侧壁102a的下部的、凸缘式的端部处盖子102与底部101的固定孔104以合适的方式旋拧。
另外，底部101(其构造为大致板状的构件)在边缘区域中具有环绕的固定孔103，借助于其可将电池壳体100固定在机动车的车身处。
此外如可见的那样，由底部101形成底部平面BE。因为盖子102以其侧壁102a也置于底部101上，在盖子102与底部101之间形成分离平面TE，其与底部平面BE相同。在分离平面中即可将盖子从底部101抬起。
以该方式明显改善单元模块在底部101上的装配以及还有在维护情况中之后的可接近性。尤其可放弃在电池壳体100中或在盖子102中单独的维护活门(Wartungsklappe)，因为通过底部平面BE和分离平面TE的合并已提供对单元模块Z的充分的可接近性。
在图2中示出电池壳体200的第二实施例。不同于之前的实施例，在此存在底部201，其是底部单元205的组成部分。
底部单元205由底板206和另外的构件207构成。在另外的构件207中至少模制有冷却通道208。构件207由导热的金属构成。
为了使能够实现到单元模块Z处的快速且均匀的热分布或冷却，底板206由非常好传导性的材料、优选地由铝构成。
底部单元205优选地由此来形成，即底板206和构件207互相粘合、焊接亦或嵌合。
另外存在带有环绕的侧壁202a的盖子202，其与底部单元205的固定孔204固定、优选地旋拧。
底部单元205在其方面又具有固定孔203，借助于其可将底部单元固定在机动车的车身处。
在该实施形式中也可见的是，由底部201形成的底部平面BE与由盖子202和底部单元205形成的分离平面TE重合。
可选地，壳体202可设有在高度方向上起作用的支撑柱S(以虚线表示)，其在电池壳体200的装配状态中置于底部201上。
在图3和图4中透视性地示出电池壳体300的另外的实施形式。
除了单元模块Z的有效冷却之外，电池壳体300还使其在电池壳体300的底部301上能够容易地电气接触和装配。
为了可更好地示出，仅以虚线表示壳体300的盖子302。盖子302还以环绕的侧壁302a平放在电池壳体300的底部301上。此处由底部301形成的底部平面与由底部301或者说由底部单元305和盖子302形成的分离平面也重合。这造成已描述的优点。
另外可见的是，底部单元305又由底板306和另外的构件107构成。底板306由良好地导热的金属、优选地铝构成。构件307具有基体，其同样由金属构成。即构件307主要由金属构成。然而构件307具有由绝缘材料、优选地由塑料构成的插入物313。在插入物313中又置入有用于高压范围的电导线309a和用于低压范围的电导线310a并且因此它们相互良好地彼此隔绝。
如根据图3可识别出的那样，电导线309a或310a在每个单元模块Z的装配区域中向上从底部单元305以电气接触装置309b或310b的型式引导出来。
以该方式通过简单地插到底部单元305上使单元模块Z的特别简单的电气接触成为可能。在电池壳体300到机动车处的装配状态中电导线309a或310a以合适的方式与机动车的高压-或低压网络相连接(未示出)。
另外，可将每个单元模块Z(示例性地示出仅仅一个)经由固定孔311固定、优选地旋拧在底部301处。
附加地或备选地可考虑将单元模块经由至少一个弹簧弹性的张紧设备312压到被冷却的底部301处。
为了冷却底部301或底板306，又在构件307中构造有冷却通道308。
固定孔303或304又用于将底部单元305固定在机动车的车身处或用于将盖子302固定在底部单元305上。
最后在图5中示出机动车K，其配备有根据本发明的电池壳体100、200或300。
对此机动车K具有底板1，其设有底部侧的凹口2。
为了装配电池壳体100、200、300或者为了装备机动车K现在可如下来进行：
为了准备，将单元模块Z装配到电池壳体100、200、300的底部或底部单元上。由于底部单元的平面的实施方案，这可特别简单地来实现。接着从上面通过盖子实现电池壳体100的装配和封闭。
接着使预装配的电池壳体100、200或300在凹口2的区域中移动到机动车K之下并且在装配方向M上从下向上置入凹口2中并且以已说明的方式与底板1旋拧。
为了保护免受环境影响(如喷水等)从下面通过遮盖部3来遮盖电池壳体100、200或300。
在维护情况中以相反的顺序实现拆卸。
还应提及的是，在所有实施形式中电池壳体的盖子102、202和302是热塑性的构件，其局部地通过条状或带状的金属结构(所谓的带子(Tape))来强化。
以该方式通过盖子在较冷的温度下可在高稳定性和低重量的情况下实现良好的热绝缘。

Claims (10)

1. 一种用于容纳牵引电池(T)的至少一个单元模块(Z)的电池壳体(100, 200, 300)，其带有底部(101, 201, 301)，在所述底部上布置所述单元模块(Z)，并且带有盖子(102,202, 302)，其具有环绕的侧壁(102a, 202a, 302a)并且通过其来封闭所述电池壳体(100,200, 300)，其特征在于，所述底部(101, 201, 301)构造底部平面(BE)并且所述盖子(102,202, 302)这样置于所述底部(101, 201, 301)上，使得在所述盖子(102, 202, 302)与所述底部(101, 201, 301)之间的分离平面(TE)与所述底部平面(BE)相同。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池壳体(200, 300)，其特征在于，所述底部(201, 301)是底部单元(205, 305)的组成部分，在所述底部单元中通过唯一的构件(207, 307)至少局部地构造有用于容纳冷却介质的冷却通道(208, 308)。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池壳体(200, 300)，其特征在于，所述底部单元(205,305)由面向至少一个所述单元模块(Z)的由导热材料构成的底板(206, 306)和构造所述冷却通道(208, 308)的所述构件(207, 307)构成。
4. 根据前述权利要求2和3中任一项所述的电池壳体(300)，其特征在于，在所述构件(307)中引导有电导线(309a, 310a)。
5. 根据前述权利要求2至4中任一项所述的电池壳体(300)，其特征在于，所述底部单元(305)具有电气接触装置(309b, 310b)，所述单元模块(Z)能够以配合触头插到所述电气接触装置中。
6. 根据前述权利要求2至5中任一项所述的电池壳体(100, 200, 300)，其特征在于，所述底部(101, 201, 301)具有用于固定在机动车(K)的车身处的固定孔(103, 203, 303)和用于固定所述盖子(102, 202, 302)的固定孔(104, 204, 304)。
7.根据前述权利要求2至6中任一项所述的电池壳体(300)，其特征在于，所述底部(301)具有用于固定至少一个所述单元模块(Z)的固定孔(311)。
8.根据前述权利要求2至7中任一项所述的电池壳体(300)，其特征在于，所述构件(305)是塑料-金属混合物。
9. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电池壳体(100, 200, 300)，其特征在于，所述盖子(102, 202, 302)是热塑性的构件，其局部地通过条状或带状的金属结构来强化。
10. 一种可电驱动的机动车(K)，其特征在于至少一个根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的电池壳体(100, 200, 300)。
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