CN111560607B - 热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液及热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法 - Google Patents

热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液及热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111560607B
CN111560607B CN202010589576.1A CN202010589576A CN111560607B CN 111560607 B CN111560607 B CN 111560607B CN 202010589576 A CN202010589576 A CN 202010589576A CN 111560607 B CN111560607 B CN 111560607B
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董学强
朱宁芳
徐接旺
周一林
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Pangang Group Panzhihua Iron and Steel Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液及热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法,属于热镀锌铝镁钢板技术领域,所述热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液各成分含量以100重量份水为基准计,水性树脂乳液10~30重量份、弱酸性物质1~5重量份、硫脲3~10重量份、酸性硅烷偶联剂10~20重量份,多磷酸盐2~8重量份;所述热镀锌铝镁钢板的镀层化学成分按重量百分比计为1~5%Al、0.2~3%Mg,其余为Zn。本发明制备的热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液用于热镀锌铝镁板后,具有优异的环保性、涂装性、耐蚀性、耐黑变性、耐指纹性以及耐水性。

Description

热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液及热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备 方法
技术领域
本发明属于热镀锌铝镁钢板技术领域,具体涉及一种热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液及热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法。
背景技术
随着用户市场对材料耐蚀性的要求越来越高,目前在世界各国广泛应用于建筑、汽车及家电制造等行业的热镀锌(GI)和热镀55%Al-Zn合金镀层(GL)钢板等已属于“传统”镀层钢板,而热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢板正是应运而生的新型镀层钢板。
Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层于20世纪80年代在国外引起广泛关注,成为热浸镀锌及锌合金镀层专业领域的研究重点。从国内外同行的研究结果来看,在镀层Zn、Al含量同等水平条件下,添加Mg的热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢板具有更优的耐蚀性,且材料的加工应用性能(成形性、焊接性及涂装性)优良,可替代现行相应的热浸镀锌或锌合金镀层钢板,市场需求前景十分广阔。
现有热浸镀Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢板可分为“低铝”(WAl<5%)、“中铝”(5%≤WAl<13%)和“高铝”(47%≤WAl≤57%)三种类型。在家电、汽车应用领域,为保证Zn-Al-Mg合金镀层钢板满足用户的冲压成型要求,要具有良好的成形性,需采用低铝的成分体系。
由于锌铝镁合金镀层表面有大量的Al、Mg元素,在放置和储运过程中极易发生氧化,出现发黑现象,严重时出现黑色锈蚀现象。为提高锌铝镁合金镀层钢板的耐蚀性和预防其黑变,需进行表面处理,因此,表面涂层须具有涂装性能。但目前国内锌铝镁镀层钢板环保表面处理技术尚不成熟,在锌铝镁镀层钢板表面处理试验过程发现,普通的无铬钝化涂层普遍存在耐黑变和耐蚀性差的问题,不能满足“NSST/72h锈蚀面积≤5,色差≤4”的要求,且也不具备涂装性能,不利于产品应用。
为了实现锌铝镁合金镀层钢板产品品种在家电、汽车不同零部件应用,开发一种具有涂装性等性能的热浸镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有优异的环保性、涂装性、耐蚀性、耐黑变性、耐指纹性以及耐水性的热浸镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板。
为了实现上述目的,本发明首先提供了一种热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液,所述处理液各成分含量以100重量份水为基准计,水性树脂乳液10~30重量份、弱酸性物质1~5重量份、硫脲3~10重量份、酸性硅烷偶联剂10~20重量份,多磷酸盐2~8重量份。
进一步的,上述热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液,所述处理液各成分含量以100重量份水为基准计,水性树脂乳液20~30重量份、弱酸性物质2~3重量份、硫脲3~6重量份、酸性硅烷偶联剂15~20重量份,多磷酸盐2~8重量份。
进一步的,上述热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液,所述处理液的pH为3.5~5.5。
进一步的,上述热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液,所述水性树脂乳液的固含量为35~45%,选自水性丙烯酸乳液、水性苯丙乳液、水性氟碳乳液、水性酚醛乳液、水性硅丙乳液、水性环氧树脂或水性醇酸树脂中的至少一种;优选的,所述水性树脂乳液为水性苯丙乳液和/或水性硅丙乳液。
进一步的,上述热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液,所述弱酸性物质为甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乙二酸、丙二酸、已二酸、辛二酸、乳酸、果酸、柠檬酸、马来酸、苯甲酸或乳酸中的至少一种;优选的,所述弱酸性物质为乙二酸和/或乳酸。
进一步的,上述热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液,所述酸性硅烷偶联剂为3-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-乙酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三异丙氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-脲丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-脲丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷或3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种;优选的,所述酸性硅烷偶联剂为3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷和/或3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。
进一步的,上述热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液,所述多磷酸盐为六偏磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钾、三聚磷酸钾、六偏磷酸铵或三聚磷酸铵中的至少一种;优选的,所述多磷酸盐为三聚磷酸钠和/或六偏磷酸钾。
本发明还提供了上述热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将硫脲溶于水中,然后加入多磷酸盐,溶解完全后加入弱酸性物质,待完全溶解后加入酸性硅烷偶联剂,水解完全后加入水性树脂乳液,搅拌均匀后即可。
本发明还提供了一种热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将权利要求1~7任一项所述的热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液涂覆在热镀锌铝镁合金镀层钢板上,于80~120℃下固化10~60s即可,所述热镀锌铝镁合金镀层钢板的镀层化学成分按重量百分比计为1~5%Al、0.2~3%Mg,其余为Zn。
本发明还提供了上述热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法制备的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板,所述钝化板的无铬钝化涂层的厚度为0.4~2.0μm。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供的热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液不含铬,不会对人体和环境造成危害,环保性好;本发明提供的热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液具有良好的稳定性,各种成分协同作用,涂敷固化后形成的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板具有优异的涂装性、耐蚀性、耐黑变性、耐指纹性、以及耐水性等性能。
具体实施方式
本发明针对热镀锌铝镁合金镀层易出现黑变,且在冲压后需进行涂装的性能要求,通过增强膜层的封闭作用及钝化膜层与镀层和陶化+喷涂涂层结合力,从而提高了钝化膜层的耐蚀性、耐黑变性、涂装性、耐水性、耐指纹性,满足了家电、汽车用户的冲压和喷涂要求。具体的,本发明首先提供了一种热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液,所述处理液各成分含量以100重量份水为基准计,水性树脂乳液10~30重量份、弱酸性物质1~5重量份、硫脲3~10重量份、酸性硅烷偶联剂10~20重量份,多磷酸盐2~8重量份。
本发明的热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液以水性树脂为主成膜物质,水解后的硅烷偶联剂一方面与镀层发生反应,一方面与水性树脂交联反应,增强了镀层和表面钝化膜层的结合力,有助于与陶化+喷涂涂层的结合力,从而即增强了钝化膜层的封闭作用又提高了涂装性能;硫脲和多磷酸盐即可和镀层反应成膜,又可填充在膜层空隙中,增强了钝化膜层的封闭作用,提高了钝化膜的耐蚀性和耐黑变性。
本发明处理液的重量份配比是结合成膜条件和各组分的协同作用来确定的,如果配比不在本发明范围内,处理液的效果会很差。
为了确保硅烷偶联剂能充分水解,本发明的表面处理液的pH必须控制在3.5~5.5,并且该范围的pH也是表面处理液稳定储存的基础。
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步的描述,并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
一、热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液及热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备
1、热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液:
首先按照表1中热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液的各组分含量称取各组分,首先将硫脲溶于水中,然后加入多磷酸盐,溶解完全后加入弱酸性物质,待完全溶解后加入酸性硅烷偶联剂,1h后水解完全,加入水性树脂乳液,搅拌均匀后放置30min即得本发明制备的热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液。
2、热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备:
用常规方法制备热镀锌铝镁合金镀层钢板,将步骤1制备的热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液分别辊涂涂覆在2%Al-2%Mg-Zn的热镀锌铝镁合金镀层钢板上,在100℃的固化温度下固化20s,形成厚度为0.4~2.0μm无铬钝化涂层,冷却至室温,即得热浸镀锌铝镁合金镀层无铬钝化板钝化板。
表1热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液的组分含量(重量份)以及pH
水性树脂乳液 弱酸性物质 硫脲 硅烷偶联剂 多磷酸盐 pH
实施例1 100 20 3 6 15 5 4.5
实施例2 100 10 5 10 12 6 3.5
实施例3 100 15 4 8 10 4 4.0
实施例4 100 25 2 3 20 2 5.0
实施例5 100 30 3 5 18 8 4.5
对比例1 100 0 3 6 15 5 4.5
对比例2 100 20 0 6 15 5 8.5
对比例3 100 20 3 0 15 5 4.0
对比例4 100 20 3 6 0 5 4.0
对比例5 100 20 3 6 15 0 4.0
实施例6 100 20 3 6 15 5 4.5
实施例7 100 20 3 6 15 5 4.5
实施例8 100 20 3 6 15 5 4.5
实施例9 100 20 3 6 15 5 4.5
实施例1-9和对比例1-5中,各组分的具体选择如下:
实施例1~5、对比例1-5中,水性树脂乳液为水性硅丙乳液,弱酸性物质为乙二酸,酸性硅烷偶联剂为3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷,多磷酸盐为三聚磷酸钠。
实施例6中,与实施例1不同的是,水性树脂乳液为水性苯丙乳液。
实施例7中,与实施例1不同的是,弱酸性物质为乳酸。
实施例8中,与实施例1不同的是,酸性硅烷偶联剂选用的3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。
实施例9中,与实施例1不同的是,多磷酸盐为六偏磷酸钾。
二、热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液及其用于热镀锌铝镁钢板后的性能测试
热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液稳定性的测试方法为:将配置好的处理液放于室内通风处,观察液体稳定储存(不出现颜色变化、沉淀、凝聚等不良现象)的时间,结果见表2(目前处理液的保质期为90d)。
对实施例1-9制备的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板1-9和对比例1-5制备的钝化板L1-L5的耐蚀性、耐黑变性、耐指纹性、耐水性、涂装性进行测试,结果见表3。
其中,耐蚀性按照GB/T10125中规定的方法和条件进行腐蚀试验,然后按照GB12335-90的规定对腐蚀结果进行评价(以72h、96h后的腐蚀面积占总面积的百分比表示)。其中,腐蚀面积越小越好(目前一般要求NSST/72h腐蚀面积≤5%)。
耐黑变性按照测试72h中性盐雾试验前后的色差变化,若表面未见有明显色变,即色差值≤4,则耐黑变性良好。
耐指纹性按照试样表面涂抹凡士林前后色差值的变化判定:若前后色差的变化小于1,则为A级;若前后色差的变化大于1,小于2,则为B级;若前后色差的变化大于2小于4,则为C级;若前后色差的变化大于4,则为D级。目前涂层的耐指纹性一般为B级及以上。
耐水性是采用100℃去离子水滴于试样来测定:若试样完全无水迹,则为A级;有轻微水迹,则为B级;明显水迹,则为C级。目前涂层耐水性一般为A级或B级。
涂装性按照试样经陶化+喷涂后的附着性(划格试验)来判定:若喷涂涂层未见有脱落、翘起等现象,则为0级,若出现轻微翘起,则为1级,若出现少量脱落,则为2级,若出现大量脱落,则为3级。为满足喷涂要求,附着性需达到0级或1级。
表2处理液液稳定性测试结果
处理液 稳定时间(d) 处理液 稳定天数
实施例1 ≥90 实施例8 ≥90
实施例2 ≥90 实施例9 ≥90
实施例3 ≥90 对比例1 ≥90
实施例4 ≥90 对比例2 ≤5
实施例5 ≥90 对比例3 ≥90
实施例6 ≥90 对比例4 ≥90
实施例7 ≥90 对比例5 ≥90
表3热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002554944070000051
Figure BDA0002554944070000061
通过表2和表3的数据,通过实施例1-9与对比例1-5的对比,可以看出,本发明提供的热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液具有良好的稳定性,在涂敷固化后形成的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板具有良好的耐蚀性、耐黑变性、耐指纹性、耐水性、涂装性等性能。

Claims (11)

1.热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液涂覆在热镀锌铝镁合金镀层钢板上,于80~120℃下固化10~60s即可,所述热镀锌铝镁合金镀层钢板的镀层化学成分按重量百分比计为1~5%Al、0.2~3%Mg,其余为Zn;
热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液的各成分含量以100重量份水为基准计,水性树脂乳液10~30重量份、弱酸性物质1~5重量份、硫脲3~10重量份、酸性硅烷偶联剂10~20重量份,多磷酸盐2~8重量份;所述处理液的pH为3.5~5.5;
热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液的制备方法包括以下步骤:将硫脲溶于水中,然后加入多磷酸盐,溶解完全后加入弱酸性物质,待完全溶解后加入酸性硅烷偶联剂,水解完全后加入水性树脂乳液,搅拌均匀后即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法,其特征在于,热镀锌铝镁钢板表面处理液的各成分含量以100重量份水为基准计,水性树脂乳液20~30重量份、弱酸性物质2~3重量份、硫脲3~6重量份、酸性硅烷偶联剂15~20重量份,多磷酸盐2~8重量份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水性树脂乳液的固含量为35~45%,选自水性丙烯酸乳液、水性苯丙乳液、水性氟碳乳液、水性酚醛乳液、水性硅丙乳液、水性环氧树脂或水性醇酸树脂中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水性树脂乳液为水性苯丙乳液和/或水性硅丙乳液。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述弱酸性物质为甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乙二酸、丙二酸、已二酸、辛二酸、乳酸、果酸、柠檬酸、马来酸、苯甲酸或乳酸中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述弱酸性物质为乙二酸和/或乳酸。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酸性硅烷偶联剂为3-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-乙酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三异丙氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-脲丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-脲丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷或3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酸性硅烷偶联剂为3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷和/或3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多磷酸盐为六偏磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钾、三聚磷酸钾、六偏磷酸铵或三聚磷酸铵中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求9所述的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多磷酸盐为三聚磷酸钠和/或六偏磷酸钾。
11.权利要求1~10任一项所述热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板的制备方法制备的热镀锌铝镁无铬钝化板,所述钝化板的无铬钝化涂层的厚度为0.4~2.0μm。
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