CN111557790A - 一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料 - Google Patents
一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111557790A CN111557790A CN202010415542.0A CN202010415542A CN111557790A CN 111557790 A CN111557790 A CN 111557790A CN 202010415542 A CN202010415542 A CN 202010415542A CN 111557790 A CN111557790 A CN 111557790A
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- layer
- dressing
- antibacterial
- hyaluronic acid
- alginate
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，包括层叠复合的基底层、敷芯层、粘贴层、油光面脱纸层；敷芯层包括层叠复合在一起的第一敷料层、第二敷料层和第三敷料层；第一辅料层为壳聚糖纤维膜层，由壳聚糖和甘油以重量份比为10:1电纺而成；第二敷料层为透明质酸纤维膜层，由透明质酸纤维构成，透明质酸纤维膜层由静电纺丝技术制得；第三敷料层为海藻酸盐敷料层。壳聚糖具有抗菌消炎及止血等特性，透明质酸纤维具有良好的保湿性，藻酸盐纤维的纤维成分来自海藻，可吸收大量的液体，使得本医用敷料具有止血抑菌、保湿、促进伤口愈合的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及卫生材料技术领域，具体涉及一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料。
背景技术
皮肤是人体的重要器官，由表皮和真皮及皮下组织部分组成，皮肤的基本功能有五个方面：保护功能、调节体温功能、感觉功能、排汗功能、吸收功能。同时具有重要的物理、化学及生物屏障功能。作为人体的第一道屏障，皮肤在日常生活中极易受到伤害，刀具使用不当、摔伤、交通事故、打架斗殴等都可能造成皮肤的急性创伤；皮肤溃疡，尤其是慢性皮肤溃疡作为一种常见病病程长、难治愈且易复发，严重影响患者的生活和工作质量。皮肤创伤后引起的各种损害如新陈代谢加剧、体温下降、水分、血液和蛋白质的过度散失及内分泌和免疫系统的失调均与皮肤屏障作用的丧失有关。伤口创面如果得不到适当的保护就会容易染菌，一旦感染不能有效控制创面将会加深引发深度转型，感染菌群进入体内还会引发后续发生脓毒血症。
医用创面敷料是一类用以覆盖疮、伤口或其他损伤的重要生物医用材料，它可覆盖于皮肤创面上保护伤口，避免皮肤受到二次伤害，同时也可以为伤口的愈合提供有利的环境，其研究和发展一直是一个热点问题。随着医学治疗技术的发展以及患者的需求，人们对敷料的性能有了更高的要求。传统的棉纱布敷料在使用的过程中普遍存在产品种类和功能单一、没有形成系列产品、功能性缺陷等诸多问题，如敷料吸收创面渗出液的同时与创面粘连，换药时常常破坏新生的上皮和肉芽组织，引起出血造成二次创伤；有的敷料透气性差、不可降解，造成医源性污染；有的敷料对创面渗出液吸收不好，极易滋生细菌等。这些问题给患者和医疗系统带来了明显的负担。
近年来电纺技术在伤口敷料中的应用已引起了科学界的关注，除了高表面积和孔隙率，电纺纤维垫与提供细胞支持的皮肤细胞外基质相似，可以调节细胞活动，并允许营养物质的轻松运输。基于电纺纤维的抗菌敷料有不同的开发方法，一种是添加抗生素，但是这种方法存在一个主要问题就是细菌对抗生素的耐药性；有研究表明，与伤口感染有关的细菌中有70％以上至少对医院使用的一种抗生素具有抗药性。传统的敷料处理除了吸湿功能外，不具有抗菌性、抑菌性，为了达到抗菌抑菌的效果，必须配合其他药物来进行治疗或者消毒。
因此，为了拓展和保证医用敷料的医用价值，有必要开发具有固有消毒抗菌活性且不易产生抗药性的系统，以部分解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
为了部分解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种成型辅料产品，且同时具有抗菌、止血、促进伤口愈合等多项功能，具体技术方案如下：
一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，包括层叠复合的基底层、敷芯层、粘贴层、油光面脱纸层；上述敷芯层包括层叠复合在一起的第一敷料层、第二敷料层和第三敷料层；上述基底层中央设置有环形凹槽，上述第一敷料层设置于环形凹槽内；上述第一敷料层中间部位设置有方型凹槽，上述第二敷料层设置于上述方型凹槽内，上述的第二敷料层上设置有多个孔洞，各孔洞内均填充有上述第三敷料层；上述粘贴层设置于上述基底层边沿与凹槽之间，上述的油光面脱纸层通过上述粘贴层粘合在上述基底层的面上，并覆盖住上述敷芯层；上述第一辅料层为壳聚糖纤维膜层，由壳聚糖和甘油以重量份比为10:1电纺而成；上述第二敷料层为透明质酸纤维膜层，由透明质酸纤维构成，上述透明质酸纤维膜层由静电纺丝技术制得；第三敷料层为海藻酸盐敷料层。
上述海藻酸盐敷料层由将海藻酸盐纤维无纺布浸泡在功能性浸泡液中制备而成；其中功能性浸泡液由以下重量份的原料制备而成：羧甲基壳聚糖8-10份、类透明质酸壳聚糖1-2份、抗菌剂0.1-0.15份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5-5份、表皮细胞生长因子0.3-0.5份、胶原蛋白0.3-0.5份、水50-70份。上述海藻酸盐纤维无纺布切割成与所述孔洞相适配的规格。
上述抗菌剂为抗菌肽；上述海藻酸盐纤维无纺布与功能性浸泡液的质量份数比例为1:10-1:30。
上述的海藻酸盐敷料层的制备方法包括以下操作步骤：(1)取羧甲基壳聚糖、壳类透明质酸壳聚糖、抗菌剂、羧甲基纤维素钠、表皮细胞生长因子、胶原蛋白加入水中，混合均匀，得功能性浸泡液；(2)取海藻酸盐纤维无纺布浸入步骤(1)制备的浸泡液5-8小时后，取出海藻酸盐纤维无纺布，冻干、辐照，即得海藻酸盐敷料层。
上述透明质酸纤维是通过一下步骤得到的：在溶剂水中加入表面活性剂椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、甘油、透明质酸，搅拌混合1小时使其混合均匀，电纺丝得到透明质酸纤维。
上述透明质酸、水、甘油、椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱的重量比为30:60:20:1。表面活性剂椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱可降低溶液的表面张力，有助于透明质酸的电纺丝过程，使所得透明质酸纤维韧性好，强度高，且椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱具有一定的抗生素作用。
上述粘贴层为低致敏性的医用压敏胶层；上述油光面托纸层为格拉辛硅油纸。
上述基底层为防水透气膜、纺粘无纺布、水刺无纺布中的一种，防水透气膜可选择水性聚氨酯、聚乙烯或聚碳酸酯的其中一种，防水透气膜呈半透明状，半透明的防水透气膜便于直接观察敷料的吸收渗液情况。
上述基底层为矩形、蝶形、圆形、椭圆形、三角形或异形。
上述油光面脱纸层的边缘设有用于撕开的开口。
上述第一敷料层厚度为0.3mm、高于基底层中央的环形凹槽0.05mm，第一敷料层尺寸为基底层尺寸的1/2；上述第二敷料层厚度为0.2mm，第二敷料层尺寸为第一敷料层尺寸的1/3，上述第三敷料层的厚度为0.18mm；上述抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料规格为5cm*5cm/贴，可以是方型、圆型及其他易于使用的形状。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：
1、该抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料将具有不同功效的多层辅料复合在一起，形成一种无需附加药物、可直接使用的成型产品。在使用时，可直接撕下油光面脱纸层，并通过粘贴层粘贴于伤口处，通过壳聚糖纤维膜层、透明质酸纤维膜层、海藻酸盐敷料层的相互配合高效的抗菌消毒，并促进伤口愈合，使用方便，抗菌杀毒效果显著。
2、该抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料采用三层敷料层并用，可有效的克服现有敷料中功能单一性的缺陷；同时，甘油经过静电纺丝成为纳米纤维后，其表面积大幅增加，羟基官能团充分接触基底层，具有粘性，也确保了各敷料层之间的粘结性能，利用凹槽夹层的结构，使敷料的结构更紧密，有利于多种敷料功能的相互促进，协同作用；
3、抗菌肽主要具有带α-螺旋构象的阳离子和两亲区，可潜在地破坏细菌细胞膜，迅速地杀死大量细菌，此外，抗菌肽通过增强上皮形成和血管生成，中和脂多糖，免疫调节促进伤口有效愈合；
4、本发明羧甲基壳聚糖具有抗菌抗感染的作用，与抗菌剂抗菌肽协同作用，提升产品的抗菌抗感染功效；
5、壳聚糖具有抗菌消炎及止血等特性；透明质酸有助于细胞修复，保持皮肤湿润，更快地愈合伤口，组织修复的质量更高，透明质酸还有助于细胞迁移和细胞增殖，从而促进组织生长和血管生成，并可通过调节巨噬细胞的运动来调节吞噬作用；藻酸盐纤维的纤维成分来自海藻，可吸收大量的液体，因此通常用于明显的渗出性伤口；应用范围广泛，可适用于渗出液较多的湿性创面和需要敷料对创面保湿的干性创面。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料的断面结构示意图；
附图说明标记：
1-基底层；2-第一敷料层；3-第二敷料层；4-第三敷料层；5-粘贴层；6-油光面脱纸层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
海藻酸盐敷料层的制备操作步骤：(1)取羧甲基壳聚糖8份、壳类透明质酸壳聚糖2份、抗菌肽0.1份、羧甲基纤维素钠2份、表皮细胞生长因子0.3份、胶原蛋白0.3份加入水50份中，混合均匀，得功能性浸泡液；(2)取海藻酸盐纤维无纺布6份浸入步骤(1)制备的浸泡液6小时后，取出海藻酸盐纤维无纺布，冻干、辐照，即得海藻酸盐敷料层。
一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，包括层叠复合的防水透气膜、壳聚糖纤维膜层、透明质酸纤维膜层、海藻酸盐敷料层、粘贴层、油光面脱纸层；防水透气膜中央设置为带有环形凹槽的结构，壳聚糖纤维膜层设置于环形凹槽内；壳聚糖纤维膜层中间部位设置有方型凹槽，透明质酸纤维膜层设置于方型凹槽内，透明质酸纤维膜层上设置有孔洞，孔洞内填充有海藻酸盐敷料层；上述粘贴层设置于防水透气膜边沿与凹槽之间，上述的油光面脱纸层通过上述粘贴层粘合在防水透气膜的面上，并覆盖住壳聚糖纤维膜层、透明质酸纤维膜层、海藻酸盐敷料层。
实施例2：
海藻酸盐敷料层的制备操作步骤：(1)取羧甲基壳聚糖10份、壳类透明质酸壳聚糖1份、抗菌肽0.13份、羧甲基纤维素钠5份、表皮细胞生长因子0.5份、胶原蛋白0.3份加入水50份中，混合均匀，得功能性浸泡液；(2)取海藻酸盐纤维无纺布3份浸入步骤(1)制备的浸泡液6小时后，取出海藻酸盐纤维无纺布，冻干、辐照，即得海藻酸盐敷料层。
一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，包括层叠复合的防水透气膜、壳聚糖纤维膜层、透明质酸纤维膜层、海藻酸盐敷料层、粘贴层、油光面脱纸层；防水透气膜中央设置为带有环形凹槽的结构，壳聚糖纤维膜层设置于环形凹槽内；壳聚糖纤维膜层中间部位设置有方型凹槽，透明质酸纤维膜层设置于方型凹槽内，透明质酸纤维膜层上设置有孔洞，孔洞内填充有海藻酸盐敷料层；上述粘贴层设置于防水透气膜边沿与凹槽之间，上述的油光面脱纸层通过上述粘贴层粘合在防水透气膜的面上，并覆盖住壳聚糖纤维膜层、透明质酸纤维膜层、海藻酸盐敷料层。
实施例3：
海藻酸盐敷料层的制备操作步骤：(1)取羧甲基壳聚糖9份、壳类透明质酸壳聚糖1.5份、抗菌肽0.15份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5份、表皮细胞生长因子0.5份、胶原蛋白0.5份加入水70份中，混合均匀，得功能性浸泡液；(2)取海藻酸盐纤维无纺布3份浸入步骤(1)制备的浸泡液6小时后，取出海藻酸盐纤维无纺布，冻干、辐照，即得海藻酸盐敷料层。
一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，包括层叠复合的防水透气膜、壳聚糖纤维膜层、透明质酸纤维膜层、海藻酸盐敷料层、粘贴层、油光面脱纸层；防水透气膜中央设置为带有环形凹槽的结构，壳聚糖纤维膜层设置于环形凹槽内；壳聚糖纤维膜层中间部位设置有方型凹槽，透明质酸纤维膜层设置于方型凹槽内，透明质酸纤维膜层上设置有孔洞，孔洞内填充有海藻酸盐敷料层；上述粘贴层设置于防水透气膜边沿与凹槽之间，上述的油光面脱纸层通过上述粘贴层粘合在防水透气膜的面上，并覆盖住壳聚糖纤维膜层、透明质酸纤维膜层、海藻酸盐敷料层。
实施例4：
海藻酸盐敷料层的制备操作步骤：(1)取羧甲基壳聚糖9份、壳类透明质酸壳聚糖2份、抗菌肽0.1份、羧甲基纤维素钠2份、表皮细胞生长因子0.3份、胶原蛋白0.4份加入水55份中，混合均匀，得功能性浸泡液；(2)取海藻酸盐纤维无纺布5份浸入步骤(1)制备的浸泡液6小时后，取出海藻酸盐纤维无纺布，冻干、辐照，即得海藻酸盐敷料层。
一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，包括层叠复合的纺粘无纺布、壳聚糖纤维膜层、透明质酸纤维膜层、海藻酸盐敷料层、粘贴层、油光面脱纸层；防水透气膜中央设置为带有环形凹槽的结构，壳聚糖纤维膜层设置于环形凹槽内；壳聚糖纤维膜层中间部位设置有方型凹槽，透明质酸纤维膜层设置于方型凹槽内，透明质酸纤维膜层上设置有孔洞，孔洞内填充有海藻酸盐敷料层；上述粘贴层设置于防水透气膜边沿与凹槽之间，上述的油光面脱纸层通过上述粘贴层粘合在防水透气膜的面上，并覆盖住壳聚糖纤维膜层、透明质酸纤维膜层、海藻酸盐敷料层。
实施例5：
海藻酸盐敷料层的制备操作步骤：(1)取羧甲基壳聚糖8份、壳类透明质酸壳聚糖2份、抗菌肽0.1份、羧甲基纤维素钠3份、表皮细胞生长因子0.3份、胶原蛋白0.3份加入水60份中，混合均匀，得功能性浸泡液；(2)取海藻酸盐纤维无纺布4份浸入步骤(1)制备的浸泡液6小时后，取出海藻酸盐纤维无纺布，冻干、辐照，即得海藻酸盐敷料层。
一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，包括层叠复合的水刺无纺布、壳聚糖纤维膜层、透明质酸纤维膜层、海藻酸盐敷料层、粘贴层、油光面脱纸层；防水透气膜中央设置为带有环形凹槽的结构，壳聚糖纤维膜层设置于环形凹槽内；壳聚糖纤维膜层中间部位设置有方型凹槽，透明质酸纤维膜层设置于方型凹槽内，透明质酸纤维膜层上设置有孔洞，孔洞内填充有海藻酸盐敷料层；上述粘贴层设置于防水透气膜边沿与凹槽之间，上述的油光面脱纸层通过上述粘贴层粘合在防水透气膜的面上，并覆盖住壳聚糖纤维膜层、透明质酸纤维膜层、海藻酸盐敷料层。
敷料性能测试试验如下：(1)吸湿性检测：取5cm×5cm实施例制备的敷料，放入去离子水中浸泡10min，通过测量浸泡前后敷料重量得到敷料的吸水性。(2)抗菌性能：按照YY/T0471.5接触性创面敷料试验方法第5部分阻菌性潮湿条件下的阻菌性步骤测定。测试数据如下：
从上表中可以看出，本发明实施例1-5的吸水性和抗菌性非常好。
该抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料采用三层敷料层并用，可有效的克服现有敷料中功能单一性的缺陷；抗菌肽可潜在地破坏细菌细胞膜，迅速地杀死大量细菌，抗菌肽通过增强上皮形成和血管生成，中和脂多糖，免疫调节促进伤口有效愈合；壳聚糖具有抗菌消炎及止血等特性；透明质酸有助于细胞修复，保持皮肤湿润，更快地愈合伤口，组织修复的质量更高；高浓度的透明质酸有助于上皮细胞的有丝分裂，因此，伤口的愈合速度更快；透明质酸有助于细胞迁移和细胞增殖，从而促进组织生长和血管生成；透明质酸还可通过调节巨噬细胞的运动来调节吞噬作用；藻酸盐纤维的纤维成分来自海藻，可吸收大量的液体，因此通常用于明显的渗出性伤口；应用范围广泛，可适用于渗出液较多的湿性创面和需要敷料对创面保湿的干性创面。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，其特征在于：包括层叠复合的基底层、敷芯层、粘贴层、油光面脱纸层；所述敷芯层包括层叠复合在一起的第一敷料层、第二敷料层和第三敷料层；所述基底层中央设置有环形凹槽，所述第一敷料层设置于环形凹槽内；所述第一敷料层中间部位设置有方型凹槽，所述第二敷料层设置于所述方型凹槽内，所述的第二敷料层上设置有多个孔洞，各孔洞内均填充有所述第三敷料层；所述粘贴层设置于所述基底层边沿与凹槽之间，所述的油光面脱纸层通过所述粘贴层粘合在所述基底层的面上，并覆盖住所述敷芯层；所述第一辅料层为壳聚糖纤维膜层，由壳聚糖和甘油以重量份比为10:1电纺而成；所述第二敷料层为透明质酸纤维膜层，由透明质酸纤维构成，所述透明质酸纤维膜层由静电纺丝技术制得；第三敷料层为海藻酸盐敷料层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，其特征在于：所述海藻酸盐敷料层由将海藻酸盐纤维无纺布浸泡在功能性浸泡液中制备而成；其中功能性浸泡液由以下重量份的原料制备而成：羧甲基壳聚糖8-10份、类透明质酸壳聚糖1-2份、抗菌剂0.1-0.15份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5-5份、表皮细胞生长因子0.3-0.5份、胶原蛋白0.3-0.5份、水50-70份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，其特征在于：所述抗菌剂为抗菌肽；所述海藻酸盐纤维无纺布与功能性浸泡液的质量份数比例为1:10-1:30。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，其特征在于：所述的海藻酸盐敷料层的制备方法包括以下操作步骤：(1)取羧甲基壳聚糖、壳类透明质酸壳聚糖、抗菌剂、羧甲基纤维素钠、表皮细胞生长因子、胶原蛋白加入水中，混合均匀，得功能性浸泡液；(2)取海藻酸盐纤维无纺布浸入步骤(1)制备的浸泡液5-8小时后，取出海藻酸盐纤维无纺布，冻干、辐照，即得海藻酸盐敷料层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，其特征在于：所述透明质酸纤维是通过一下步骤得到的：在溶剂水中加入表面活性剂椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、甘油、透明质酸，搅拌混合1小时使其混合均匀，电纺丝得到透明质酸纤维。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，其特征在于：所述透明质酸、水、甘油、椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱的重量比为30:60:20:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，其特征在于：所述粘贴层为低致敏性的医用压敏胶层；所述油光面托纸层为格拉辛硅油纸。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，其特征在于：所述基底层为防水透气膜、纺粘无纺布、水刺无纺布中的一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，其特征在于：所述基底层为矩形、蝶形、圆形、椭圆形、三角形或异形。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌消毒纳米纤维医用敷料，其特征在于：所述油光面脱纸层的边缘设有用于撕开的开口。
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