CN111548120A - 3d打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷及其加工方法 - Google Patents

3d打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷及其加工方法 Download PDF

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CN111548120A
CN111548120A CN202010406299.6A CN202010406299A CN111548120A CN 111548120 A CN111548120 A CN 111548120A CN 202010406299 A CN202010406299 A CN 202010406299A CN 111548120 A CN111548120 A CN 111548120A
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曾俩相
曾剑鹏
曾俩丰
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Fujian Province Dehua Tongxin Ceramic Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及陶瓷及其加工方法领域,具体涉及一种3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷及其加工方法,其特征在于:坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土20‑25份、氧化铝10‑12份、氧化锆5‑8份、碳酸钙10‑12份、表面活性剂6‑7份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂50‑60份、分散剂5‑7份、羟基磷灰石粉末10‑20份、水30‑40份。本发明提供的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷及其加工方法,坯体光固化和碱凝固化同时进行,多重固化方式能够有效增强坯体强度,并大大提高成型速度;坯体脱脂后进行浸釉处理,减小孔隙率,避免烧成过程中坯体开裂,强度降低;打印过程中无需隔离外界光,便于实施观察打印情况。

Description

3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷及其加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷及其加工方法领域,具体的涉及一种3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷及其加工方法。
背景技术
传统的瓷塑制作,利用泥巴进行塑造成型、晾干、开模、倒坯、烧制等,所投入的时间、资金成本大,且不易于修改。相比传统的制作工序,3D技术的运用,更符合现代人的特点,通过3D建模或三维扫描做出产品模型,可根基实际需求改动,缩短样品开发时间,把传统技术和现代科技相结合,促进产业的发展。例如,申请号为CN201711107565.X的发明专利一种光固化3D打印用铝基陶瓷料浆及陶瓷型芯的制备方法,所述料浆由陶瓷配方粉体、光固化树脂体系、添加剂三部分组成,本申请示例的光固化3D打印用铝基陶瓷料浆,固相含量高、粘度小,适用于光固化3D打印的可光聚合,克服了目前光固化3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷所用的料浆存在的粘度大、流动性差,陶瓷颗粒在料浆中的易团聚、分散不均匀,固相含量低等问题。然而,现有的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷技术存在一些不足:脱脂后的坯体空隙率增加,导致坯体强度降低,易碎易裂;传统的SLA光固化3D打印成型技术,在树脂槽中盛满液态光敏树脂,它在紫外激光束的照射下会快速固化,因此打印环境需要隔离外界光,对外界光环境要求严格,不便于实施观察打印情况;3D打印成型的陶瓷表面形态单一,且烧成温度低,不适合高温釉料烧成,有鉴于此,本案由此产生。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷及其加工方法,以解决背景技术中提出的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷,其特征在于:所述坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土20-25份、氧化铝10-12份、氧化锆5-8份、碳酸钙10-12份、表面活性剂6-7份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂50-60份、分散剂5-7份、羟基磷灰石粉末10-20份、水30-40份;所述釉料以重量份计,包括如下组分:钾长石30-40份、白云石20-25份、碳酸钙5-7份、高岭石20-25份、石英20-25份和水20-30份。
优选的,所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠,所述分散剂为液体聚丙烯酸钠盐。
优选的,所述坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土20份、氧化铝10份、氧化锆5份、碳酸钙10份、表面活性剂6份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂50份、分散剂5份、羟基磷灰石粉末10份、水30份;所述釉料以重量份计,包括如下组分:钾长石30份、白云石20份、碳酸钙5份、高岭石20份、石英20份和水20份。
优选的,所述坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土25份、氧化铝12份、氧化锆8份、碳酸钙12份、表面活性剂6-7份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂60份、分散剂7份、羟基磷灰石粉末20份、水40份;所述釉料以重量份计,包括如下组分:钾长石40份、白云石25份、碳酸钙7份、高岭石25份、石英25份和水30份。
所述坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土22份、氧化铝11份、氧化锆6份、碳酸钙11份、表面活性剂6.5份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂55份、分散剂6份、羟基磷灰石粉末15份、水35份;所述釉料以重量份计,包括如下组分:钾长石35份、白云石22份、碳酸钙6份、高岭石22份、石英23份和水25份。
根据上述的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷的加工方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤a、制备坯料和釉料:将高岭土、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化硅、表面活性剂、丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂、分散剂和羟基磷灰石粉末按比例配制并混合,经球磨机球磨12-14h,然后按比例添加水制得坯料备用;将钾长石、白云石、碳酸钙、高岭石、石英按比例配制并混合,经球磨机球磨12-14h,然后按比例添加水制得釉料备用;
步骤b、3D打印成型和碱凝:通过3D打印成型机成型坯体,通过打印喷头将坯料喷射于成型板上,并在紫外线下固化下形成坯体,坯体打印成型的同时,成型板带动坯体下移进入碱凝槽内,坯体在碱凝槽内的碱激发溶液作用下经碱激发凝胶固化,坯体完全打印完成后,坯体继续下降直至坯体内外完全浸没碱激发溶液中;
步骤c、表面涂抹开片泥浆:在坯体表面上一层厚红色泥浆,然后上一层薄黑色泥浆;
步骤d、脱脂:将坯体加热至100-120℃,并保温20-30min,以进行脱水,之后提高温度至220-280℃,并保温30-40min,以进行脱脂,最后提高温度至600℃进行素烧;
步骤e、浸釉,将脱脂后的坯体浸入釉料中10-15min;
步骤f、上木灰和着色剂:在表面的局部喷涂木灰和着色剂;
步骤g、烧成:在还原氛围下,于1200-1250℃的烧成温度下烧成。
优选的,所述碱激发溶液为浓度10-15%的工业烧碱。
优选的,所述3D打印成型机包括碱凝槽、成型板和打印喷头,所述碱凝槽用于承载碱激发剂,所述打印喷头置于槽体上方,所述成型板在纵向驱动机构驱动下进行纵向移动,所述打印喷头连通坯料浆料池,打印喷头在打印驱动机构作用下进行水平面内运动。
优选的,所述碱凝槽上方设有用于提供紫外线的无影紫外灯,所述无影紫外灯包括旋转架、驱动旋转架旋转的转动装置和均布于旋转架上的多个紫外线灯。
优选的,红色泥浆的原料组分按重量份计,包含高岭土10-15份、石英15-20份、碳酸钡2-3份、石灰石15-18份、红色剂10-13份,其中红色剂按照质量比包含34%铅丹、7%氧化锡、59%氧化锑;黑色泥浆的原料组分按重量份计,包含高岭土20-25份、煅烧铬酸铁5-8份、石英5-8份、暗灰褐色色料4-5份、绿色色料1-1.5份,其中暗灰褐色色料按照质量比包含48.3%的氧化铬、51.7%的锌白,绿色色料按照质量比包含13.7%氧化铬、18.7%氧化钴、67.6%高岭土。
由上述描述可知,本发明提供的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷及其加工方法具有如下有益效果:坯体根据3D建模或三维扫描打印成型,可根据实际情况作出调整,缩短产品开发时间,无需传统模具,解决复杂形态的坯体无法成型的问题;坯体光固化和碱凝固化同时进行,且光固化采用紫外无影灯进行全方位照射固化,多重固化方式能够有效增强坯体强度,并大大提高成型速度,一次固化即可,无需二次固化,坯体适合施加高温釉料烧成;坯体脱脂后进行浸釉处理,减小孔隙率,避免烧成过程中坯体开裂,强度降低;打印过程中无需隔离外界光,便于实施观察打印情况;本发明采用的坯料和釉料配方以及制备方法,能够在较高的坯料含水率的前提下,保证坯体强度,避免喷头堵塞,坯体脱脂前抹泥浆和脱脂后上釉和木灰等操作,能够提供陶瓷表面局部裂片、哑光和白黑相间的釉面效果,具有丰富的表面效果。
附图说明
图1为3D打印成型机的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
本发明的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷,坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土20-25份、氧化铝10-12份、氧化锆5-8份、碳酸钙10-12份、表面活性剂6-7份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂50-60份、分散剂5-7份、羟基磷灰石粉末10-20份、水30-40份;釉料以重量份计,包括如下组分:钾长石30-40份、白云石20-25份、碳酸钙5-7份、高岭石20-25份、石英20-25份和水20-30份。
表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠,分散剂为液体聚丙烯酸钠盐。
具体实施一中,坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土20份、氧化铝10份、氧化锆5份、碳酸钙10份、表面活性剂6份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂50份、分散剂5份、羟基磷灰石粉末10份、水30份;釉料以重量份计,包括如下组分:钾长石30份、白云石20份、碳酸钙5份、高岭石20份、石英20份和水20份。
具体实施二中,坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土25份、氧化铝12份、氧化锆8份、碳酸钙12份、表面活性剂6-7份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂60份、分散剂7份、羟基磷灰石粉末20份、水40份;釉料以重量份计,包括如下组分:钾长石40份、白云石25份、碳酸钙7份、高岭石25份、石英25份和水30份。
具体实施三中,坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土22份、氧化铝11份、氧化锆6份、碳酸钙11份、表面活性剂6.5份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂55份、分散剂6份、羟基磷灰石粉末15份、水35份;釉料以重量份计,包括如下组分:钾长石35份、白云石22份、碳酸钙6份、高岭石22份、石英23份和水25份。
根据上述3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷的加工方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤a、制备坯料和釉料:将高岭土、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化硅、表面活性剂、丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂、分散剂和羟基磷灰石粉末于无光环境下按比例配制并混合,经球磨机球磨12-14h,然后按比例添加水制得坯料备用,由于丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂对紫外线光敏,制备过程中需要注意隔绝外界光;将钾长石、白云石、碳酸钙、高岭石、石英按比例配制并混合,经球磨机球磨12-14h,然后按比例添加水制得釉料备用;
步骤b、3D打印成型和碱凝:通过3D打印成型机成型坯体,通过打印喷头将坯料喷射于成型板上,并在紫外线下固化下形成坯体,坯体打印成型的同时,成型板带动坯体下移进入碱凝槽内,坯体在碱凝槽内的碱激发溶液作用下经碱激发凝胶固化,碱凝槽内的碱激发溶液对坯体内的矿物质起水催化作用,使矿物质的水化反应加快,反应将生成低钙硅酸盐、铝酸盐、硅铝酸盐凝胶,对坯体内外表面层进行加固,坯体进行光固化打印的同时,将坯体浸入碱激发溶液中,此时紫外线可穿透溶液继续对坯体进行固化,同时坯体还进行碱凝固化,因此可以大大提高固化速度和强度,且坯体不需要进行二次光固化;坯体完全打印完成后,坯体继续下降直至坯体内外完全浸没碱激发溶液中,完全浸没时间持续30-40s即可;碱激发溶液可采用浓度10-15%的工业烧碱。
当仅需要制备坯体样品时,步骤进行至步骤b即可,经过3D打印光固化和碱凝的坯体已经初步具备了坯体所需的强度,待试样成功定型后在进行后续步骤。
步骤c、表面涂抹开片泥浆:在坯体表面上一层厚红色泥浆,然后上一层薄黑色泥浆,厚泥浆和薄泥浆在后续的烧成过程中,由于热膨胀率不同,薄黑色泥浆会发生开裂现象,营造开片效果;具体的,红色泥浆的原料组分按重量份计,包含高岭土10-15份、石英15-20份、碳酸钡2-3份、石灰石15-18份、红色剂10-13份,其中红色剂按照质量比包含34%铅丹、7%氧化锡、59%氧化锑;黑色泥浆的原料组分按重量份计,包含高岭土20-25份、煅烧铬酸铁5-8份、石英5-8份、暗灰褐色色料4-5份、绿色色料1-1.5份,其中暗灰褐色色料按照质量比包含48.3%的氧化铬、51.7%的锌白,绿色色料按照质量比包含13.7%氧化铬、18.7%氧化钴、67.6%高岭土。
步骤d、脱脂:将坯体加热至100-120℃,并保温20-30min,以进行脱水,这个过程中需要将液态水和结晶水排出;之后提高温度至220-280℃,并保温30-40min,以进行脱脂,这个过程中坯体内的树脂发生了液化或汽化等物理反应和氧化等化学反应,脱脂完成后,坯体内部形成大量的孔隙;最后提高温度至600℃进行素烧;
步骤e、浸釉,将脱脂后的坯体浸入釉料中10-15min,釉料透过坯体内部空隙渗入坯体内部,进而增强坯体强度和坯釉结合度;
步骤f、上木灰和着色剂:在表面的局部喷涂木灰和着色剂;
步骤g、烧成:室温下于2小时升温至300℃,之后经1小时提升温度至950℃,保温1小时,最后在还原氛围下,于1200-1250℃的烧成温度下烧成,着色剂可选用上述暗灰褐色色料,釉料呈现为白色,而木灰和着色剂呈现黑色,加之厚红色泥浆和黑色泥浆铺底,烧成后的陶瓷表面呈现哑光效果,局部具有开片和裂纹,其面层白黑交替覆盖,形似火山坑状肌理,具有独特的审美价值。
如图1所示,用于成型所述3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷的3D打印成型机包括碱凝槽1、成型板2和打印喷头3,碱凝槽1用于承载碱激发剂,打印喷头2置于碱凝槽上方,成型板2在纵向驱动机构驱动下进行纵向移动(Z方向),打印喷头3连通坯料浆料池,打印喷头3在打印驱动机构作用下进行水平面内(X\Y方向)运动,打印喷头3、纵向驱动机构和打印驱动机构的结构采用现有技术,在此不再赘述。
碱凝槽1上方设有用于提供紫外线的无影紫外灯,无影紫外灯包括旋转架4、驱动旋转架旋转的转动装置和均布于旋转架上的多个紫外线灯5,转动装置可由伺服电机和传统机构构成,无影紫外灯在提供紫外线光照时,在转动装置驱动各下紫外灯5不断旋转,以提供全方位的光照,避免局部的阴影导致固化效果不好。
本发明提供的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷及其加工方法具有如下有益效果:坯体根据3D建模或三维扫描打印成型,可根据实际情况作出调整,缩短产品开发时间,无需传统模具,解决复杂形态的坯体无法成型的问题;坯体先进行喷墨打印光固化,坯体光固化和碱凝固化同时进行,且光固化采用紫外无影灯进行全方位照射固化,多重固化方式能够有效增强坯体强度,并大大提高成型速度,一次固化即可,无需二次固化;坯体脱脂后进行浸釉处理,减小孔隙率,避免烧成过程中坯体开裂,强度降低;打印过程中无需隔离外界光,便于实施观察打印情况;本发明采用的坯料和釉料配方以及制备方法,能够在较高的坯料含水率的前提下,保证坯体强度,避免喷头堵塞,坯体脱脂前抹泥浆和脱脂后上釉和木灰等操作,能够提供陶瓷表面局部裂片、哑光和白黑相间的釉面效果,具有丰富的表面效果。
上述仅为本发明的若干具体实施方式,但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。

Claims (10)

1.3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷,其特征在于:所述坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土20-25份、氧化铝10-12份、氧化锆5-8份、碳酸钙10-12份、表面活性剂6-7份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂50-60份、分散剂5-7份、羟基磷灰石粉末10-20份、水30-40份;所述釉料以重量份计,包括如下组分:钾长石30-40份、白云石20-25份、碳酸钙5-7份、高岭石20-25份、石英20-25份和水20-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷,其特征在于:所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠,所述分散剂为液体聚丙烯酸钠盐。
3.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷,其特征在于:所述坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土20份、氧化铝10份、氧化锆5份、碳酸钙10份、表面活性剂6份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂50份、分散剂5份、羟基磷灰石粉末10份、水30份;所述釉料以重量份计,包括如下组分:钾长石30份、白云石20份、碳酸钙5份、高岭石20份、石英20份和水20份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷,其特征在于:所述坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土25份、氧化铝12份、氧化锆8份、碳酸钙12份、表面活性剂6-7份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂60份、分散剂7份、羟基磷灰石粉末20份、水40份;所述釉料以重量份计,包括如下组分:钾长石40份、白云石25份、碳酸钙7份、高岭石25份、石英25份和水30份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷,其特征在于:所述坯料以重量份计,包括如下组分:高岭土22份、氧化铝11份、氧化锆6份、碳酸钙11份、表面活性剂6.5份和丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂55份、分散剂6份、羟基磷灰石粉末15份、水35份;所述釉料以重量份计,包括如下组分:钾长石35份、白云石22份、碳酸钙6份、高岭石22份、石英23份和水25份。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷的加工方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤a、制备坯料和釉料:将高岭土、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化硅、表面活性剂、丙烯酸甲酯光固化树脂、分散剂和羟基磷灰石粉末按比例配制并混合,经球磨机球磨12-14h,然后按比例添加水制得坯料备用;将钾长石、白云石、碳酸钙、高岭石、石英按比例配制并混合,经球磨机球磨12-14h,然后按比例添加水制得釉料备用;
步骤b、3D打印成型和碱凝:通过3D打印成型机成型坯体,通过打印喷头将坯料喷射于成型板上,并在紫外线下固化下形成坯体,坯体打印成型的同时,成型板带动坯体下移进入碱凝槽内,坯体在碱凝槽内的碱激发溶液作用下经碱激发凝胶固化,坯体完全打印完成后,坯体继续下降直至坯体内外完全浸没碱激发溶液中;
步骤c、表面涂抹开片泥浆:在坯体表面上一层厚红色泥浆,然后上一层薄黑色泥浆;
步骤d、脱脂:将坯体加热至100-120℃,并保温20-30min,以进行脱水,之后提高温度至220-280℃,并保温30-40min,以进行脱脂,最后提高温度至600℃进行素烧;
步骤e、浸釉,将脱脂后的坯体浸入釉料中10-15min;
步骤f、上木灰和着色剂:在表面的局部喷涂木灰和着色剂;
步骤g、烧成:在还原氛围下,于1200-1250℃的烧成温度下烧成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷及其加工方法,其特征在于:所述碱激发溶液为浓度10-15%的工业烧碱。
8.根据权利要求6所述的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷的加工方法,其特征在于:所述3D打印成型机包括碱凝槽、成型板和打印喷头,所述碱凝槽用于承载碱激发剂,所述打印喷头置于槽体上方,所述成型板在纵向驱动机构驱动下进行纵向移动,所述打印喷头连通坯料浆料池,打印喷头在打印驱动机构作用下进行水平面内运动。
9.根据权利要求6所述的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷的加工方法,其特征在于:所述碱凝槽上方设有用于提供紫外线的无影紫外灯,所述无影紫外灯包括旋转架、驱动旋转架旋转的转动装置和均布于旋转架上的多个紫外线灯。
10.根据权利要求6所述的3D打印火山坑状肌理陶瓷的加工方法,其特征在于:红色泥浆的原料组分按重量份计,包含高岭土10-15份、石英15-20份、碳酸钡2-3份、石灰石15-18份、红色剂10-13份,其中红色剂按照质量比包含34%铅丹、7%氧化锡、59%氧化锑;黑色泥浆的原料组分按重量份计,包含高岭土20-25份、煅烧铬酸铁5-8份、石英5-8份、暗灰褐色色料4-5份、绿色色料1-1.5份,其中暗灰褐色色料按照质量比包含48.3%的氧化铬、51.7%的锌白,绿色色料按照质量比包含13.7%氧化铬、18.7%氧化钴、67.6%高岭土。
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CN111978070A (zh) * 2020-09-02 2020-11-24 福建泉州顺美集团有限责任公司 利用德化浐溪淤泥制备的环保陶瓷及制备方法
IT202000021376A1 (it) * 2020-09-10 2020-12-10 Ri_Crea S R L S Procedimento per la realizzazione di opere artistiche ad espressione della conformazione dello spazio architettonico su supporto in ceramica
CN113698179A (zh) * 2021-09-22 2021-11-26 康硕(德阳)智能制造有限公司 一种用于3d打印的增韧陶瓷基材料及其制备方法
WO2022070002A1 (en) * 2020-10-02 2022-04-07 Intrepid Automation Vat-based additive manufacturing with dispensed material
CN117486635A (zh) * 2023-11-21 2024-02-02 广东欧文莱陶瓷有限公司 一种瓷砖3d柔性化颗粒打印方法
CN117567139A (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-02-20 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 一种基于光固化3d打印制备高韧性陶瓷材料的方法

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CN111978070A (zh) * 2020-09-02 2020-11-24 福建泉州顺美集团有限责任公司 利用德化浐溪淤泥制备的环保陶瓷及制备方法
IT202000021376A1 (it) * 2020-09-10 2020-12-10 Ri_Crea S R L S Procedimento per la realizzazione di opere artistiche ad espressione della conformazione dello spazio architettonico su supporto in ceramica
WO2022070002A1 (en) * 2020-10-02 2022-04-07 Intrepid Automation Vat-based additive manufacturing with dispensed material
US11904530B2 (en) 2020-10-02 2024-02-20 Intrepid Automation, Inc. Vat-based additive manufacturing with dispensed material
CN113698179A (zh) * 2021-09-22 2021-11-26 康硕(德阳)智能制造有限公司 一种用于3d打印的增韧陶瓷基材料及其制备方法
CN117486635A (zh) * 2023-11-21 2024-02-02 广东欧文莱陶瓷有限公司 一种瓷砖3d柔性化颗粒打印方法
CN117567139A (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-02-20 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 一种基于光固化3d打印制备高韧性陶瓷材料的方法
CN117567139B (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-05-14 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 一种基于光固化3d打印制备高韧性陶瓷材料的方法

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