CN111545178A - 一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111545178A
CN111545178A CN202010293466.0A CN202010293466A CN111545178A CN 111545178 A CN111545178 A CN 111545178A CN 202010293466 A CN202010293466 A CN 202010293466A CN 111545178 A CN111545178 A CN 111545178A
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sodium cyclamate
alginate fibers
deionized water
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许崇娟
李慧芝
李志英
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,以碳酸铵和尿素:对海藻纤维进行预处理得到预处海藻纤维;然后采用巯基乙酸和硫化钠在硫酸条件下对预处海藻纤维进行表面修饰,得到表面修饰海藻纤维;最后在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分比加入,去离子水:85~88%,硝酸银:7~10%,搅拌溶解,加入表面修饰海藻纤维:4~6%,用稀硝酸调节pH在2~3之间,室温浸泡24 h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂。该吸附材料对甜蜜素具有选择性吸附,良好的机械性能,有很好的化学稳定性,吸附速度快,容易洗脱,具有再生能力。

Description

一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种吸附材料的制备方法与应用技术,特别涉及一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法及应用,属于分离材料应用技术领域。
背景技术
甜蜜素,其化学名称为环己基氨基磺酸钠,是食品生产中常用的添加剂。甜蜜素是一种常用甜味剂,其甜度是蔗糖的30~40倍 。分子式C6H12NNaO3S,分子量201.2。白色结晶或白色结晶粉末,无臭,味甜,易溶于水,难溶于乙醇,不溶于氯仿和乙醚。在酸性条件下略有分解,在碱性条件下稳定。 为无营养甜味剂,浓度大于0.4%时带苦味。小鼠经口半数致死剂量为18g/kg。1984年6月,美国FDA食品安全与营养中心癌症鉴定委员会发出一份关于甜蜜素的最具权威的报告 人工甜味剂甜蜜素的长期致癌性生物试验的科学评价。其中写道:在对实验动物进行的甜蜜素及其主要代谢产物环己胺的长期生物试验进行评价 后,癌症鉴定委员会认为几乎没有可以信赖的数据证明甜蜜素是致癌物质,不管任何特别的受试动物及任何组织器官均是如此。它在中国、欧盟等国和地区是允许使用的,但在美国、英规、日本加拿大等相继禁止使用。我国《食品添加剂使用卫生标准》(GB 2760-2014)对食品加工中甜蜜素用量进行了严格限制。甜蜜素的甜味呈现的较慢,但持续时间长,甜味比较纯正,可以替代蔗糖或与蔗糖混合使用。甜蜜素也可以和糖精混合使用,以掩蔽糖精的不良味觉,甜蜜素与糖精的使用比例为10∶1时,产品风味效果较好。甜蜜素的优点是甜味较好,后苦味比糖精低,成本较低; 缺点是甜度不高,用量大,易超标使用。最新研究表明甜蜜素对成骨细胞的增殖和分化有明显的抑制作用,经常食用甜蜜素含量超标的饮料或其他食品,就会因摄入过量对人体的肝脏和神经系统造成危害,特别是对代谢排毒能力较弱的老人、孕妇、小孩危害更明显。因此,能将食品中甜蜜素分离并准确检测出来是十分有意义,因为甜蜜素在食品中不分离出来对准确检测有困难。
海藻纤维是人造纤维的一种,指从海洋中一些棕色藻类植物中提取得到的海藻酸为原料制得的纤维。海藻纤维不是使用矿石做原料而是属于天然植物做成的原料,其废弃物能够生物分解回归大自然,不污染环境。海藻纤维具有自阻燃性和环境友好, 其抑菌性达到了3A标准,防霉性能达到0级标准等优点, 在纺织和医学领域受到广泛关注,是一种具有可持续发展特性的天然高分子材料,具有来源广泛、物理强度高、结构稳定性好,且亲水性较大和含有多种活性基团等优点。耐酸性和耐碱性良好,无毒等特点,是作为吸附剂载体,是理想的选择。
本申请采用化学改性海藻纤维,制备用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂对甜蜜素具有选择性吸附。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法,主要是以海藻纤维为支持体,采用化学改性,制备对甜蜜素具有选择性强、吸附容量大的吸附剂。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现。
一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,该方法具有以下工艺步骤:
(1)海藻纤维预处理:在反应器中,按如下组成的质量百分比加入,去离子水:74~78%,碳酸铵:8~12%,尿素:5~8%,混合均匀,加入海藻纤维:6~10%,各组分质量百分比之和为百分之百,室温浸泡,20 h,升温至65~70℃,恒温反应40min,固液分离,去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到预处海藻纤维;
(2)表面修饰海藻纤维制备:在反应器中,按如下组成的质量百分比加入,去离子水:72~76%,巯基乙酸:10~14%,硫化钠:4~8%,硫酸:0.1~0.4%,搅拌溶解,加入预处海藻纤维:6~10%,各组分质量百分比之和为百分之百,温度升到45±2℃恒温,回流反应6h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到表面修饰海藻纤维;
(3)用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备:在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分比加入,去离子水:85~88%,硝酸银:7~10%,搅拌溶解,加入表面修饰海藻纤维:4~6%,各组分质量百分比之和为百分之百,用稀硝酸调节pH在2~3之间,室温浸泡24 h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂。
在步骤(1)中所述的海藻纤维的直径为20~40目之间的粉体。
在步骤(1)中所述的碳酸铵与尿素摩尔比为1:1。
在步骤(2)中所述的巯基乙酸与硫化钠摩尔比为2:1。
在步骤(3)中所述的固液分离后的液体可以反复使用。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂对甜蜜素样品的分离富集。特征为:将制备好的用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂制作成吸附柱,按动态法吸附,流速为3.0~4.5mL/ min,吸附后用0.6mol/L盐酸溶液洗脱,流速为1.0mL/ min,或者静态吸附。
本发明的优点及效果是:
(1)本发明获得用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂,具有特殊结构,对甜蜜素具有强能力,选择性较高,对其它共存物质不吸附,可以分离分子结构相近的物质。
(2)本发明制备用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂,由于是在海藻纤维表面修饰上银离子,其吸附位点都在吸附剂的表面,有利于对甜蜜素吸附和洗脱,洗脱时间短,吸附能力强、效率高,由于海藻纤维膨松度非常好,弹性适中适宜压缩、孔隙率大、比表面积大、活性基团多。比重略大于水,易反冲洗,海藻纤维材质优良,经久耐用,再生资源,可生物降解。具有较强的耐磨性和抗化学侵蚀性能。耐酸性和耐碱性良好,无毒等特点其对甜蜜素吸附容量大,其最大吸附容量为140.7 mg/g,最高吸附率可达98.5%。
(3)本发明制备用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂,由于纤维球具有良好的物理化学稳定性和优异的机械稳定性,对甜蜜素吸附操作简单。制备过程简单,条件易于控制,生产成本低。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)海藻纤维预处理:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:760 mL,碳酸铵:100g,尿素:60g,混合均匀,加入海藻纤维:80g,室温浸泡,20 h,升温至65~70℃,恒温反应40min,固液分离,去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到预处海藻纤维;
(2)表面修饰海藻纤维制备:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:740 mL,巯基乙酸:120g,硫化钠:60g,硫酸:1.0mL,搅拌溶解,加入预处海藻纤维:90g,温度升到45±2℃恒温,回流反应6h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到表面修饰海藻纤维;
(3)用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:860 mL,硝酸银:80g,搅拌溶解,加入表面修饰海藻纤维:60g,用稀硝酸调节pH在2~3之间,室温浸泡24h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂。
实施例2
(1)海藻纤维预处理:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:740 mL,碳酸铵:120g,尿素:80g,混合均匀,加入海藻纤维:60g,室温浸泡,20 h,升温至65~70℃,恒温反应40min,固液分离,去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到预处海藻纤维;
(2)表面修饰海藻纤维制备:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:720 mL,巯基乙酸:140g,硫化钠:70g,硫酸:0.5mL,搅拌溶解,加入预处海藻纤维:70g,温度升到45±2℃恒温,回流反应6h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到表面修饰海藻纤维;
(3)用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:880 mL,硝酸银:70g,搅拌溶解,加入表面修饰海藻纤维:50g,用稀硝酸调节pH在2~3之间,室温浸泡24h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂。
实施例3
(1)海藻纤维预处理:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:780 mL,碳酸铵:80g,尿素:50g,混合均匀,加入海藻纤维:90g,室温浸泡,20 h,升温至65~70℃,恒温反应40min,固液分离,去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到预处海藻纤维;
(2)表面修饰海藻纤维制备:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:730 mL,巯基乙酸:130g,硫化钠:80g,硫酸:1.5mL,搅拌溶解,加入预处海藻纤维:60g,温度升到45±2℃恒温,回流反应6h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到表面修饰海藻纤维;
(3)用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:850 mL,硝酸银:100g,搅拌溶解,加入表面修饰海藻纤维:50g,用稀硝酸调节pH在2~3之间,室温浸泡24 h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂。
实施例4
(1)海藻纤维预处理:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:730 mL,碳酸铵:100g,尿素:70g,混合均匀,加入海藻纤维:100g,室温浸泡,20 h,升温至65~70℃,恒温反应40min,固液分离,去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到预处海藻纤维;
(2)表面修饰海藻纤维制备:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:760 mL,巯基乙酸:100g,硫化钠:40g,硫酸:2.0mL,搅拌溶解,加入预处海藻纤维:100g,温度升到45±2℃恒温,回流反应6h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到表面修饰海藻纤维;
(3)用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:870 mL,硝酸银:90g,搅拌溶解,加入表面修饰海藻纤维:40g,用稀硝酸调节pH在2~3之间,室温浸泡24h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂。
实施例5
称取1.0g 实施例1~4中所制备的吸附剂置于250mL具塞锥形瓶中浸泡2~4h,过滤洗涤后,加入100mL浓度为100mg/L甜蜜素标准溶液中,以稀酸或碱调节体系的pH值为2.0~8.0,在室温下震荡吸附30 min,取上清液,采用荧光光度法测定甜蜜素的浓度,根据吸附前后溶液中甜蜜素的浓度差,计算出吸附剂对甜蜜素的去除率,本发明所制得的吸附剂对甜蜜素的去除率都在94.26%以上,最高可达98.5%。按相同步骤将甜蜜素标准溶液的浓度增加到500mg/L,吸附剂称取0.1g,测定吸附剂对甜蜜素吸附容量为165.1 mg/g。
分离食品中的甜蜜素,如果被测食品是固体(如饼干、膨化食品等),要先将样品研细浸泡在水中,离心分离,液体采用本申请所制备的吸附剂进行分离;如果被测食品是是液体(如酒水、饮料等),可直接采用本申请所制备的吸附剂进行分离。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,该方法具有以下工艺步骤:
(1)海藻纤维预处理:在反应器中,按如下组成的质量百分比加入,去离子水:74~78%,碳酸铵:8~12%,尿素:5~8%,混合均匀,加入海藻纤维:6~10%,各组分质量百分比之和为百分之百,室温浸泡,20 h,升温至65~70℃,恒温反应40min,固液分离,去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到预处海藻纤维;
(2)表面修饰海藻纤维制备:在反应器中,按如下组成的质量百分比加入,去离子水:72~76%,巯基乙酸:10~14%,硫化钠:4~8%,硫酸:0.1~0.4%,搅拌溶解,加入预处海藻纤维:6~10%,各组分质量百分比之和为百分之百,温度升到45±2℃恒温,回流反应6h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到表面修饰海藻纤维;
(3)用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备:在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分比加入,去离子水:85~88%,硝酸银:7~10%,搅拌溶解,加入表面修饰海藻纤维:4~6%,各组分质量百分比之和为百分之百,用稀硝酸调节pH在2~3之间,室温浸泡24 h,固液分离,用去离子水洗涤,干燥,得到用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的海藻纤维的直径为20~40目之间的粉体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的碳酸铵与尿素摩尔比为1:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的巯基乙酸与硫化钠摩尔比为2:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(3)中所述的固液分离后的液体可以反复使用。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂的制备方法所制备的分离甜蜜素生物吸附剂。
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CN1631519A (zh) * 2004-11-22 2005-06-29 上海理工大学 巯基纤维素修饰材料的制备方法
CN102389778A (zh) * 2011-09-19 2012-03-28 济南大学 一种巯基亚麻的制备方法及应用
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CN106824112A (zh) * 2017-03-06 2017-06-13 济南大学 一种2‑巯基嘧啶改性磁性棉秆皮吸附剂的制备
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