CN111543397A - 一种腐食酪螨的快速增殖培养方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种腐食酪螨的快速增殖培养方法,利用58‑62%麸皮、18‑22%面粉、8‑12%米粉、4‑6%蚕蛹干粉、适量酵母和适量红砂糖为培养料,控制培养料的含水量为4%‑6%的条件下培养腐食酪螨,首先将培养料混合后放入培养容器中,再接种腐食酪螨,腐食酪螨初始接种量≥1只/g,每隔3天添加适当培养料和水,培养10~30d,即可实现大量增殖。本发明是利用麸皮、面粉、米粉、蚕蛹干粉、水、适量酵母和适量红砂糖培养腐食酪螨的方法,不仅能实现腐食酪螨的高效增殖,而且操作简单、成本低廉,所培养的腐食酪螨虫口密度大,在捕食性天敌规模化培养中具有很大的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种昆虫培养领域,具体涉及一种腐食酪螨的快速增殖培养方法。
背景技术
腐食酪螨孳生广泛,是多种害虫捕食性天敌的培养食物之一,如厉眼蕈蚊捕食天敌剑毛帕厉螨、黔下盾螨,烟粉虱的捕食天敌巴氏新小绥螨、斯氏小盲绥螨等,蓟马、蚜虫、叶螨等的捕食天敌小花蝽等都可用腐食酪螨来培养。同时,腐食酪螨生活史较短,繁殖又快,具有较高的产卵量和较长的产卵期,并且有多次产卵高峰,易于培养,因此,腐食酪螨在捕食性天敌规模化、商品化生产方面具有重要应用价值。
目前,培养腐食酪螨常用的方法主要有用蜂蜜水的传统隔水培养法,或用单一饲料(通常为全麦粉、米粉、玉米粉、花生粉、麦胚或啤酒酵母等进行培养。利用单一饲料培养腐食酪螨存在增殖速度慢的缺陷,其中添加酵母粉是这些方法中最能提高腐食酪螨的增殖倍数的方法,但是也只能增加300倍左右。因此,研发一种能让腐食酪螨快速增殖的培养方法很有现实意思。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种腐食酪螨的快速增殖培养方法,本培养方法具有操作简单,显著提高腐食酪螨增长倍数的特点。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种腐食酪螨的快速增殖培养方法,包括在温度为25-28℃、相对湿度为75%~85%的环境下,利用58-62%麸皮、18-22%面粉、8-12%米粉、4-6%蚕蛹干粉、适量酵母(一般约20g/kg)和适量红砂糖(一般约30g/kg)为培养料,要求培养料的含水量在4%-6%之间,培养腐食酪螨,具体包括以下步骤:
1)腐食酪螨培养料的备料:选用优质小麦麸皮,小麦面粉,小米粉或大米粉,干酵母或啤酒酵母,红砂糖,无菌水;
2)腐食酪螨培养料的处理:首先将酵母和红砂糖进行除虫处理,然后进行粉碎处理,同时将上述选好的其他原料分别进行粉碎灭菌,然后充分混合消毒杀菌,所述细粉的细度控制参数为麸皮过40目/吋分样筛取筛上部分,高压蒸汽灭菌或干烤灭菌;面粉过80或100目/吋分样筛取筛下部分,高压蒸汽灭菌或干烤灭菌;米粉过60或80目/吋分样筛取筛下部分,高压蒸汽灭菌或干烤灭菌;蚕蛹干粉过60或80目/吋分样筛取筛下部分,巴氏灭菌或干烤灭菌;
3)腐食酪螨培养容器的准备和处理:培养容器的体积为1L~2L,高为4~10cm,材质为玻璃、塑料材质,培养容器有盖能完全密封,盖上有透气口,可用纱网、滤纸覆盖透气口,可有效阻止腐食酪螨逃逸,使用前培养容器灭菌处理;接种腐食酪螨开始培养:将充分混合的培养料分批加入到培养容器中,培养料的厚度不高于培养容器的3/5,加入培养料后将腐食酪螨接种到培养料里,腐食酪螨的接种量为180只-220只/克,每隔3天添加适当培养料和水,培养10~30天,一般的培养天数为:8天≤小样≤10天,25天≤大样≤30天。
本发明方法培养腐食酪螨能显著提高腐食酪螨增殖倍数,本发明方法,在接种量为180只-220只/克的情况下,培养30天,虫口密度可达16000只/克培养料左右,而常规的方法(单一原料组分或2种原料组分)培养腐食酪螨,在接种密度、培养天数相同的情况下,虫口密度仅能达到1400只/克培养料左右。
具体实施方式
以下实例仅是对本发明的举例说明,不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1腐食酪螨的人工大量培养方法
1、原料和容器的准备
1)选择原料:优质麸皮选用小麦麸皮,小麦面粉,小米粉或大米粉,啤酒酵母或干酵母,红糖、矿泉水;
2)原料处理:将原料先粉碎然后进行消毒,酵母和红砂糖进行除虫处理后消毒,水进行高压蒸汽灭菌处理,然后充分混合,所述细粉的细度控制参数为麸皮过40目/吋分样筛取筛上部分,面粉过80或100目/吋分样筛取筛下部分,高压蒸汽灭菌或干烤灭菌;米粉过60或80目/吋分样筛取筛下部分,高压蒸汽灭菌或干烤灭菌;蚕蛹干粉过60或80目/吋分样筛取筛下部分,巴氏灭菌或干烤灭菌;
3)培养容器的准备和处理:选择培养容器的体积为1.5L,高为6cm的保鲜盒,在保鲜盒的盒盖中部挖一个圆形孔洞,然后用纱网封住,再将圆形海绵置于保鲜盒内,同时向保鲜盒内添加足量清水,海绵上放一张直径略小的黑色的塑料,对整个培养容器进行消毒灭菌处理,将上述处理好的50g麸皮、20g面粉、10g米粉、5g蚕蛹干粉、2.1g干酵母、2.9g红糖和5g蒸馏水充分搅拌后放到黑色塑料上;
4)腐食酪螨接种培养:
在温度为26±1℃、湿度为80±1%的人工气候箱内,将上述制作好的培养容器放入到人工气候箱内,然后将2000只的腐食酪螨接种到培养料里,经过30天的培养,腐食酪螨增殖了近800倍,相同的实验共做了3组,每组腐食酪螨增殖都接近800倍,具体增殖情况见表1。
对比例1用1种麸皮作为饲料培养腐食酪螨
在温度为26±1℃、湿度为80±1%的人工气候箱内,接种2000只的腐食酪螨到含有100g麸皮的培养容器中,加入适量蒸馏水,保证麸皮含水量在4%以内,共3组,经过30天的培养,腐食酪螨只增殖了约70倍,具体增殖情况见表2。
表1本发明方法30天后腐食酪螨增殖结果
表2常规的麸皮条件下大量培养腐食酪螨30天后腐食酪螨增殖结果
由上表1、表2,可以看出在相同培养条件下,培养相同时间,本发明方法可显著提高腐食酪螨的增长倍数,获得较多腐食酪螨,获得的腐食酪螨在捕食性天敌规模化培养中具有很大的应用价值。
Claims (7)
1.一种腐食酪螨的快速增殖培养方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按配方比例称取各培养料;
(2)将称取的原料粉碎成细粉;
(3)将粉碎后的原料进行高压蒸汽灭菌或干烤灭菌,然后充分混合;
(4)取培养容器,将混合好的培养料投入到培养容器中,控制培养料的厚度不高于培养容器高度的3/5,向培养料中加入适量的蒸馏水,要求培养料的含水量为4-6%;
(5)将腐食酪螨接种到培养容器内的培养料里,腐食酪螨接种的密度为:180~220只/克,控制培养环境温度为25~28℃、湿度为75%~85%,培养天数为8~30天,虫口密度可以达1000~20000只/克培养料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的腐食酪螨的快速增殖培养方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述的培养料由下列质量百分比的组分原料混合制得:麸皮58-62%、面粉18-22%、米粉8-12%、蚕蛹干粉4-6%、适量酵母、适量红砂糖。
3.根据权利要求2所述的腐食酪螨的快速增殖培养方法,其特征在于:所述的麸皮为过40目/吋分样筛取筛上部分;所述的面粉为过80或100目/吋分样筛取筛下部分;所述的米粉为过60或80目/吋分样筛取筛下部分,高压灭菌或干烤灭菌;所述蚕蛹干粉过60或80目/吋分样筛取筛下部分,巴氏灭菌或干烤灭菌。
4.根据权利要求1所述的腐食酪螨的快速增殖培养方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)所述的培养料投入到容器时,可采用分次投入,每隔3天添加适当培养料和水。
5.根据权利要求1所述的腐食酪螨的快速增殖培养方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)所述的培养容器的体积为1L~2L,高为4~10cm,材质为玻璃或塑料材质,培养容器需要有盖能完全密封,盖上有透气口,可用纱网、滤纸覆盖透气口,可有效阻止腐食酪螨逃逸,使用前培养容器需消毒灭菌处理。
6.根据权利要求1所述的腐食酪螨的快速增殖培养方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)所述的腐食酪螨接种的密度为200只/克。
7.根据权利要求1所述的腐食酪螨的快速增殖培养方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)所述的培养天数为:8天≤小样≤10天,25天≤大样≤30天。
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