CN111533764B - 一种利用多米诺反应制备硅氧基茚衍生物的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用多米诺反应制备硅氧基茚衍生物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/188—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-O linkages
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种硅氧基茚衍生物的制备方法。
背景技术
茚骨架广泛地存在于多种具有显著生物活性的天然产物和药物分子之中(Differential Response of Estrogen Receptor Subtypes to1,3-Diarylindene and2,3-Diarylindene Ligands[J].Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2005,48(19):5989-6003);含有茚骨架的分子也被广泛用于材料制备、过渡金属催化的有机合成。
然而,合成茚衍生物的传统方法需要多步反应,且底物范围受到较大限制。因此发展高效、通用、高原子经济性的合成方法倍受关注。随着碳氢键活化研究的发展,化学家们最近发展了过渡金属催化下由芳基碳氢官能化-环化反应来合成茚衍生物的方法。但是,利用大位阻的苯甲酰基硅为原料,结合碳氢活化和Brook重排来合成高价值的含硅茚骨架仍未见报导。
烯醇硅醚是有机合成中常用的合成子,利用烯基硅醚可以实现多种官能团的转化。因此,发展硅氧基茚衍生物的高效合成方法显得尤为重要。Bolm课题组通过两步反应实现了硅氧基茚衍生物的高效合成:
第一步,实现铑催化下苯甲酰基硅的邻位碳氢氧化烯基化反应;第二步,通过光催化下硅氧基卡宾对双键直接插入实现环化,得到产物硅氧基茚(Acylsilanes in Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Directed Aromatic C-H Alkenylations and SiloxycarbeneReactions with C-C Double Bonds[J].Angewandte Chemie,2014,126(1):273-275)。该方法操作繁琐,不利于工业化生产。
由此可见,开发一种操作简单、步骤少、有益于工业化生产的硅氧基茚衍生物的制备方法是十分必要的。
发明内容
本发明提供一种通过酰基硅烷-醛基协同控制下的多米诺反应制备硅氧基茚衍生物的合成方法。以钌盐的配合物作为催化剂,利用简单易得的苯甲酰基硅烷与丙烯醛为原料,经碳氢活化、环化、Brook重排和脱羰的多米诺过程来制备高附加值的硅氧基茚衍生物。该方法具有高的原子经济性和步骤经济性,且底物适用范围广。
本发明解决上述技术问题所提供的技术方案为:
一种硅氧基茚衍生物的合成方法,包括如下步骤:将式(3)所示苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物、式(4)所示丙烯醛类化合物、过渡金属盐催化剂、银盐添加剂、氧化剂置于有机溶剂中,惰性气体氛围下加热反应,当R6为氢时,反应生成式(1)所示烷氧基茚衍生物,否则,反应生成式(2)所示烷氧基茚衍生物;
其中,
n为0、1、2、3、4或5;
R1为C1~4烷基或苯基;
R2为C1~4烷基或苯基;
R3为C1~4烷基或苯基;
R4为氢、氟、氯、溴、C1~5烷基、C1~5烷氧基、苯基、3,4-环丁二烯、3,4-环甲基醚或3~8元环烷基,所述的C1~5烷基、C1~5烷氧基、苯基任选被1、2或3个氟、氯、溴、碘、OH、NH2、CN取代;所述的3~8元环烷基任选被1、2或3个氟、氯、溴、碘或C1~4烷基取代;
R5为氢、甲基;
R6为氢、C1~10烷基。
本发明在相对温和的条件下,采用过渡金属盐作为催化剂,在银盐添加剂,氧化剂配合下,从简单原料苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物和丙烯醛类化合物来制备甲硅烷氧基茚衍生物,可能的反应机理如图1所示,钌盐在银盐添加剂和氧化剂的作用下生成催化活性物种,在催化活性物种的作用下,酰基硅导向下的碳氢键活化得中间体I;丙烯醛插入后生成烯醇钌物种II;环化后可得中间体III;经Brook重排,可生成IV和IV’;其中,钌与醛基的弱配位以及空间位阻都会影响IV或IV’的形成;
当R6=H,大位阻的钌和氢原子处于顺式,经β-H消除,即得到醛基取代的硅氧基茚,即式(1)化合物;
当R6=烷基,钌和醛基则处于顺式位置,经醛基碳氢键活化和脱羰,即得到式(2)化合物。
优选地,R1为甲基、乙基或苯基;进一步优选,R1为甲基或苯基。
优选地,R2为甲基、乙基或苯基;进一步优选,R2为甲基或苯基。
优选地,R3为甲基、乙基或苯基;进一步优选,R3为甲基或苯基。
当R1、R2、R3为甲基时,位阻较小;R1、R2、R3为苯基时,可提高式(3)所示苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物的稳定性。
优选地,所述苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物如式(3-1)~(3-6)所示:
本发明的一些方案中,当所述苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物如式(3-1)所示,R6为氢时,反应生成式(1-1)所示烷氧基茚衍生物,否则,反应生成式(2-1);
本发明的一些方案中,当所述苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物如式(3-2)所示,R6为氢时,反应生成式(1-2-1)或(1-2-2)所示烷氧基茚衍生物,否则,反应生成式(2-2-1)或(2-2-2)所示烷氧基茚衍生物;
本发明的一些方案中,当所述苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物如式(3-3)所示,R6为氢时,反应生成式(1-3-1)或式(1-3-2)所示烷氧基茚衍生物,否则,反应生成式(2-3-1)或式(2-3-2)所示烷氧基茚衍生物;
本发明的一些方案中,当所述苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物如式(3-4)所示,R6为氢时,反应生成式(1-4)所示烷氧基茚衍生物,否则,反应生成式(2-4)所示烷氧基茚衍生物;
本发明的一些方案中,当所述苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物如式(3-5)所示,R6为氢时,反应生成式(1-5)所示烷氧基茚衍生物,否则,反应生成式(2-5)所示烷氧基茚衍生物;
本发明的一些方案中,当所述苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物如式(3-6)所示,R6为氢时,反应生成式(1-6)所示烷氧基茚衍生物,否则,反应生成式(2-6)所示烷氧基茚衍生物;
优选地,R4为3-甲基、4-甲基、4-乙基、4-叔丁基、4-异丙基、4-叔丁基、4-甲氧基、4-三氟甲氧基、4-氟、3-氯、4-氯、5-氯、4-溴、4-酯基、4-苯基、3,4-环丁二烯、3,5-二甲基、3,4-环甲基醚、3-氟-4-甲氧基、3-甲基-4-氟或对正丁基环己基。
进一步优选,R4为氢、3-甲基、4-乙基、4-叔丁基、4-异丙基、4-叔丁基、4-三氟甲氧基、4-氟、4-氯、4-溴、4-苯基、3,4-环丁二烯、3,4-环甲基醚、3-氟-4-甲氧基、3-甲基-4-氟或对正丁基环己基。
进一步优选,R4为氢、4-氟、4-溴、4-苯基、3-氟-4-甲氧基、3-甲基-4-氟或对正丁基环己基。
当R4取代在间位或对位时,反应位阻较小,反应性提高,有利于多米诺反应的顺利进行。
优选地,R5为氢或甲基。
优选地,R6为氢、甲基或乙基。进一步优选,R6为氢或甲基。
当R5为氢、甲基;R6为氢、甲基、乙基时,位阻较小;反应性提高,可避免反应时间过长导致原料变性。
优选地,所述惰性气体为氩气。
所述式(3)所示苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物:式(4)所示丙烯醛类化合物:过渡金属催化剂:银盐添加剂:氧化剂的物质的量之比为1:3.0~10.0:0.05~0.1:0.2~0.4:1.0~1.5。
优选地,所述过渡金属催化剂为钌盐或铑盐。进一步优选,所述的过渡金属催化剂为(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体或五甲基环戊二烯基氯化铑二聚体。
所述的银盐添加剂为六氟锑酸银。
所述的氧化剂为醋酸铜。
所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷,甲苯、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、四氯化碳或二甲氧基乙烷。
优选地,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷。
优选地,本发明所述有机溶剂的体积用量以苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物的物质的量计为2~10L/mol;进一步优选为5~10L/mol。
优选地,所述加热反应的温度为50~80℃,反应时间8~24小时。
本发明所述的合成方法还包括以下后处理步骤:将加热反应后的反应液装柱,使用300~400目硅胶进行柱层析分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯与石油醚混合液,收集含式(1)或式(2)化合物的洗脱液,浓缩干燥。
除非另有规定,术语“被取代的”是指特定原子上的任意一个或多个氢原子被取代基取代,包括重氢和氢的变体,只要特定原子的价态是正常的并且取代后的化合物是稳定的。当取代基为酮基(即=O)时,意味着两个氢原子被取代。酮取代不会发生在芳香基上。
术语“任选被取代的”是指可以被取代,也可以不被取代,并且取代基的种类和数目在化学上可以实现的基础上可以是任意的。
除非另有规定,当任何变量(例如R)在化合物的组成或结构中出现一次以上时,其在每一种情况下的定义都是独立的。因此,例如,如果一个基团被0-2个R所取代,则所述基团可以任选地至多被两个R所取代,并且每种情况下的R都有独立的选项。此外,取代基和/或其变体的组合只有在这样的组合会产生稳定的化合物的情况下才是被允许的。
化合物依据本领域常规命名原则或者使用软件命名,市售化合物采用供应商目录名称。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供了一种高效合成茚类化合物的方法,原料廉价易得,反应操作简单,反应条件温和,副产物少,反应收率较高,最高达到了74%。
(2)本发明的合成方法简化了反应步骤,避免了多步反应常有的限制,反应效率高,实现原子经济和环境友好的原则。
(3)本发明底物适用范围较广泛,官能团兼容性好,适合克级规模的合成,具有潜在的应用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述合成方法可能的反应机理。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行详细阐述,下述说明仅为解释本发明,并不对其内容进行限定。本发明化合物可以通过本领域技术人员熟知的多种合成方法来制备,包括下面列举的具体实施方式、其与其它化合物合成方法的结合所形成的实施方式以及本领域技术人员所熟知的等同替换方式,也可以可经市售获得。优选的实施方式包括但不限于本发明的实施例。对本领域技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下针对本发明具体实施方式进行各种变化和改进是显而易见的。
以下实施例所述的柱层析分离皆采用300~400目硅胶进行柱层析分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯与石油醚混合液,收集含目标化合物的洗脱液,浓缩干燥得到如下所示的化合物。
实施例1:3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(33.9mg,收率73%)。浅黄色固体,m.p.:60.5-62.8℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.26(s,1H),7.77-7.73(m,1H),7.56-7.54(m,1H),7.38-7.33(m,2H),3.72(s,2H),0.51(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.6,160.8,153.6,146.3,143.5,127.0,125.6,124.2,123.5,37.3,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcdfor C13H16O2Si233.0992;Found 233.0990.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3450.19,3410.97,2956.89,1643.81,1658.52,1538.35,1402.49,844.89。
实施例2:((1H-茚-3-基)氧基)三甲基硅烷的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(1.2mg,收率3%)。浅黄色油状物。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.39-7.36(m,2H),7.18-7.14(m,1H),7.08-7.04(m,1H),6.65-6.63(m,1H),3.29(d,J=2.5Hz,2H),0.22-0.19(m,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=149.4,146.5,146.0,145.4,127.4,125.6,125.1,123.3,42.0,0.2(d,J=3.0Hz).HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C12H16OSi 205.1043;Found 205.1042.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3493.29,3416.36,3300.24,2367.89,2289.63,1658.81,1643.78,1632.84。
实施例3:5-甲基-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(33.5mg,收率68%)。浅黄色固体,m.p.:57.3-59.9℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.24(s,1H),7.54(s,1H),7.44(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),3.68(s,2H),2.44(s,3H),0.51(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.6,160.8,153.8,146.5,140.6,135.1,128.0,124.7,123.1,36.8,20.5,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H18O2Si
247.1149;Found 247.1156.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3444.57,3176.13,1659.72,1651.56,1455.14,1402.44,1253.81,1015.45,840.67,802.07。
实施例4:6-甲基-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(25.6mg,收率52%)。浅黄色固体,m.p.:77.4-78.2℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.22(s,1H),7.63(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.38(s,1H),7.17(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.68(s,2H),2.42(s,3H),0.49(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.5,161.1,152.8,144.0,143.8,137.5,126.6,124.2,124.0,37.0,20.5,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H18O2Si
247.1149;Found 247.1149.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3507.43,3441.30,3175.56,3144.15,1651.19,1644.34,1402.01,1247.33,844.90。
实施例5:6-乙基-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(32.3mg,收率62%)。浅黄色固体,m.p.:60.0-60.8℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.22(s,1H),7.66(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.40(s,1H),7.19(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.69(s,2H),2.74-2.69(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.27(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.50(s,1H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.5,161.1,153.0,144.1,144.0,143.9,125.5,124.1,123.0,37.02,27.9,14.6,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd forC15H20O2Si 261.1305;Found261.1300.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3444.29,3417.44,3168.01,2966.48,1651.10,1402.79,1246.27,843.90。
实施例6:6-丁基-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(37.5mg,收率65%)。黄色油状物。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.22(s,1H),7.65(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.38(s,1H),7.17(dd,J=8.0Hz,J=1.5Hz,1H),3.69(s,2H),2.67(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.66-1.60(m,2H),1.41-1.35(m,2H),0.94(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.50(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.5,161.1,152.9,144.0,143.9,142.6,126.0,124.0,123.5,37.0,34.7,32.6,21.3,12.8,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C17H24O2Si 289.1618;Found 289.1619.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3472.50,3444.54,3417.37,3175.09,1651.34,1644.55,1504.69,1402.46。
实施例7:6-异丙基-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(36.7mg,收率67%)。浅黄色固体,m.p.:50.2-52.4℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.23(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),7.68(dd,J=8.5Hz,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.43(s,1H),7.23(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.70(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),3.02-2.93(m,1H),1.29(dd,J=7.0Hz,J=2.0Hz,6H),0.50(d,J=2.5Hz,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.5,161.1,153.0,148.6,144.2,144.0,124.1,124.1,121.5,37.1,33.2,22.9,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C16H22O2Si 275.1462;Found 275.1459.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3452.60,3417.27,2958.38,1658.87,1402.63,1384.70,1251.86,841.72。
实施例8:6-(叔丁基)-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(35.2mg,收率61%)。浅黄色液体。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.23(s,1H),7.69(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.60(d,J=0.5Hz,1H),7.41(dd,J=8.0Hz,J=1.5Hz,1H),3.71(s,2H),1.36(s,9H),0.50(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.5,161.0,153.2,150.8,143.8,143.7,123.8,122.9,120.5,37.2,33.9,30.3,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C17H24O2Si 289.1618;Found 289.1615.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3444.53,3417.81,3174.82,1659.95,1651.53,1455.12,1398.33,840.03。
实施例9:6-甲氧基-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(26.7mg,收率51%)。浅黄色固体,m.p.:121.8-123.1℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.17(s,1H),7.64(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.10(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.91(dd,J=8.5Hz,J=2.5Hz,1H),3.86(s,3H),3.69(s,2H),0.49(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.0,161.2,159.3,151.8,146.2,139.4,125.1,112.3,108.6,54.4,37.2,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H18O3Si 263.1098;Found 263.1100.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3584.82,3472.65,3444.32,3175.42,1659.84,1644.79,1402.44,1182.43。
实施例10:6-(三氟甲氧基)-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(39.2mg,收率62%)。白色固体,m.p.:75.6-76.9℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.24(s,1H),7.74(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),7.41(s,1H),7.22(dd,J=8.5Hz,J=1.0Hz,1H),3.75(s,2H),0.51(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.3,159.5,154.5,148.2(d,JC-F=1.6Hz),145.6,145.0,125.1,119.5(q,JC-F=255.9Hz),118.6,116.3,37.7,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H15F3O3Si317.0815;Found317.0820.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3473.08,3416.85,3384.55,3225.49,1659.96,1402.54,1254.56,1158.41,840.66。
实施例11:6-氟-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(35.5mg,收率71%)。白色固体,m.p.:98.4-105.1℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.21(s,1H),7.68(dd,J=8.5Hz,J=5.0Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.06(td,J=8.5Hz,J=2.0Hz,1H),3.71(s,2H),0.50(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.1,162.1(d,JC-F=247.4Hz),160.0,153.5(d,JC-F=3.9Hz),146.2(d,JC-F=9.1Hz),142.4(d,JC-F=2.3Hz),125.3(d,JC-F=9.1Hz),113.1(d,JC-F=23Hz),110.9(d,JC-F=22.8Hz),37.5(d,JC-F=2.5Hz),0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C13H15FO2Si 251.0898;Found 251.0900.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3472.65,3444.32,3175.42,1659.84,1651.59,1402.44,1182.43,841.78。
实施例12:6-氯-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(30.9mg,收率58%)。浅黄色固体,m.p.:92.7-93.2℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.23(s,1H),7.64(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.53(s,1H),7.33(dd,J=8.5Hz,J=2.0Hz,1H),3.70(s,2H),0.50(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.4,159.8,153.7,145.3,144.9,133.4,126.1,125.0,123.9,37.3,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C13H15ClO2Si 267.0603;Found 267.0600.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3443.88,3417.49,3175.63,1660.84,1402.39,1241.12,845.57,818.75。
实施例13:5-氯-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(14.9mg,收率28%)。黄色油状物。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.25(s,1H),7.68(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.33(dd,J=8.0Hz,J=1.5Hz,1H),3.69(s,2H),0.51(s,9H).
13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.5,159.6,154.9,148.0,147.7,131.6,127.0,124.4,124.2,37.1,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C13H15ClO2Si 267.0603;Found267.0603.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3452.07,3423.13,3385.24,2922.98,2359.82,1651.58,1399.27,841.79。
实施例14:7-氯-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(9.0mg,收率17%)。黄色胶状物。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.26(s,1H),7.64(dd,J=7.5Hz,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.35-7.30(m,2H),3.75(s,2H),0.51(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.4,160.1,153.7,147.8,141.5,129.7,127.3,127.1,122.7,37.4,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd forC13H15ClO2Si 267.0603;Found 267.0598.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3474.76,3449.87,3424.16,2985.53,2956.17,2354.39,1644.84,1633.64,1402.65。
实施例15:6-溴-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(44.0mg,收率71%)。黄色固体,m.p.:118.1-121.0℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.24(s,1H),7.68(s,1H),7.58(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.69(s,2H),0.50(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.4,159.8,153.6,145.5,145.3,128.9,126.9,125.4,121.7,37.3,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C13H15BrO2Si311.0097;Found 311.0096.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3452.10,3417.62,3209.15,1657.27,1652.02,1402.74,844.84,817.34。
实施例16:6-苯基-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(43.8mg,收率71%)。黄色固体,m.p.:138.5-140.7℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.28(s,1H),7.83(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.80(s,1H),7.65(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.38(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.80(s,2H),0.55(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.4,160.6,153.7,145.5,144.3,140.2,139.7,127,7,126.5,126.1,124.8,124.5,122.2,37.3,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+
Calcd for C19H20O2Si 309.1305;Found 309.1302.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3472.61,3444.42,3175.51,1651.32,1645.16,1402.35,1247.68,849.32,769.88。
实施例17:3-((三甲基硅烷基)氧基)-1H-环戊二烯并[b]萘-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(36.1mg,收率64%)。黄色固体,m.p.:141.9-143.0℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.32(s,1H),8.17(s,1H),7.91(d,J=8Hz,2H),7.83(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.51-7.45(m,2H),3.82(s,2H),0.58(t,J=1.0Hz,9H).13CNMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.8,160.1,154.2,145.2,139.9,132.1,131.3,127.5,126.4,125.3,124.2,123.5,121.6,36.1,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C17H18O2Si283.1149;Found
283.1153.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3472.65,3444.32,3175.42,1651.59,1644.79,1402.44,1182.43,841.78。
实施例18:5,7-二甲基-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(13.0mg,收率25%)。黄色固体,m.p.:106.0-107.8℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.24(s,1H),7.39(s,1H),7.02(s,1H),3.57(s,2H),2.40(s,3H),2.34(s,3H),0.50(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.6,161.3,153.1,146.2,139.5,135.5,132.4,129.1,122.3,35.7,20.4,17.6,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C15H20O2Si 261.1305;Found 261.1306.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3444.57,3417.72,3175.22,1651.17,1645.31,1633.64,1455.08,1402.27。
实施例19:7-((三甲基硅烷基)氧基)-5H-茚并[5,6-d][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-6-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(33.7mg,收率61%)。白色固体,m.p.:158.6-161.1℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.19(s,1H),7.27(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.86(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.03(s,2H),3.66(s,2H),0.49(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.1,160.7,151.8,147.0,142.6,142.0,122.8,118.3,106.1,100.3,33.3,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H16O4Si277.0891;Found 277.0887.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3444.53,3417.70,3173.08,3144.11,1644.42,1470.81,1402.09,842.75,804.84。
实施例20:5-氟-6-甲氧基-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(41.5mg,收率74%)。白色固体,m.p.:173.4-173.8℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.18(s,1H),7.45(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.98(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.94(s,3H),3.72(s,2H),1.25(s,3H),0.49(s,9H).
13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=187.9,160.3,152.4(d,JC-F=1.0Hz),147.6(d,JC-F=247.4Hz),147.1(d,JC-F=10.4Hz),141.3(d,JC-F=4.0Hz),130.3(d,JC-F=14.3Hz),120.2(d,JC-F=3.6Hz),111.3,55.5,33.9,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H17FO3Si281.1004;Found281.1009.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3416.48,1682.17,1634.67,1620.57,803.56,618.45,480.91。
实施例21:6-氟-5-甲基-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(37.5mg,收率71%)。黄色固体,m.p.:105.1-105.7℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.19(s,1H),7.52(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=7.19Hz,1H),3.67(s,2H),2.34(s,3H),0.51(d,J=1.0Hz,9H).
13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.1,160.58(d,JC-F=246.5Hz),160.2,153.5(d,JC-F=3.9Hz),143.4(d,JC-F=11.3Hz),142.2(d,JC-F=2.5Hz),126.6(d,JC-F=6.3Hz),122.4(d,JC-F=18.8Hz),110.3(d,JC-F=23.8Hz),37.2(d,JC-F=2.5Hz),13.9(d,JC-F=3.8Hz),0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H17FO2Si 265.1055;Found 265.1059.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3416.49,1651.53,1634.53,1615.59,838.39,618.38,469.84。
实施例22:6-((1s,4r)-4-丁基环己基)-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(51.1mg,收率69%)。黄色固体,m.p.:49.6-55.2℃。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.22(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.66(dd,J=8.0Hz,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.42(s,1H),7.21(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.69(s,2H),2.53(t,J=12.0Hz,1H),1.90(t,J=10.5Hz,4H),1.53-1.45(m,2H),1.31(d,J=3.0Hz,4H),1.25(d,J=6.5Hz,3H),1.10-1.03(m,2H),0.92-0.91(m,3H),0.49(d,J=2.0Hz,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.4,161.1,153.0,147.6,144.2,144.0,124.5,124.1,121.9,43.7,37.1,36.1,35.9,33.3,32.4,28.1,21.9,13.0,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C23H34O2Si371.2401;Found 371.2404.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3452.48,3417.55,2955.86,2921.81,2851.66,1659.70,1393.30,840.93。
实施例23:三甲基((2-甲基-1H-茚满-3-基)氧基)硅烷的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(12.2mg,0.02mmol),六氟锑酸银(27.5mg,0.08mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),相应的丙烯醛(2.0mmol),氩气下40℃加热反应24小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(31.0mg,收率71%)。棕色油状物。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.42-7.37(dd,J=17.0Hz,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.21(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.08(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.36(s,2H),2.22(s,3H),0.35(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=155.4,149.7,142.8,135.2,125.6,122.8,122.6,120.8,46.0,17.1,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C13H18OSi 219.1200;Found 219.1195.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3473.09,3453.12,3225.51,1651.59,1644.80,1633.88,1402.39,1385.06。
实施例24:((2-乙基-1H-茚-3-基)氧基)三甲基硅烷的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(12.2mg,0.02mmol),六氟锑酸银(27.5mg,0.08mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),相应的丙烯醛(2.0mmol),氩气下40℃加热反应24小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(24.0mg,收率52%)。黄色油状物。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.44-7.39(dd,J=19.0Hz,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.23-7.20(m,1H),7.10-7.07(m,1H),3.40(s,2H),2.61(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.17(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.35(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=161.8,149.4,142.8,134.5,125.4,122.7,121.0,42.5,24.2,14.9,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H20OSi 233.1356;Found233.1359.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3453.77,3417.16,1651.55,1634.10,1402.44,1384.95,471.39,436.71。
实施例25:((2-癸基-1H-茚-3-基)氧基)三甲基硅烷的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(12.2mg,0.02mmol),六氟锑酸银(27.5mg,0.08mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),相应的丙烯醛(3.0mmol),氩气下40℃加热反应36小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(35.1mg,收率51%)。黄色油状物。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.44-7.41(m,1H),7.39(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.22-7.19(m,1H),7.10-7.06(m,1H),3.39(s,2H),2.58-2.54(m,2H),1.53(s,2H),1.31-1.26(m,14H),0.89-0.86(m,3H),0.35(d,J=4.5Hz,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=160.6,149.3,142.8,134.8,125.3,122.6,122.6,120.9,31.3,31.2,30.5,29.3,29.0,28.8,22.1,13.5,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C22H36OSi 345.2608;Found 345.2609.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3444.37,3417.69,3224.58,1651.39,1644.67,1633.68,1402.64,1384.98。
实施例26:(S)-1-甲基-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(6.1mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),相应的丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(33.5mg,收率68%)。棕色油状物。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.25(s,1H),7.73(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=32.0Hz,1H),7.40-7.32(m,2H),3.82(q,J=7.5Hz,1H),1.42(d,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.50(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.6,159.9,158.1,150.2,144.5,127.1,125.6,124.2,122.3,43.6,15.6,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C14H18O2Si 247.1149;Found 247.1151.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3444.57,3417.74,3159.92,2358.08,1651.59,1402.60,1251.77,841.25。
实施例27:3-((二甲基(苯基)甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(12.2mg,0.02mmol),六氟锑酸银(27.5mg,0.08mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(32.4mg,收率55%)。黄色油状物。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=9.96(s,1H),7.58-7.57(m,1H),7.55(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.41-7.37(m,2H),7.33(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.25-7.22(m,1H),3.75(s,2H),0.75(s,6H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=189.9,159.7,155.8,147.4,144.6,137.3,133.9,129.9,128.4,128.2,126.7,125.7,124.5,38.6,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcdfor C18H18O2Si295.1149;Found 295.1144.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3456.29,3417.61,2935.88,2851.09,2361.94,2339.90,1658.84,1402.23。
实施例28:3-((甲基二苯基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(12.2mg,0.02mmol),六氟锑酸银(27.5mg,0.08mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(48.4mg,收率68%)。黄色油状物。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=9.54(s,1H),7.58-7.54(m,5H),7.45-7.42(m,2H),7.39-7.36(m,4H),7.32-7.29(m,1H),7.22(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.13(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),3.79(s,2H),1.02(s,3H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=191.8,159.2,158.2,149.0,146.0,136.8,136.4,131.7,130.0,129.7,128.2,127.7,125.9,40.3,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcdfor C23H20O2Si 357.1305;Found357.1307.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3443.58,3416.79,1682.25,1659.24,1651.52,1634.20,1634.20,1402.54。
实施例29:3-((三乙基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(12.2mg,0.02mmol),六氟锑酸银(27.5mg,0.08mmol),醋酸铜(47.2mg,0.26mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及相应的苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下40℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(36.2mg,收率66%)。浅黄色油状物。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.18(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),7.38-7.33(m,2H),3.75(s,2H),1.02(d,J=2.0Hz,15H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=185.1,154.8,151.4,142.8,139.7,123.2,121.7,120.3,119.5,33.6,2.5,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C16H22O2Si 275.1462;Found 275.1462.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3455.33,3433.69,3206.49,1679.61,1649.52,1642.94,1537.47。
实施例30:3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体(6.2mg,0.01mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7mg,0.04mmol),醋酸铜(43.7mg,0.24mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及苯甲酰基硅烷(0.2mmol),丙烯醛(0.6mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(24.1mg,收率52%)。浅黄色固体,m.p.:60.5-62.8℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.18(s,1H),7.68-7.66(m,1H),7.49-7.47(m,1H),7.31-7.26(m,2H),3.64(s,2H),0.43(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.7,161.0,153.7,146.4,143.6,127.1,125.7,124.3,123.6,37.3,0.3.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcdfor C13H16O2Si233.0992;Found 233.0990.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3450.19,3410.97,2956.89,1643.81,1658.52,1538.35,1402.49,844.89。
实施例31:3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-1H-茚-2-甲醛的制备
取干净反应瓶,加入小磁子,烘干,加入(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体(183.7mg,0.3mmol),六氟锑酸银(412.3mg,1.2mmol),醋酸铜(1416.7mg,7.8mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(1.0mL),以及苯甲酰基硅烷(1069.8mg,6.0mmol),丙烯醛(1009.2mg,18.0mmol),氩气下60℃加热反应16小时后,反应液经直接柱层析分离后得到目标产物(780.6mg,收率56%)。浅黄色固体,m.p.:60.5-62.8℃.1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=10.27(s,1H),7.79-7.74(m,1H),7.60-7.57(m,1H),7.41-7.38(m,2H),3.76(s,2H),0.53(s,9H).13C NMR(125Hz,CDCl3):δ=188.7,160.8,153.5,146.4,143.6,127.1,125.7,124.3,123.6,37.4,0.2.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C13H16O2Si 233.0992;Found 233.0990.FTIR(KBr,cm-1):3450.19,3410.97,2956.89,1643.81,1658.52,1538.35,1402.49,844.89。
Claims (7)
1.一种硅氧基茚衍生物的合成方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将式(3)所示苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物、式(4)所示丙烯醛类化合物、过渡金属盐催化剂、银盐添加剂、氧化剂置于有机溶剂中,惰性气体氛围下加热反应,当R6为氢时,反应生成式(1)所示硅氧基茚衍生物,否则,反应生成式(2)所示硅氧基茚衍生物;所述的过渡金属盐催化剂为(对甲基异丙基苯基)二氯化钌(II)二聚体或二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体;所述的银盐添加剂为六氟锑酸银;所述的氧化剂为醋酸铜;所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷;
其中,
n为0、1、2、3或4;
R1为C1~4烷基或苯基;
R2为C1~4烷基或苯基;
R3为C1~4烷基或苯基;
R4为氢、氟、氯、溴、C1~5烷基、C1~5烷氧基、苯基、3,4-环丁二烯、3,4-环甲基醚或3~8元环烷基,所述的C1~5烷基、C1~5烷氧基、苯基任选被1、2或3个氟、氯、溴、碘、OH、NH2、CN取代;所述的3~8元环烷基任选被1、2或3个氟、氯、溴、碘或C1~4烷基取代;所述3,4-环丁二烯是一种与式(1)或式(2)苯环形成萘环的结构;3,4-环甲基醚是一种与式(1)或式(2)苯环形成1,3-苯并二氧五环的结构;
R5为氢或甲基;
R6为氢或C1~10烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,R1为甲基、乙基或苯基;R2为甲基、乙基或苯基;R3为甲基、乙基或苯基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,R4为3-甲基、4-甲基、4-乙基、4-异丙基、4-叔丁基、4-甲氧基、4-三氟甲氧基、4-氟、3-氯、4-氯、5-氯、4-溴、4-苯基、3,4-环丁二烯、3,5-二甲基、3,4-环甲基醚、3-氟-4-甲氧基、3-甲基-4-氟或对正丁基环己基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,R5为氢;R6为甲基、乙基或正壬基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,R5为甲基;R6为氢。
6.根据权利要求1~5任意一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述式(3)所示苯甲酰基硅烷衍生物:式(4)所示丙烯醛类化合物:过渡金属盐催化剂:银盐添加剂:氧化剂的物质的量之比为1:3.0~10.0:0.05~0.1:0.2~0.4:1.0~1.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述加热反应的温度为50~80℃,反应时间8~24小时。
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