CN111533588A - A kind of organic fertilizer production method and processing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a production method and processing equipment of organic fertilizer. The production method comprises the following steps: S1. pretreatment; S2. high temperature and high pressure stirring and sterilization; S3. fermentation; S4. adjusting moisture, pH value and soil conductivity; final packaging ; Mix the dead livestock and poultry with the thermophilic compound microbial inoculum, adjust the moisture content and carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material, put it into the high-temperature fermentation equipment, and raise the temperature of the equipment to above 80 ℃ by electric heating to inactivate the harmful microorganisms in the waste. At the same time, it activates the activity of thermophilic composite microbial inoculants, and uses thermophilic flora to accelerate the degradation of waste organic matter and the formation of humus, and produce stabilized, decomposed and harmless organic fertilizer products. This technology improves the fertilizer production efficiency of organic fertilizer, shortens the fermentation period, and improves the quality of organic fertilizer. The whole process is controlled within 10 hours, which greatly improves the fertilizer production efficiency compared with ordinary compost fermentation, and forms an organic fertilizer with high temperature sterilization, rapid fermentation, energy saving and environmental protection. Waste recycling technology.

Description

A kind of organic fertilizer production method and processing equipment

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage disposal and the technical field of organic fertilizer production, in particular to a production method and processing equipment of organic fertilizer using sick and dead livestock and poultry.

Background technique

With the continuous development of my country's animal husbandry, deaths from natural disasters, diseases, unknown causes of death, or infected livestock and poultry will continue to occur. Standardizing the treatment of sick and dead animals and improving the technical level of harmless treatment of sick and dead animals has become a guarantee for animal husbandry. key issues of the healthy development of the population and the physical health of the people.

Therefore, a method of fermenting the harmless treatment of sick and dead livestock and poultry into organic fertilizer appeared later, which made full use of the remains of sick and dead livestock and poultry to meet the treatment requirements of sick and dead livestock and poultry, but the fermentation time was long, requiring 2- 4 months, and the space requirement is large, there are hidden dangers of environmental pollution such as waste water, waste gas, waste residue, etc., and the labor consumption is large. It is necessary to use a large-scale stacker to operate in a closed space with a deodorization device, which is costly. The fermentation material needs to be transported to the fermentation site, which is costly. And if the fermentation is not sufficient, there are hidden dangers of insect eggs, germs, and weed seeds.

Therefore, those skilled in the art are devoted to developing a production method and processing equipment for the harmless treatment of sick and dead livestock and poultry into organic fertilizer with short processing time and low cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for producing organic fertilizers by harmlessly processing sick and dead livestock and poultry with short processing time and low cost.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of organic fertilizer production method, comprises the following steps:

S1. Pretreatment: use a pulverizer to pulverize dead livestock and poultry into several small pieces;

S2. High temperature and high pressure stirring and disinfection; put the sick and dead livestock and poultry cut into several small pieces into a high temperature and high pressure container, add fermentation accessories and stir, and mix evenly, wherein the weight of the fermentation accessories is 1 to 3 times the weight of the sick and dead livestock and poultry, and continues High temperature and high pressure, the heating temperature is 140℃～170℃, the internal pressure of the high temperature and high pressure container is 1.2MPa～2.0MPa, and the duration of the high temperature and high pressure stirring and sterilization is 1～6 hours;

S3. Fermentation: the temperature and pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure container is lowered, wherein the pressure is reduced to normal pressure, and the temperature is lowered to 80-100°C, and the thermophilic composite microbial flora is added for fermentation, and the fermentation time is 4-6 hours;

S4. Adjust moisture, pH value and soil conductivity: inject water into the high temperature and high pressure container to adjust the water content; add the fermentation auxiliary material to the high temperature and high pressure container to adjust the pH value; add the fermentation auxiliary material to the high temperature and high pressure container to adjust the soil conductivity.

The particle size of the small pieces of the dead livestock and poultry is less than or equal to 5×5cm.

The thermophilic complex microbial flora includes at least two of Brevibacterium potsdam, Bacillus, Geobacillus, extreme thermophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The fermentation auxiliary material is one or a combination of one or more of perishable garbage, sludge, human, livestock and poultry manure, agricultural and forestry production waste, and food processing industry organic waste.

The present invention also provides a processing equipment for producing organic fertilizer by adopting the above-mentioned organic fertilizer production method, comprising a high-pressure tank body and a stirring shaft installed in the high-pressure tank body, the stirring shaft is connected with a power device, and the high-pressure tank body is provided with There are air inlet, air outlet, water inlet, pressure sensor, temperature sensor, pH value sensor, soil conductivity sensor, humidity sensor and heating device, the high-pressure tank is equipped with a control system, and the water inlet is connected with an inlet pump , the air inlet is connected with a blower fan, and the control system is electrically connected with the pressure sensor, temperature sensor, pH sensor, soil conductivity sensor, humidity sensor, heating device, intake pump and blower fan.

The high-pressure tank body is provided with a gas sensor, and the air outlet is also provided with a first deodorant spray head, the first deodorant spray head is connected to a spray pump, and the gas sensor and the spray pump are connected to the control system. electrical connection.

The heating device is an electronically controlled heating device electrically connected to the control system, and the electronically controlled heating device is an electric heating wire.

The heating device is a heat-conducting oil pipe installed in the high-pressure tank, the heat-conducting oil pipe is filled with heat-conducting oil, and the heat-conducting oil pipe is connected with an electric control heating device electrically connected with the control system.

An ultraviolet lamp electrically connected to the control system is also installed in the high-pressure tank.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The fermentation time of organic fertilizer is greatly shortened, and the fermentation process of sick and dead livestock and poultry with different formulas can be completed within 4 to 6 hours.

(2) The fermentation process is pollution-free, and there is no waste gas, waste water and waste residue in the fermentation process of dead livestock and poultry, and the fermented materials can be fermented without pre-dehydration. And the fermentation material is sterilized at high temperature to avoid secondary pollution.

(3) The device used in this method has low production cost and moderate volume, which can realize mobile operation. Using this fermentation technology and equipment can save energy and electricity, and can also produce fermentation equipment of different capacities according to requirements, which can be easily transported to sick and dead livestock. Work on the site where fermentation materials are concentrated to reduce the risk and cost of transporting sick and dead livestock and poultry.

(4) The quality is reliable. During the fermentation process, the temperature is kept above 80℃, which can effectively remove germs, viruses, eggs and weed seeds. The produced organic fertilizers, cultivation substrates and other products are rich in organic matter and various nutrient elements, and have been tested in line with the national standards for organic fertilizers and soil products.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the processing equipment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, in a specific manner construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. The terms "first," "second," "third," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.

A method for producing organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

S1. Pretreatment: use a pulverizer to pulverize dead livestock and poultry into several small pieces;

S2. High temperature and high pressure stirring and disinfection; put the sick and dead livestock and poultry cut into several small pieces into a high temperature and high pressure container, add fermentation accessories and stir, and mix evenly, wherein the weight of the fermentation accessories is 1 to 3 times the weight of the sick and dead livestock and poultry, and continues High temperature and high pressure, the heating temperature is 140 ℃ ~ 170 ℃, the internal pressure of the high temperature and high pressure container is 1.2 MPa ~ 2.0 MPa, and the high temperature and high pressure stirring disinfection time is 1 to 6 hours;

S3. Fermentation: the temperature and pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure container is lowered, wherein the pressure is reduced to normal pressure, and the temperature is lowered to 80-100°C, and the thermophilic composite microbial flora is added for fermentation, and the fermentation time is 4-6 hours;

S4. Adjust moisture, pH value and soil conductivity: inject water into the high temperature and high pressure container to adjust the water content; add fermentation auxiliary materials to the high temperature and high pressure container to adjust the pH value, wherein the pH value is 7.5-8.5; add fermentation auxiliary materials to the high temperature and high pressure container to adjust the soil conductivity.

Final cutting and packaging.

In the present invention, the particle size of the small pieces of sick and dead livestock and poultry is less than or equal to 5×5 cm, and a better balance is achieved between the treatment effect and the treatment cost.

In the present invention, the thermophilic composite microbial flora includes at least two of Brevibacillus potsdam, Bacillus, Geobacillus, extreme thermophilic bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the optimum fermentation efficiency is when the pH value is 7.5-8.5, When the pH value and soil conductivity do not meet the quality requirements, add fermentation auxiliary materials to adjust. The combination.

Among them, perishable garbage includes perishable garbage in urban garbage, food residues and food processing wastes and other perishable garbage generated in the daily life of households; vegetable and fruit garbage, rotten meat, broken bones generated in farmers' markets, agricultural product wholesale markets, etc. , egg shells, viscera of livestock and poultry products and other perishable wastes; food residues and food processing wastes and other food wastes in food processing, catering services, unit meals and other activities outside the daily life of residents.

Sludge includes river pond and lake sludge, domestic sewage plant sludge, and biochemical pond waste.

Agricultural and forestry production wastes include wastes from all aspects of agricultural production, including various livestock and poultry manures, fermentation residues in aquaculture, straws, rice husks, vegetable and fruit residues in planting, and litter in garden green spaces.

Organic wastes generated by the food processing industry include food residues, mushroom pomace, wine pomace, bean dregs, sugar mill filter mud, bagasse, potato pomace, sugar beet pomace, slaughtering blood from the meat processing industry, and scraps from the food industry.

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of processing equipment that adopts above-mentioned organic fertilizer production method to produce organic fertilizer, comprises high-pressure tank 1 and stirring shaft 2 installed in high-pressure tank 1, stirring shaft 2 is connected with power device, high-pressure tank 1 is provided with an air inlet 3, an air outlet 4, a water inlet 5, a pressure sensor 6, a temperature sensor 7, a pH sensor 8, a soil conductivity sensor 9, a humidity sensor 10 and a heating device 16, and the high-pressure tank 1 is equipped with a control System 11, the water inlet 5 is connected with an inlet pump, the air inlet 3 is connected with a blower fan, and the control system 11 is connected with a pressure sensor 6, a temperature sensor 7, a pH sensor 8, a soil conductivity sensor 9, a humidity sensor 10, and a heating device 16. , the inlet water pump and the blower fan are electrically connected.

The top of the high-pressure tank body 1 is provided with a lid 14, and the bottom is provided with a discharge port 15, which are respectively used for feeding and discharging.

The air inlet 3 and the air outlet 4 are respectively equipped with electric control valves, which are used to control the circulation of gas inside and outside the high-pressure tank 1; 4. A first deodorant spray head 13 is also provided, the first deodorant spray head 13 is connected to a spray pump, and at least one second deodorant spray head 18 is also provided in the high-pressure tank 1, and the second deodorant spray The head 18 is also connected with the spray pump, the gas sensor 12 and the spray pump are electrically connected with the control system 11, and the gas sensor 12 is used to detect the gas content produced by the fermentation materials such as ammonia nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide. When the content exceeds the "Emission Standard of Malodorous Pollutants" (GB14554-93), the deodorant is sprayed from the first deodorant spray head 13 and the second deodorant spray head 18 by the spray pump to eliminate the malodorous smell produced during fermentation, Then the excess gas is discharged through the gas outlet 4 .

In the present invention, the heating device 16 is an electronically controlled heating device electrically connected to the control system 11, and the electronically controlled heating device is an electric heating wire; It is equipped with heat-conducting oil, and the heat-conducting oil pipe is connected with an electronically controlled heating device that is electrically connected to the control system 11 .

In the present invention, the power device is a motor, and the control system 11 is also provided with a rotational speed monitoring module and a forward and reverse rotation control module. When the rotational speed decreases during the stirring process, it means that there is debris stuck on the stirring shaft 2, and at this time, the forward and reverse rotation controls The module controls the agitator shaft 2 to reverse rotation to prevent the agitator shaft 2 from being stuck by debris.

The ultraviolet lamp 17 electrically connected with the control system 11 is also installed in the high-pressure tank 1, and its main purpose is to continuously disinfect the inside of the high-pressure tank 1, and can be a high-temperature and high-pressure container before step S2. The interior, that is, the interior of the high-pressure tank 1, is sterilized to ensure the hygiene before processing; it is also possible to continue to light up the disinfection during step S2 to strengthen the disinfection effect of step S2, and it is also possible to sterilize the interior of the high-pressure tank 1 after the final unloading to avoid Breeds of bacteria and viruses when not in use.

In addition, in order to facilitate the observation and control of the actual conditions in the high-pressure tank 1 during the processing, a transparent observation window is provided on the cover 14 of the processing equipment, and the surface of the observation window is coated with a nano-waterproof coating; The high-pressure waterproof lighting and waterproof camera are installed in the body 1. The surface of the waterproof camera is also coated with a nano-waterproof coating. The waterproof camera is connected to a monitor. The water vapor will not adhere to the viewing window or waterproof camera, ensuring a clear view.

The working principle of the present invention is:

After the dead livestock and poultry are crushed and cut into several small pieces, they are put into the high-pressure tank 1, and the lid 14 is covered. According to the above-mentioned organic fertilizer production method, the control system 11 controls the heating device to heat up. The internal pressure of the high-pressure tank 1 is boosted, and the stirring shaft 2 continues to stir during the high-temperature and high-pressure process to fully sterilize. The sensor 12 monitors the gas composition, especially when the odorous gases such as ammonia nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide exceed the standard, start the spray pump to spray the deodorant from the first deodorant spray head 13 and the second deodorant spray head 18 to deodorize, and at the same time According to the actual fermentation situation, the blower fan is started for ventilation to improve the fermentation condition; finally, the temperature and humidity, pH value and soil temperature during the fermentation process are monitored by the temperature sensor 7, the humidity sensor 10, the pH sensor 8 and the soil conductivity sensor 9 during the fermentation process. Conductivity EC value, if the temperature is low, start the heating device to heat, if the humidity is low, start spraying pure water through the water inlet 5 to increase the humidity in the high-pressure tank 1, if the pH value and soil conductivity EC value deviates from the demand value, then add fermentation auxiliary materials, and after the final adjustment, it will be discharged through the discharge port 15 and packaged. The invention utilizes the efficient combination of automatic high-temperature closed organic fertilizer fermentation equipment and thermophilic composite microbial inoculants, and mixes sick and dead livestock and poultry and fermentation auxiliary materials with the thermophilic composite microbial inoculants, adjusts the moisture content and carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed materials, and places a high temperature In the fermentation equipment, the temperature of the equipment is raised to above 80 ℃ through electric heating, inactivating harmful microorganisms and pathogens in the waste, and at the same time activating the activity of the thermophilic compound microbial inoculum, and using the thermophilic flora to accelerate the degradation of organic matter in the waste and the regeneration of humic substances. Formed and produced organic fertilizer products with stable quality and completely decomposed and harmless. This technology improves the fertilizer production efficiency of organic fertilizers, shortens the fermentation period, and improves the quality of organic fertilizers. The entire high-temperature fermentation time is controlled within 10 hours, which greatly improves the fertilizer production efficiency compared with ordinary compost fermentation, and forms high-temperature sterilization, rapid fermentation, energy saving and environmental protection. organic waste recycling technology.

Through the experiment of the inventor, in particular, according to the method and equipment of the present invention, it meets the requirements of "Biosafety Treatment Regulations for Diseased Animals and Diseased Animal Products" (GB16548-2006), and the produced organic fertilizer meets the urban waste agricultural control standard (GB8172) and China. Compared with the traditional fermentation production method, the fermentation time of the present invention is 4-6 hours, the traditional fermentation production method takes 2-4 months, and the production and processing time greatly shortened.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and changes according to the concept of the present invention without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art according to the concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A production method of an organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, pretreatment: crushing and cutting the livestock and poultry died of diseases into a plurality of small pieces by adopting a crusher;

s2, high-temperature and high-pressure stirring and disinfection: putting the livestock and poultry died of illness into a high-temperature high-pressure container, adding fermentation auxiliary materials, stirring and uniformly mixing, wherein the weight of the fermentation auxiliary materials is 1-3 times of that of the livestock and poultry died of illness, continuously heating at the high temperature and the high pressure, the heating temperature is 140-170 ℃, the internal pressure of the high-temperature high-pressure container is 1.2-2.0 MPa, and the high-temperature high-pressure stirring and sterilizing time is 1-6 hours;

s3, fermentation: cooling and depressurizing the high-temperature high-pressure container, wherein the depressurization is carried out to normal pressure, the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃, and thermophilic compound microorganism flora is added for fermentation for 4-6 hours;

s4, adjusting moisture, pH value and soil conductivity: injecting water into the high-temperature high-pressure container to adjust the water content; adding the fermentation auxiliary materials into the high-temperature high-pressure container to adjust the pH value; and adding fermentation auxiliary materials into the high-temperature high-pressure container to adjust the conductivity of the soil.

2. The method for producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the particle size of the small pieces of the livestock and poultry died of diseases is less than or equal to 5 multiplied by 5 cm.

3. The method for producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thermophilic compound microbial community comprises at least two of Brevibacillus borstelensis, Bacillus, Geobacillus, extreme thermophilic bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

4. The method for producing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fermentation auxiliary materials are one or a combination of a plurality of perishable garbage, sludge, human, animal and poultry manure, agricultural and forestry production waste and organic waste of food processing industry.

5. A processing device for producing organic fertilizer by adopting the method for producing organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that: comprises a high-pressure tank body (1) and a stirring shaft (2) arranged in the high-pressure tank body (1), the stirring shaft (2) is connected with a power device, the high-pressure tank body (1) is provided with an air inlet (3), an air outlet (4), a water inlet (5), a pressure sensor (6), a temperature sensor (7), a pH value sensor (8), a soil conductivity sensor (9), a humidity sensor (10) and a heating device, the high-pressure tank body (1) is provided with a control system (11), the water inlet (5) is connected with a water inlet pump, the air inlet (3) is connected with a blowing fan, and the control system (11) is electrically connected with the pressure sensor (6), the temperature sensor (7), the pH value sensor (8), the soil conductivity sensor (9), the humidity sensor (10), the heating device (16), the water inlet pump and the blowing fan.

6. The processing apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the high-pressure tank body (1) is provided with gas sensor (12), gas outlet (4) still are provided with first deodorant atomising head (13), the spraying pump is connected in first deodorant atomising head (13), gas sensor (12) and spraying pump with control system (11) electricity is connected.

7. The processing apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the heating device (16) is an electric control heating device electrically connected with the control system (11), and the electric control heating device is an electric heating wire.

8. The processing apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the heating device (16) is a heat conduction oil pipe arranged in the high-pressure tank body (1), the heat conduction oil pipe is filled with heat conduction oil, and the heat conduction oil pipe is connected with an electric control heating device electrically connected with the control system (11).

9. The processing apparatus of claim 5, wherein: and an ultraviolet lamp (17) electrically connected with the control system (11) is further installed in the high-pressure tank body (1).

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