CN111521715A - 一种检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃c10~c40的方法 - Google Patents

一种检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃c10~c40的方法 Download PDF

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CN111521715A
CN111521715A CN202010522965.2A CN202010522965A CN111521715A CN 111521715 A CN111521715 A CN 111521715A CN 202010522965 A CN202010522965 A CN 202010522965A CN 111521715 A CN111521715 A CN 111521715A
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石银俊
龚祖星
吴述超
曹攽
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ZHEJIANG INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCE
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法,土壤和沉积物中的总石油烃C10~C40经提取、在线净化、浓缩、定容后,经带氢火焰离子化检测器的气相色谱仪检测,根据保留时间窗定性,外标法定量。本发明所述的填充在萃取池内的吸附材料为弗罗里硅土,能够被正己烷或者正己烷‑丙酮提取且不被硅酸镁吸附,采用样品、吸附剂混匀‑在线净化的加速溶剂萃取法,净化过程都在萃取池的封闭体系中完成,样品和吸附剂直接混合均匀,与其它净化方法相比,无需分层填入吸附剂和样品,避免额外加入纤维滤膜,减少操作步骤,避免了提取液净化过程多次转移产生的损耗,减少有机溶剂使用量,提高样品回收率。

Description

一种检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及分析化学领域,具体涉及一种检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法。
背景技术
石油是主要的矿物燃料之一,在开采、运输、加工使用过程中不可避免地对土壤造成污染,当污染程度和速度都超出了土壤自净能力时,会导致土壤环境正常功能失调,土壤质量下降,并通过食物链最终影响到人类健康。准确测定土壤中总石油烃含量对控制环境污染、为土壤修复提供基础数据具有重要意义。
目前土壤中总石油烃(C10~C40)的测定采用气相色谱法,前处理方法有超声波萃取、快速溶剂萃取、索氏提取法,振荡萃取法等。萃取后溶液浓缩至约1mL,再经过含有弗罗里硅土的固相萃取小柱净化,净化后溶液再浓缩至1mL,进样气相色谱仪检测。
上述前处理技术都存在流程长、操作繁琐等特点,属于劳动密集型。针对这些问题,最近发展起来的快速溶剂萃取在线净化技术是一种较快速简便的方法,即在萃取池内填充吸附材料(石墨化炭黑、弗罗里硅土、硅胶、氧化铝等),以纤维素滤膜隔开,上面再放置样品,起到快速提取的同时,做到在线净化。但是,现有技术中的在线净化技术需要将吸附剂分层压实,同样存在操作繁琐、耗时较长的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中存在的问题,并提供一种采用加速溶剂萃取-样品、吸附剂混匀-在线净化-气相色谱法检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃(C10~C40)的方法。本方法将吸附剂与样品直接混合均匀,填入萃取池中,在萃取过程中,吸附剂有效吸附样品中极性化合物,起到净化作用,省去了原处理流程中在萃取流程后额外的固相萃取净化步骤。在大批量样品测试中,本方法能降低生产成本,提高生产效率;
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
本发明公开了一种检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法,土壤和沉积物中的总石油烃C10~C40经提取、在线净化、浓缩、定容后,经带氢火焰离子化检测器的气相色谱仪检测,根据保留时间窗定性,外标法定量。
作为进一步地改进,本发明包括如下具体步骤:
1)、将采集的土壤或沉积物样品立刻冷冻保存,采用低温冷冻干燥,磨碎后过60-100目筛;
2)、称取过筛后的土壤或沉积物样,再称取吸附材料,加入适量硅藻土,将三种物质均匀混合,填充于萃取池内,萃取池底部事先填充一层纤维素滤膜,硅藻土的填充量可根据萃取池的大小、样品质量进行适当调整,确保填充物占萃取池体积80%以上;
3)、设定加速溶剂萃取仪的萃取条件,进行提取;
4)、采用旋转蒸发仪和氮吹仪对提取液进行浓缩,定容1.0mL,待测。
作为进一步地改进,本发明所述的土壤和沉积物采集后立刻在-18~-20℃冷冻保存,研磨后过60~100目筛除去大颗粒杂质,以保证样品的均匀性和稳定性。
作为进一步地改进,本发明所述的吸附材料为弗罗里硅土,粒径为60-100目,与样品粒度相近,便于样品混匀。
作为进一步地改进,本发明所述的待测样品(土壤或沉积物)与弗罗里硅土的质量比为1-2:1,使弗罗里硅土尽可能地完全吸附样品中的极性物质。
作为进一步地改进,本发明所述的萃取池内待测样品和吸附材料的填充体积占萃取池总体积的80%-100%。
作为进一步地改进,本发明所述的溶剂为正己烷,避免使用其它极性提取液时,将样品中的水分带出,造成溶剂峰变宽,分析结果失真现象。
作为进一步地改进,本发明所述的静态萃取时间5-15min,循环2-3次,萃取池加热温度为90-110℃。
作为进一步地改进,本发明采用旋转蒸发仪对提取液浓缩,再采用氮吹仪氮吹浓缩。
作为进一步地改进,本发明所述的气相色谱条件为:色谱柱的尺寸5m×0.32mm×0.1um,载气为氮气,进样口温度为300℃,进样方式:不分流进样;氢火焰离子化检测器中,气体流量:氮气:10mL/min,氢气:30mL/min;空气:300mL/min;检测器温度:325℃;进样量:1uL。
本发明的技术优势在于:
(1)本发明所述的填充在萃取池内的吸附材料为弗罗里硅土,根据ISO16703:2011soil quality——determination ofcontent ofhydrocarbon in the range C10 toC40 by gas chromatography和《土壤和沉积物石油烃(C10~C40)的测定气相色谱法》(HJ1021-2019)中对于石油烃(C10~C40)的定义:能够被正己烷(或者正己烷-丙酮)提取且不被硅酸镁吸附,在气相色谱图上保留时间介于正葵烷和正四十烷的有机化合物,硅酸镁即弗罗里硅土,可以有效吸附土壤和沉积物中的极性化合物,而不会降低目标物石油烃(C10~C40)的提取效率。
(2)本发明采用正己烷作为提取液,能有效提取土壤和沉积物中的石油烃(C10~C40),而其它具有极性提取液(如丙酮)会将样品中水分子提取出来,从而造成的溶剂峰过宽问题(见附图1)。正己烷是一种较为温和的提取试剂,在保证提取效率的情况下,能有效避免上述问题(样品加标谱图见附图2),保证测定结果的准确性和可靠性。
(3)采用样品、吸附剂混匀-在线净化的加速溶剂萃取法,净化过程都在萃取池的封闭体系中完成,样品和吸附剂直接混合均匀,与其它净化方法相比,无需分层填入吸附剂和样品,避免额外加入纤维滤膜,减少操作步骤,避免了提取液净化过程多次转移产生的损耗,减少有机溶剂使用量,提高样品回收率。
(4)土壤和沉积物的萃取和净化过程由加速溶剂萃取仪设备自动完成,自动化程度高,对于大批量样品的处理,大大节省人力成本。
(5)采用加速溶剂萃取-样品吸附剂混匀-在线净化法对土壤、沉积物样品预处理,提取液经浓缩后可以直接采用气相色谱仪检测,气相色谱快速柱的使用,可以在3min内使所有正构烷烃出峰,大大缩短分析时间,提高了生产效率。
附图说明
图1是丙酮/正己烷(1:1)作为提取试剂时样品中石油烃谱图。
图2是正己烷作为提取试剂时样品加标谱图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合具体实施例对本发明提供的一种采用加速溶剂萃取-样品吸附剂混匀-在线净化-气相色谱法检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃(C10~C40)的方法进行详细描述。
实施例1:
本发明提供了一种采用加速溶剂萃取-样品吸附剂混匀-在线净化-气相色谱法检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃(C10~C40)的分析方法,可以对土壤和沉积物中石油烃(C10~C40)含量进行分析,采用以下仪器与试剂:
仪器:ASE350加速溶剂萃取仪(Thermofisher,美国);气相色谱仪(Agilent,美国);旋转蒸发仪;氮吹仪;低温冷冻干燥机。
试剂:弗罗里硅土(60-100目);正己烷(农残级)。石油烃(C10~C40)标准溶液(AccuStandard公司,美国),石油烃土壤标准物质(NSIlab公司,美国)
一种采用加速溶剂萃取-样品吸附剂混匀-在线净化-气相色谱法检测土壤和沉积物中石油烃(C10~C40)的分析方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)土壤和沉积物样品的制备:将采集的土壤和沉积物样品立刻在-18℃~20℃冷冻,采用低温冷冻干燥后,磨碎后过60~100目筛。
(2)称取过筛后的土壤、沉积物样,再称取弗罗里硅土,加入适量硅藻土,将三种物质均匀混合,填充于萃取池内,萃取池底部事先填充1层纤维素滤膜。硅藻土的填充量可根据萃取池的大小、样品质量进行适当调整,确保填充物占萃取池体积80%以上。本实例选择萃取池的体积为34mL,土壤样品10.00g,弗罗里硅土5g。
(3)本实例中选择加速溶剂萃取仪(Thermofisher ASE350)的萃取条件:萃取溶剂为正己烷,萃取温度为100℃,萃取压力为1500psi、静态萃取时间5min,循环次数3次,萃取溶剂体积50%,氮气吹扫时间90s。每个样品萃取总时间约30min。
(4)提取液采用旋转蒸发仪和氮吹仪浓缩,定容1.0mL,借助于气相色谱仪(Agilent Intuvo9000)分析,实例中仪器的气相色谱条件:进样口300℃,进样量1uL,不分流进样,DB-5HT色谱柱(5m×320μm×0.1μm),载气为氮气,流量10mL/min,程序升温:40℃保持0.5min,以250℃/min速率升至150℃,以125℃/min的速率升至250℃,以85℃/min速率升至320℃,保持0.6min,共计3.16min。
结果与讨论
(1)吸附剂的选择
试验了硅胶,中性三氧化二铝、弗罗里硅土三种吸附剂(均为60~100目),以硬脂酸十八烷基酯来检验三种吸附剂的净化效率,称取5g吸附剂填充于小柱中,加入10mL1g/L的硬脂酸十八烷基酯溶液,通过净化柱的溶液的测定值比照参照值得到回收率。硬脂酸十八烷基酯在三种吸附剂的回收率见表1。
表1三种吸附材料的净化效率比较
吸附剂名称 回收率
硅胶 8.3%
中性三氧化二铝 6.1%
弗罗里硅土 2.1%
由表1可知,弗罗里硅土的回收率远远低于前两者吸附剂,说明弗罗里硅土的净化效率最高,因此,本发明选择弗罗里硅土作为吸附剂。
(2)提取试剂的选择
图1是丙酮/正己烷(1:1)作为提取试剂时样品中石油烃谱图;本发明采用正己烷作为提取试剂,能有效提取土壤和沉积物中的石油烃(C10~C40),而其它具有极性提取液(如丙酮)会将样品中水分子提取出来,从而造成溶剂峰过宽及分析结果失真的问题。
正己烷是一种较为温和的提取试剂,在保证提取效率的情况下,能有效避免上述问题,保证测定结果的准确性和可靠性。本发明采用正己烷为提取试剂。图2是正己烷作为提取试剂时样品加标谱图,由图2可见,当正己烷作为提取试剂时,目标化合物谱峰与溶剂峰有着较好的分离,避免了图1中出现的溶剂峰拖尾现象。因此,正己烷在保证提取效率和测定结果的准确性情况下,更具有优越性。
(3)石油烃标准物质回收率试验:
称取10g石油烃标准物质(SQCI-140)按照上述前处理方法和检测方法,对石油烃标准物质进行测定。试验设计方案为:①按照HJ1021-2019方法进行处理。即称取10.00g标准物质样品,加入适量硅藻土混合均匀,ASE萃取,浓缩,经装有弗罗里硅土的小柱净化,旋蒸氮吹浓缩,定容至1mL,仪器测试。②称取10.00g标准物质样品,在萃取池内依次填充1层纤维滤膜、5g弗罗里硅土、1层纤维滤膜,10.00g标准物质样品和适量硅藻土,经ASE萃取,旋蒸氮吹浓缩,定容至1mL,仪器测试。③称取10.00g标准物质样品,加入5g弗罗里硅土,再加入适量硅藻土,混合均匀,小心放入事先放置1层纤维滤膜的ASE萃取池中,经ASE萃取,旋蒸氮吹浓缩,定容至1mL,仪器测试。每个试验重复三次,试验结果见表1。
表2三种试验方案中石油烃(C10~C40)测试结果
Figure BDA0002532738550000051
由表2可知,按照标准方法(即第①方案)前处理的试验结果明显低于标准值,这是因为第①方案提取液在萃取、净化过程中多次转移,从而产生损耗,导致结果偏低。而第②方案和本发明方案(第③方案)的结果接近标准值,这是因为此两种方案中将萃取、净化集于一体,极大地减少了样品转移流程,避免损耗。并且,本发明方案(第③方案)测定值与第②方案相接近,相对偏差为2.78%,说明本发明方案可以达到传统快速溶剂萃取-分层在线净化的试验效果,但更为便捷,避免萃取池分层填装流程,对于大批量样品测试,极大地缩短样品装填时间,提高了测试效率,降低了生产成本。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的较佳的方案,然其并非用以限制本发明。有关技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化和变型。因此凡采取等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法为:土壤和沉积物中的总石油烃C10~C40经提取、在线净化、浓缩、定容后,经带氢火焰离子化检测器的气相色谱仪检测,根据保留时间窗定性,外标法定量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法,其特征在于,包括如下具体步骤:
1)、将采集的土壤或沉积物样品立刻冷冻保存,采用低温冷冻干燥,磨碎后过60-100目筛;
2)、称取过筛后的土壤或沉积物样,再称取吸附材料,加入适量硅藻土,将三种物质均匀混合,填充于萃取池内,萃取池底部事先填充一层纤维素滤膜,硅藻土的填充量可根据萃取池的大小、样品质量进行适当调整,确保填充物占萃取池体积80%以上;
3)、设定加速溶剂萃取仪的萃取条件,进行提取;
4)、采用旋转蒸发仪和氮吹仪对提取液进行浓缩,定容1.0mL,待测。
3.根据权利要求1所述的检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法,其特征在于,所述的的步骤1)中,土壤或沉积物采集后立刻在-18~-20℃冷冻保存,研磨后过60~100目筛除去大颗粒杂质。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2)中,所述的吸附材料为弗罗里硅土,粒径为60-100目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2)中,所述的待测样品(土壤或沉积物)与弗罗里硅土的质量比为1-2:1。
6.根据权利要求1或2或3或5所述的检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2)中,所述的萃取池内待测样品和吸附材料的填充体积占萃取池总体积的80%-100%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤3)中,所述的溶剂为正己烷。
8.根据权利要求1或7所述的检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法,其特征在于,所述的静态萃取时间5-15min,循环2-3次,萃取池加热温度为90-110℃。
9.根据权利要求1或2或3或5或7所述的检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤4)中,采用旋转蒸发仪对提取液浓缩,再采用氮吹仪氮吹浓缩。
10.根据权利要求1或2或3或5或7所述的检测土壤和沉积物中总石油烃C10~C40的方法,其特征在于,所述的气相色谱条件为:色谱柱的尺寸为5m×0.32mm×0.1um,载气为氮气,进样口温度为300℃,进样方式:不分流进样;氢火焰离子化检测器中,气体流量:氮气:10mL/min,氢气:30mL/min;空气:300mL/min;检测器温度:325℃;进样量:1uL。
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