CN111518370A - 阻燃型片状模塑料、其制备方法、由其压制的阻燃纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
阻燃型片状模塑料、其制备方法、由其压制的阻燃纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111518370A CN111518370A CN202010334580.3A CN202010334580A CN111518370A CN 111518370 A CN111518370 A CN 111518370A CN 202010334580 A CN202010334580 A CN 202010334580A CN 111518370 A CN111518370 A CN 111518370A
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- 239000003677 Sheet moulding compound Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 alkyl phosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000006473 carboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003972 cyclic carboxylic anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluquinol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- YSUQLAYJZDEMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(butoxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound CCCCOCC1CO1 YSUQLAYJZDEMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QXONIHMUSQFKJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(prop-1-enoxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound CC=COCC1CO1 QXONIHMUSQFKJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenyl glycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COC1=CC=CC=C1 FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroquinone methyl ether Natural products COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KRDXTHSSNCTAGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1C1CCCCC1 KRDXTHSSNCTAGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XYFRHHAYSXIKGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(5-methoxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-1h-indol-3-yl)prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C=C2C(C=CC(O)=O)=C(C(=O)OC)NC2=C1 XYFRHHAYSXIKGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012796 inorganic flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- BNMJSBUIDQYHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(O)=O BNMJSBUIDQYHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021523 carboxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CAAULPUQFIIOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound COP(O)(O)=O CAAULPUQFIIOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHGIMQLJWRAPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O UHGIMQLJWRAPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
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- C08F283/008—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polymers provided for in C08G18/00 on to unsaturated polymers
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- C08J2433/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻燃型片状模塑料、其制备方法、由其压制的阻燃纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法,属于聚合物合成及纤维增强复合材料制备领域。该方法包括如下步骤:磷酸单烷基酯对单环氧基化合物的开环反应;双键和羧基功能基团的引入;按照一定比例同市售乙烯基树脂混合,完成乙烯基SMC树脂的制备;按照配方进行片材制备;在模压设备上将片材高温压制成成品。本发明通过在乙烯基树脂添加一种含磷、双键的多羧基化合物,使得制备的树脂、片状模塑料及复合材料成品具有优异的阻燃性能;由于树脂阻燃性优异使得片材配方可以增大纤维含量、降低无机填料含量,进而使得最终复合材料产品性能较传统SMC产品有明显提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚合物合成及树脂制备领域,尤其是一种阻燃型片状模塑料、其制备方法、由其压制的阻燃纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
SMC是一种高效率机械化生产复合材料的制造工艺,一般采用羧酸基封端的不饱和聚酯树脂来制备。其原理为液体树脂在氧化镁等增稠剂的作用下,通过羧酸基团同氧化镁之间的非共价键的作用,将树脂、纤维和填料的混合体以适宜的速度增粘至具有一定强度的片状模塑料(俗称“片材”),而后在模具内通过模压机的高温和高压固化成型。乙烯基树脂由于不含有羧酸基团,不适用于传统的增稠工艺,只有经过特殊改性之后才能适用于该工艺并生产出力学性能更好的产品,如专利CN201610084522.3,提供了一种利用异氰酸酯同添加助剂中的羟基反应来增大整个树脂体系粘度的方法,CN201811443559.6提供了一种多羟基乙烯基树脂的制备方法,采用异氰酸酯同多羟基乙烯基树脂的扩链反应实现树脂体系的增稠;CN201611243706.6提供了一种环氧乙烯基树脂上羟基羧基化的技术手段,在乙烯基树脂上引入羧基,从而实现了传统增稠工艺在乙烯基树脂上的应用。上述手段都可以实现传统乙烯基树脂体系的增稠,但是整个改性过程涉及的原材料众多、工艺流程繁琐,给工业化带来困难,且制备的片材和复合材料阻燃性能差。
现有技术中关于阻燃型乙烯基树脂片材及其纤维增强复合材料的制备手段较少,仅可查到2篇相关专利,一篇是CN201310507654.9,通过在含有乙烯基树脂的片材配方中添加大量无机阻燃填料的技术手段,来提高纤维增强复合材料产品的阻燃性。这种技术的无反应活性的阻燃剂添加量太大,会严重影响力学性能;另一篇是CN201810610118.4,通过使用溴化乙烯基树脂同无机阻燃填料相结合的方式来制备阻燃型纤维增强复合材料。该技术使用的溴化乙烯基树脂价格昂贵,极大增加了产品成本,且采用卤素阻燃,燃烧时会放出大量有毒气体,环保性差。
发明内容
发明目的:提供一种阻燃型片状模塑料、其制备方法、由其压制的阻燃纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法,以解决普通乙烯基树脂在片材及纤维增强复合材料制备中的增稠及阻燃问题。
技术方案:本发明提供一种阻燃型片状模塑料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、磷酸单烷基酯对单环氧基化合物的开环反应
将1mol的磷酸单烷基酯加入到陶瓷反应釜内,加入摩尔数为1~2mol的含有单环氧结构的化合物,于环境温度下反应0.5~2h;
步骤二、双键和羧基功能基团的引入
继续加入摩尔数为1~2mol不饱和环状羧酸酐,并升温至90~120℃,继续反应0.5~5小时,完成羟基的羧基化反应,制得含有磷和双键的多羧基化合物;
步骤三、乙烯基SMC树脂的制备
将步骤二制备的多羧基化合物同乙烯基树脂按照预定的比例混合,制备出乙烯基SMC树脂;以重量份数计,其组分如下:
步骤四、片状模塑料的制备
按照如下配方及重量份数进行和片材制备,
树脂部分:
纤维部分:
增强纤维 70-120份
将按上述配方配制的树脂投入搅拌设备,搅拌均匀制得树脂糊,将树脂糊与增强纤维在片材机组上进行浸渍,再经过压紧、揉捏工序制成片材。
作为一个优选方案,所述磷酸单烷基酯结构如下:
其中,R为C1-C18的烷基链。
作为一个优选方案,所述单环氧结构的化合物为丁基缩水甘油醚、苯基缩水甘油醚、环氧氯丙烷、丙烯基缩水甘油醚中的一种。
作为一个优选方案,所述不饱和环状羧酸酐为马来酸酐。
作为一个优选方案,,所述含磷和双键的多羧基化合物结构通式如下:
作为一个优选方案,所述乙烯基树脂为环氧乙烯基树脂或聚氨酯乙烯基树脂中的一种。
作为一个优选方案,所述的抗收缩剂至包括聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯和聚醋酸乙烯酯中的一种。
作为一个优选方案,所述的阻聚剂至少包括对苯二酚、氢醌、甲基氢醌、邻甲基对苯二酚、对羟基苯甲醚中的一种。
作为一个优选方案,所述的引发剂至少包括过氧化苯甲酸特丁酯、过氧化二异丙苯、叔丁基过氧化异丙苯,过氧化二叔丁基酯、过氧化乙酸叔丁酯中的一种。
作为一个优选方案,所述的脱模剂为硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸镁中的一种。
作为一个优选方案,所述的增稠剂为氧化镁、氢氧化镁、氧化钙和氢氧化钙中的一种。
作为一个优选方案,所述的填料为碳酸钙、氢氧化铝和玻璃微珠中的一种。
作为一个优选方案,所述的增强纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维和芳纶纤维中的一种。
作为一个优选方案,所述的增强纤维长度为0.5-6cm。
本发明还提供一种上述的阻燃型片状模塑料的制备方法得到片材。
本发明还提供一种阻燃纤维增强复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、磷酸单烷基酯对单环氧基化合物的开环反应
将1mol的磷酸单烷基酯加入到陶瓷反应釜内,加入摩尔数为1~2mol的含有单环氧结构的化合物,于环境温度下反应0.5~2h;
步骤二、双键和羧基功能基团的引入
继续加入摩尔数为1~2mol不饱和环状羧酸酐,并升温至90~120℃,继续反应0.5~5小时,完成羟基的羧基化反应,制得含有磷和双键的多羧基化合物;
步骤三、乙烯基SMC树脂的制备
将步骤二制备的多羧基化合物同乙烯基树脂按照预定的比例混合,制备出乙烯基SMC树脂;以重量份数计,其组分如下:
步骤四、片状模塑料的制备
按照如下配方及重量份数进行和片材制备,
树脂部分:
纤维部分:
增强纤维 70-120份
将按上述配方配制的树脂投入搅拌设备,搅拌均匀制得树脂糊,将树脂糊与增强纤维在片材机组上进行浸渍,再经过压紧、揉捏工序制成片材;
步骤五、固化、脱模
将步骤四制备的片材放置于熟化室40~60℃保温18~24小时或常温1周,取出置于模压设备上进行高温压制3~5分钟,利用高温先使片状模塑料熔化、流动并充满模腔,而后其中的双键在引发剂的作用下交联固化成固体并脱模。
本发明还提供一种基于上述阻燃纤维增强复合材料的制备方法得到复合材料。
有益效果:本发明涉及一种阻燃型片状模塑料、其制备方法、由其压制的阻燃纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法,通过在乙烯基树脂添加一种含磷、双键的多羧基化合物,将其添加至乙烯基树脂中,一方面可提高树脂固化物的阻燃性能,一方面利用羧基同氧化镁的增稠反应使得乙烯基树脂完全适用于传统的增稠技术,获得由兼具阻燃和增稠功能的乙烯基树脂片材,并采用模压工艺将其制备成复合材料。该发明仅添加一种化合物就既可使普通乙烯基树脂适用传统的片材增稠工艺,又可明显提高乙烯基树脂片材及纤维增强复合材料产品的阻燃性。
具体实施方式
在下文的描述中,给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本发明更为彻底的理解。然而,对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,本发明可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他的例子中,为了避免与本发明发生混淆,对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
一方面,为拓展乙烯基树脂的应用领域,提高乙烯基树脂的粘度,现有技术主要通过如下手段:(1)对环氧乙烯基树脂进行化学改性,利用环氧乙烯基树脂分子链上的少量羟基进行酸酐酯化反应,生成羧酸基团;(2)在树脂中添加异氰酸酯和醇类物质,利用异氰酸酯基团和羟基的反应实现分子量的快速增大从而达到增稠的目的。
另一方面,为了提高SMC工艺制备阻燃型复合材料阻燃性能,主要通过在树脂配方中添加无机填料来提高复合材料的阻燃性能,但是无机阻燃填料添加量达到一定数量会对复合材料力学性能产生明显影响。
本发明主要是通过制备一种含磷、双键的多羧基化合物,将其添加至乙烯基树脂中,一方面可提高树脂固化物的阻燃性能,一方面利用羧基同氧化镁的增稠反应使得乙烯基树脂完全适用于传统的增稠技术,解决困扰行业的乙烯基树脂增稠问题。具体合成工艺如下:将摩尔数为m的磷酸单烷基酯加入到陶瓷反应釜内,加入摩尔数为2m的含有单环氧结构的化合物,于环境温度下反应0.5h,完成磷酸单烷基酯对环氧的开环反应,继续加入摩尔数为2m不饱和环状羧酸酐,并升温至90~120℃,继续反应0.5~5小时,完成羟基的羧基化反应,制得含有磷和双键的多羧基化合物。所述单环氧结构的化合物为丁基缩水甘油醚、苯基缩水甘油醚、环氧氯丙烷、丙烯基缩水甘油醚中的一种。所述不饱和环状羧酸酐为马来酸酐。其具体结构如下:
基于上述阻燃剂,本发明将上述阻燃剂应用于阻燃纤维增强复合材料的制备,包括如下组分:
步骤一、磷酸单烷基酯对单环氧基化合物的开环反应
将1mol的磷酸单烷基酯加入到陶瓷反应釜内,加入摩尔数为1~2mol的含有单环氧结构的化合物,于环境温度下反应0.5~2h;
步骤二、双键和羧基功能基团的引入
继续加入摩尔数为1~2mol不饱和环状羧酸酐,并升温至90~120℃,继续反应0.5~5小时,完成羟基的羧基化反应,制得含有磷和双键的多羧基化合物;
步骤三、乙烯基SMC树脂的制备
将步骤二制备的多羧基化合物同乙烯基树脂按照预定的比例混合,制备出乙烯基SMC树脂;以重量份数计,其组分如下:
步骤四、片状模塑料的制备
按照如下配方及重量份数进行和片材制备,
树脂部分:
纤维部分:
增强纤维 70-120份
将按上述配方配制的树脂投入搅拌设备,搅拌均匀制得树脂糊,将树脂糊与增强纤维在片材机组上进行浸渍,再经过压紧、揉捏工序制成片材;
步骤五、固化、脱模
将步骤四制备的片材放置于熟化室40~60℃保温18~24小时或常温1周,取出置于模压设备上进行高温压制3~5分钟,利用高温先使片状模塑料熔化、流动并充满模腔,而后其中的双键在引发剂的作用下交联固化成固体并脱模。
所述乙烯基树脂为含有不饱和双键的线性低聚物,具体举例为环氧乙烯基树脂或聚氨酯乙烯基树脂中的一种。一方面,乙烯基树脂长链分子上的双键可与含有双键单体分子的反应型阻燃剂在引发剂的条件下进行自由基团聚合反应,从而形成较为复杂的三维网状结构;所述引发剂为过氧化苯甲酸特丁酯、过氧化二异丙苯、叔丁基过氧化异丙苯,过氧化二叔丁基酯、过氧化乙酸叔丁酯中的一种;另一方面,利用所述反应型阻燃剂上的羧基同增稠剂的增稠反应,实现对乙烯基树脂增稠;所述增稠剂为氧化镁、氢氧化镁、氧化钙、氢氧化钙中的一种。由于所述阻燃剂可通过化学键连接在树脂固化后的聚合物交联三维网状结构内,因此可添加量较传统添加型阻燃剂有明显增多,有利于同时保证树脂固化物的阻燃性能和力学性能。由于树脂固化物阻燃性优异,使得片材配方可以增大纤维含量、降低无机填料含量,进而使得最终复合材料产品性能较传统SMC产品有明显提升。
在进一步研究过程中发现,当引发剂的浓度越高,单位时间内引发剂产生的初始自由基就越多,初始自由基增多可以加快乙烯基树脂与阻燃剂的自由基反应,而自由基团聚合反应都是放热反应,会使体系的温度升高,进而再次加快反应速率;但是乙烯基树脂体系双键含量是有限的,因此其反应速率不可能无限增加,因此,当引发剂含量再超过一定阈值后,对其降低不饱和树脂的凝胶时间的趋势也不在明显。另一方面,随着引发剂初始含量的增加,乙烯基树脂的粘度逐渐增大,乙烯基树脂成品的拉伸强度也逐渐增加,而引发剂含量大于3重量份后,不饱和树脂的固化程度较高,但是固化交联网络结构中小分子单体含量较少,从而不饱和树脂成品表现出极大的脆性,使得其拉伸强度大幅度降低。因此综合固化速率、经济成本和成品树脂的力学性能等因素,优选的,所述引发剂的范围1.5~3重量份。
相比于现有技术,本发明解决了如下问题:(1)使用传统技术和原料解决了乙烯基树脂增稠难的问题,实现了乙烯基树脂在SMC技术上的应用;(2)不同于以往只能大量添加无机填料的技术手段,本发明提供了一种可同时提高乙烯基树脂固化物和SMC产品力学性能、阻燃性能的技术途径;(3)阻燃剂生产工艺简便温和,原材料来源广泛、价格低廉,生产时无需任何额外设备辅助,也无任何副产物及“工业三废”产出。仅添加一种化合物就既可使普通乙烯基树脂适用传统的片材增稠工艺,又可明显提高乙烯基树脂片材及纤维增强复合材料产品的阻燃性。
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步说明,所述的实施例的示例旨在解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术和反应条件者,可按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或产品说明书进行。凡未注明厂商的试剂、仪器或设备,均可通过市售获得。
实施例1
第一步:磷酸单烷基酯对单环氧基化合物的开环反应
将10mol磷酸单甲酯(R为-CH3)和20mol丁基缩水甘油醚加入到陶瓷釜中,在环境温度下搅拌0.5h。
第二步:双键和羧基功能基团的引入
向第一步陶瓷釜中继续加入20mol马来酸酐,升温至90℃,搅拌5h,得到含有磷和双键的多羧基化合物(R1为C4H9O-),该化合物分子量为536g/mol,磷含量为5.78%。
第三步:将第一步和第二步制备的化合物同市售环氧乙烯基树脂(上海华昌公司,MFE-711)按照2:8的重量比进行混合,制备乙烯基SMC树脂。
第四步:按照如下配方及重量份数进行片材制备:
将按上述配方配制的树脂投入搅拌设备,搅拌均匀制得树脂糊,将树脂糊与长度为0.5cm的增强纤维在片材机组上进行浸渍,再经过压紧、揉捏工序制成片材。
第五步:将步骤四制备的片材放置于熟化室60℃保温18小时,取出置于模压设备上进行高温压制5分钟,利用高温先使片状模塑料熔化、流动并充满模腔,而后其中的双键在引发剂的作用下交联固化成固体并脱模。
实施例2
第一步:磷酸单烷基酯对单环氧基化合物的开环反应
将10mol磷酸单丁酯(R为-C4H9)和20mol环氧氯丙烷加入到陶瓷釜中,在环境温度下搅拌0.5h。
第二步:双键和羧基功能基团的引入
向第一步陶瓷釜中继续加入20mol马来酸酐,升温至120℃,搅拌0.5h,
得到含有磷和双键的多羧基化合物(R1为CH2Cl-),该化合物分子量为530g/mol,磷含量为5.85%。
第三步:将第一步和第二步制备的化合物同市售聚氨酯乙烯基树脂(南通玛泰科公司,Ureplu-1119)按照4:8的重量比进行混合,制备乙烯基SMC树脂。
第四步:按照如下配方及重量份数进行片材制备:
将按上述配方配制的树脂投入搅拌设备,搅拌均匀制得树脂糊,将树脂糊与长度为6cm的增强纤维在片材机组上进行浸渍,再经过压紧、揉捏工序制成片材。
第五步:将步骤四制备的片材放置于熟化室40℃保温24小时,取出置于模压设备上进行高温压制3分钟,利用高温先使片状模塑料熔化、流动并充满模腔,而后其中的双键在引发剂的作用下交联固化成固体并脱模。
实施例3
第一步:磷酸单烷基酯对单环氧基化合物的开环反应
将10mol磷酸单十八酯(R为-C18H37)和20mol丙烯基缩水甘油醚加入到陶瓷釜中,在环境温度下搅拌0.5h。
第二步:双键和羧基功能基团的引入
第三步:将第一步和第二步制备的化合物同市售聚氨酯乙烯基树脂(南通玛泰科公司,Ureplu-1119)按照8:8的重量比进行混合,制备乙烯基SMC树脂。
第四步:按照如下配方及重量份数进行片材制备:
将按上述配方配制的树脂投入搅拌设备,搅拌均匀制得树脂糊,将树脂糊与长度为3cm的增强纤维在片材机组上进行浸渍,再经过压紧、揉捏工序制成片材。
第五步:将步骤四制备的片材放置于熟化室50℃保温20小时,取出置于模压设备上进行高温压制4分钟,利用高温先使片状模塑料熔化、流动并充满模腔,而后其中的双键在引发剂的作用下交联固化成固体并脱模。
实施例4
第一步:磷酸单烷基酯对单环氧基化合物的开环反应
将10mol磷酸单十二酯(R为-C12H25)和20mol苯基缩水甘油醚加入到陶瓷釜中,在环境温度下搅拌0.5h。
第二步:双键和羧基功能基团的引入
第三步:将第一步和第二步制备的化合物同市售环氧乙烯基树脂(常州方鑫公司,FX-437)按照6:8的重量比进行混合,制备乙烯基SMC树脂。
第四步:按照如下配方及重量份数进行片材制备:
将按上述配方配制的树脂投入搅拌设备,搅拌均匀制得树脂糊,将树脂糊与长度为4.5cm的增强纤维在片材机组上进行浸渍,再经过压紧、揉捏工序制成片材。
第五步:将步骤四制备的片材放置于常温熟化一周,取出置于模压设备上进行高温压制5分钟,利用高温先使片状模塑料熔化、流动并充满模腔,而后其中的双键在引发剂的作用下交联固化成固体并脱模。
对比例1-4
分别采用实施例1-4的乙烯基树脂,重量份数为实施例1-4片材制备配方中的树脂分数,来制备对比例1-4的片材(不添加本发明自行合成的含磷、双键的多羧基化合物),考察实施例和对比例片材的增稠性。
对比例5-8
采用市售用于模压和SMC工艺的乙烯基树脂作为基体树脂,分别采用同实施例1-4对应相同的片材制造配方(不添加本发明自行合成的含磷、双键的多羧基化合物,其余配比相同)、模压工艺参数等制造片材并压制成复合材料成品进行性能测试。
检测例
将上述实施例和对比例中的得到树脂进行力学测试和阻燃测试,其中,阻燃测试标准参照:UL94:2011V0,V1,V2;力学性能测试标准:测试标准:GB/T 13096。
片材增稠性对比如下:
从上表可以看出,普通乙烯基树脂不具备增稠特性,而添加了本发明自行合成的含磷、双键的多羧基化合物具有适用于工业应用的增稠效果。
表2复合材料力学和阻燃性能测试对比
从上表可以看出,实施例样品同对比例相比,力学性能无差异,但阻燃性能可提升一个等级。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
Claims (10)
1.一种阻燃型片状模塑料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、磷酸单烷基酯对单环氧基化合物的开环反应
将1mol的磷酸单烷基酯加入到陶瓷反应釜内,加入摩尔数为1~2mol的含有单环氧结构的化合物,于环境温度下反应0.5~2h;
步骤二、双键和羧基功能基团的引入
继续加入摩尔数为1~2mol不饱和环状羧酸酐,并升温至90~120℃,继续反应0.5~5小时,完成羟基的羧基化反应,制得含有磷和双键的多羧基化合物;
步骤三、乙烯基SMC树脂的制备
将步骤二制备的多羧基化合物同乙烯基树脂按照预定的比例混合,制备出乙烯基SMC树脂;以重量份数计,其组分如下:
步骤四、片状模塑料的制备
按照如下配方及重量份数进行和片材制备,
树脂部分:
步骤三中制备的乙烯基SMC树脂 60-70份
抗收缩剂 20-40份
阻聚剂 0.1-0.3份
引发剂 1.5-3份
脱模剂 5-10份
增稠剂 3-5份
填料 20-70份
纤维部分:
增强纤维 70-120份
将按上述配方配制的树脂投入搅拌设备,搅拌均匀制得树脂糊,将树脂糊与增强纤维在片材机组上进行浸渍,再经过压紧、揉捏工序制成片材。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃型片状模塑料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述单环氧结构的化合物为丁基缩水甘油醚、苯基缩水甘油醚、环氧氯丙烷、丙烯基缩水甘油醚中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃型片状模塑料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述不饱和环状羧酸酐为马来酸酐。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃型片状模塑料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述乙烯基树脂为环氧乙烯基树脂或聚氨酯乙烯基树脂中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃型片状模塑料的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述的抗收缩剂至少包括聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯和聚醋酸乙烯酯中的一种;
所述的阻聚剂至少包括对苯二酚、氢醌、甲基氢醌、邻甲基对苯二酚、对羟基苯甲醚中的一种;
所述的引发剂至少包括过氧化苯甲酸特丁酯、过氧化二异丙苯、叔丁基过氧化异丙苯,过氧化二叔丁基酯、过氧化乙酸叔丁酯中的一种;
所述的脱模剂至少包括硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸镁中的一种;
所述的增稠剂至少包括氧化镁、氢氧化镁、氧化钙和氢氧化钙中的一种;
所述的填料至少包括碳酸钙、氢氧化铝和玻璃微珠中的一种;
所述的增强纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维和芳纶纤维中的一种;
所述的增强纤维长度为0.5-6cm。
8.一种基于权利要求1~7中任一项所述的阻燃型片状模塑料的制备方法得到片材。
9.一种阻燃纤维增强复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、磷酸单烷基酯对单环氧基化合物的开环反应
将1mol的磷酸单烷基酯加入到陶瓷反应釜内,加入摩尔数为1~2mol的含有单环氧结构的化合物,于环境温度下反应0.5~2h;
步骤二、双键和羧基功能基团的引入
继续加入摩尔数为1~2mol不饱和环状羧酸酐,并升温至90~120℃,继续反应0.5~5小时,完成羟基的羧基化反应,制得含有磷和双键的多羧基化合物;
步骤三、乙烯基SMC树脂的制备
将步骤二制备的多羧基化合物同乙烯基树脂按照预定的比例混合,制备出乙烯基SMC树脂;以重量份数计,其组分如下:
步骤四、片状模塑料的制备
按照如下配方及重量份数进行和片材制备,
树脂部分:
步骤三中制备的乙烯基SMC树脂 60-70份
抗收缩剂 20-40份
阻聚剂 0.1-0.3份
引发剂 1.5-3份
脱模剂 5-10份
增稠剂 3-5份
填料 20-70份
纤维部分:
增强纤维 70-120份
将按上述配方配制的树脂投入搅拌设备,搅拌均匀制得树脂糊,将树脂糊与增强纤维在片材机组上进行浸渍,再经过压紧、揉捏工序制成片材;
步骤五、固化、脱模
将步骤四制备的片材放置于熟化室40~60℃保温18~24小时或常温1周,取出置于模压设备上进行高温压制3~5分钟,利用高温先使片状模塑料熔化、流动并充满模腔,而后其中的双键在引发剂的作用下交联固化成固体并脱模。
10.一种基于权利要求9所述的阻燃纤维增强复合材料的制备方法得到复合材料。
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CN109651595A (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-19 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 一种无卤阻燃生物基环氧树脂前驱体及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN113462183A (zh) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-10-01 | 句容市久诺复合材料有限公司 | 一种高阻燃、低密度的smc复合材料 |
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