CN111517892A - Method for analyzing characteristics of soil aggregate composition structure by using biochar - Google Patents
Method for analyzing characteristics of soil aggregate composition structure by using biochar Download PDFInfo
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feature analysis method of soil aggregate composition structure by biochar, wherein the turf is a product in a marsh development process, is formed in the quaternary stage, and is formed by incomplete decomposition and accumulation of residues of marsh plants under the anaerobic condition of watery land. The invention has various soil types in China, large difference of the composition, structural property and the like of representative soil particles in different areas, and different soil stability. At present, China has little research on various indexes of aeolian sandy soil improved by biochar, so that the method aims to research by adopting a positioning method on the aeolian sandy soil in the western Liaoning, explore the effect difference of grass carbon, charcoal and straw carbon on the improvement of the physical structure of the aeolian sandy soil and the stability of soil aggregate by a comparative analysis method, explore the best effect of the addition amount of the biochar on the improvement of the stability of the aeolian sandy soil aggregate by a variable control method, contribute to providing a certain scientific basis for the improvement of the aeolian sandy soil in the western Liaoning in future and increase a selectable mode for improving the agricultural productivity level in the northern Liaoning of the western Liaoning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field, in particular to a method for analyzing characteristics of a soil aggregate composition structure by using biochar.
Background
A large area of farmland in the world is attacked by flowing sandy soil, and the range of the sandy soil is enlarged year by year. The data of the food and agriculture organization of the united nations show that from 1970 to the present, about 5 to 7 ten thousand square kilometers of land is gradually desertified every year. According to investigation, China has large-area land suffered from wind erosion every year, desertification causes the reduction of the large-area forest land and grassland area in China, meanwhile, the desertification also causes the degradation of cultivated land, increases the planting difficulty on the cultivated land, further influences the quality and yield of crops, causes the gradual failure of the productivity of the land, seriously influences the production capacity of the land, and also has serious impact on the life and production of human beings. The northwest Liaoning area is located at the south edge of the Colqin sand, which is the front line for wind prevention and sand fixation. The climate is temperate zone monsoon climate, and is characterized by drought and windy, hot and rainy summer, cold and dry winter, and affected by monsoon, and 60-65% of the precipitation is concentrated in summer. The annual average temperature is 7.2-8.3 ℃, and the annual average precipitation is about 450-700 mm. The landform type is a transition zone of a northeast plain and an inner Mongolia plateau, belongs to a farming and pasturing staggered zone, is a severe development area of land desertification in China, is very fragile in ecological environment and has typical regional representativeness. The soil type of the region is aeolian sandy soil, the rainfall is less, the evapotranspiration amount is large, the aeolian sandy soil is strong in activity, the soil layer is thin and sandy [1-2], the soil is barren, the sand content is high, and the soil is loose and easy to flow. The aeolian sandy soil is loose in structure and greatly influenced by water erosion. The river is mainly Liaohe, Liuhe, Wenyang river, Xiushui river and the like.
The research shows that: soil aggregates are both the result of various physical, chemical and biological actions in the soil and the foundation formed by the soil structure, affecting various physicochemical properties of the soil [3 ]. The stability of soil aggregate directly influences the water and soil interface behavior of the soil surface layer, and is particularly closely related to rainfall infiltration and soil erosion. The characteristics of porosity and water stability can influence factors such as water, fertilizer, gas and heat of soil. In the 70 s of the 20 th century, due to the appearance of high-resolution observation instruments such as a scanning electron microscope and the like and the application thereof in the soil science, the research on the soil micro-aggregates develops towards the micro direction, so that the properties, the content and the distribution of the micro-aggregates of various particle sizes can be distinguished, and the forms of various microstructures formed by different arrangements of clay sheets and the influence of the microstructures on the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be identified. By applying the data of the micro-aggregate composition and the mechanical composition, the intrinsic relation between the micro-aggregate composition and the mechanical composition can be judged, and physical parameters such as soil structure coefficient, dispersion coefficient, aggregation degree and the like can be calculated. The content and distribution of the soil micro-aggregates have important influence on a series of physical properties of the soil. The determination of the soil micro-aggregates is helpful for understanding the structural performance and the dispersion strength of the micro-aggregates formed by the primary particles in the soil in the soaking state, and the dispersion coefficient and the structural coefficient of the soil available nutrients can be calculated according to the determination result of the effective micro-aggregates in the soil and the content of the part smaller than 0.001mm in the soil particle result. The higher the dispersion coefficient is, the lower the water stability of the soil microstructure is, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity is greatly influenced. Therefore, the quality of the soil aggregate in agricultural production not only can influence the quality of soil properties, but also has great influence on the quality of natural environment, so that the related research on the improvement of the soil aggregate has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a method for analyzing the characteristics of a soil aggregate composition structure by using biochar.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the biochar mainly comprises carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and the like, wherein the carbon content is more than 60%, and potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, silicon and the like are used as the secondary elements; the main substance composition is alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, and has biochemical stability and thermal stability. The physical and chemical properties of the biochar, such as structure, specific surface area and the like, are influenced by raw materials and technical processes and have great relation with pyrolysis environment and the like. The research of biomass pyrolysis by scholars shows that the specific surface area and the pore diameter are increased along with the increase of temperature, the surface area is increased, and the aromatization degree of the biochar is deepened, so that the biochar has stronger adsorption capacity. Therefore, the biochar not only can be used as a soil active conditioner to increase the soil adsorption performance, retain water and fertilizer, promote the growth of crops, but also can promote the carbon storage function of soil [. Researches show that after the biochar is applied to soil, the volume weight and the water-holding and air-permeable capacity of the soil can be effectively improved, and the crop yield is improved. The biochar is used as a modifier, and is an agricultural mode. Relevant researches show that the biochar can improve the organic carbon content level of soil; compared with soil, the biological carbon has low volume weight and poor viscosity, so that the volume weight of the clay soil can be reduced, and the soil texture and the farming performance can be improved.
In a preferred embodiment: the peat is a product in the development process of swamps, is formed in the quaternary period, and is formed by incomplete decomposition and accumulation of residues of swamp plants under the anaerobic condition of watery water. It contains a large amount of water and plant residues, humus and a part of minerals that are not completely decomposed. Peat is coal having the lowest degree of coalification (the most primitive state of coal), and is an organic substance. The peat is a good raw material of compound fertilizer, and is called as "peat". The turf has strong drainage function and longer fertilizer efficiency, can promote the growth of underground root systems, and achieves the effect of color correction and plant strengthening.
In a preferred embodiment: the turf has a basic improvement effect on a soil planting layer and greatly helps the growth, nursing and maintenance of a later lawn. In the seedling raising process of flowers and vegetables, turf can be adopted as a medium material to raise seedlings for a matrix structure, so that the germination rate of seeds can be greatly improved, and the development quality and survival rate of the seedlings can be improved. The turf is a main additive raw material of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and is also an indispensable main raw material for producing high-quality flower nutrient soil, seedling bed soil, industrial seedling (soilless culture), outlet pot flower foundation soil and the like, and various biological bacterial fertilizers and high-efficiency organic and inorganic compound fertilizers produced by the turf are pollution-free green fertilizers because the turf has the advantages of long-acting effect, no pollution, no residue and the like, and the turf is an ideal fertilizer for intensively popularizing and constructing a green ecological agricultural environment in China at present. In the aspect of improving soil, no matter soil for planting flowers, grass or planting other crops, if the soil is hardened and hardened, the soil can be recovered and the water holding capacity, the ventilation capacity and the fertilizer holding capacity of the soil can be improved by only adding a proper amount of the turf, and the nutrient content can be increased, so that the product quality is improved, and higher economic benefit is achieved.
In a preferred embodiment: the charcoal is a dark brown or black porous solid fuel residue that is formed by incomplete combustion or non-pyrolysis into the air. The charcoal has the function of improving the ground temperature, and after the charcoal is added into the soil, the temperature of the soil can be raised by a few degrees centigrade because the black charcoal particles absorb solar heat energy, so that the seed germination is promoted, particularly the germination of seeds which are difficult to germinate can be promoted, and the germination rate is improved. The charcoal can also improve the soil quality, after the charcoal is added into the soil, root granules can be generated on the surface layer of the charcoal, so that the soil suitable for plant cultivation is formed, continuous cultivation obstacles are avoided in agriculture, the growth and development of grains, vegetables and vegetables are promoted, the charcoal can also remarkably promote water and soil conservation, the charcoal can quickly absorb about 20 percent of water under the relative humidity of more than 50 percent, the soil water is preserved by improving the air permeability of plants and the water drainage of the soil, and a good space is provided for the survival of plants and microorganisms. The charcoal has strong adsorbability, so the charcoal can be used as a slow release agent of pesticide or fertilizer, can keep the pesticide or fertilizer in a balanced state, and can ensure that the phenomenon of water and soil loss caused by rainfall and other factors is not easy to occur in a long time.
In a preferred embodiment: the charcoal is a dark brown or black porous solid fuel residue that is formed by incomplete combustion or non-pyrolysis into the air. The charcoal has the function of improving the ground temperature, and after the charcoal is added into the soil, the temperature of the soil can be raised by a few degrees centigrade because the black charcoal particles absorb solar heat energy, so that the seed germination is promoted, particularly the germination of seeds which are difficult to germinate can be promoted, and the germination rate is improved. The charcoal can also improve the soil quality, after the charcoal is added into the soil, root granules can be generated on the surface layer of the charcoal, so that the soil suitable for plant cultivation is formed, continuous cultivation obstacles are avoided in agriculture, the growth and development of grains, vegetables and vegetables are promoted, the charcoal can also remarkably promote water and soil conservation, the charcoal can quickly absorb about 20 percent of water under the relative humidity of more than 50 percent, the soil water is preserved by improving the air permeability of plants and the water drainage of the soil, and a good space is provided for the survival of plants and microorganisms. The charcoal has strong adsorbability, so the charcoal can be used as a slow release agent of pesticide or fertilizer, can keep the pesticide or fertilizer in a balanced state, and can ensure that the phenomenon of water and soil loss caused by rainfall and other factors is not easy to occur in a long time.
In a preferred embodiment: the process of agricultural production is also a process of energy conversion. The crops need to consume energy continuously in the growth process, and also need to supplement energy continuously, and continuously adjust the content of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil. The straws contain a large amount of fresh organic materials, and after returning to farmlands, the fresh organic materials can be converted into organic matters and quick-acting nutrients through decomposition for a period of time. Not only can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, but also can supply certain nutrients such as potassium and the like. The straw returning can promote agriculture to save water, save cost, increase yield and increase efficiency, so that the straw returning method is fully paid attention to environmental protection and agricultural sustainable development. The straw returning field supplements soil nutrients, and the crop straws contain certain nutrients and elements such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and ash, have more organic matters and nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. If the straw is transported away from the field, the organic matter remained in the soil is only about 10 percent, which causes the soil fertility to be reduced. Then, the fertilizer can be supplemented only by fertilizing or returning the straws to the field; the straw returning promotes the activity of microorganisms, and soil microorganisms have important functions of decomposing soil organic matters and purifying soil in the whole agricultural ecological system. The synthesis of organic substances is completed by plant chlorophyll, and the decomposition of organic substances is completed by microorganisms. A large amount of energy substances are added to soil microorganisms by returning the straws to the field, and the number of various microorganisms and the enzyme activity are correspondingly increased; the application of straw returning can increase microorganisms by 18.9%, the activity of catalase by 33%, the activity of convertase by 47% and the activity of urease by 17%. The process of agricultural production is also a process of energy conversion. The crops need to consume energy continuously in the growth process, and also need to supplement energy continuously, and continuously adjust the content of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil. The straws contain a large amount of fresh organic materials, and after returning to farmlands, the fresh organic materials can be converted into organic matters and quick-acting nutrients through decomposition for a period of time. Not only can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, but also can supply certain nutrients such as potassium and the like. The straw returning can promote agriculture to save water, save cost, increase yield and increase efficiency, so that the straw returning method is fully paid attention to environmental protection and agricultural sustainable development. The straw returning field supplements soil nutrients, and the crop straws contain certain nutrients and elements such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and ash, have more organic matters and nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. If the straw is transported away from the field, the organic matter remained in the soil is only about 10 percent, which causes the soil fertility to be reduced. Then, the fertilizer can be supplemented only by fertilizing or returning the straws to the field; the straw returning promotes the activity of microorganisms, and soil microorganisms have important functions of decomposing soil organic matters and purifying soil in the whole agricultural ecological system. The synthesis of organic substances is completed by plant chlorophyll, and the decomposition of organic substances is completed by microorganisms. A large amount of energy substances are added to soil microorganisms by returning the straws to the field, and the number of various microorganisms and the enzyme activity are correspondingly increased; the application of straw returning can increase microorganisms by 18.9%, the activity of catalase by 33%, the activity of convertase by 47% and the activity of urease by 17%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has various soil types in China, large difference of the composition, structural property and the like of representative soil particles in different areas, and different soil stability. At present, China has little research on various indexes of aeolian sandy soil improved by biochar, so that the method aims to research by adopting a positioning method on the aeolian sandy soil in the western Liaoning, explore the effect difference of grass carbon, charcoal and straw carbon on the improvement of the physical structure of the aeolian sandy soil and the stability of soil aggregate by a comparative analysis method, explore the best effect of the addition amount of the biochar on the improvement of the stability of the aeolian sandy soil aggregate by a variable control method, contribute to providing a certain scientific basis for the improvement of the aeolian sandy soil in the western Liaoning in future and increase a selectable mode for improving the agricultural productivity level in the northern Liaoning of the western Liaoning.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a technical route diagram of a method for analyzing characteristics of soil aggregate composition structure by using biochar provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the working principle and the process of the invention are as follows:
after the biochar is applied, the water content and the porosity of the sample plot soil are improved to different degrees along with the increase of time compared with the original soil, and the effect ratio of applying the straw carbon to the improvement of the water content and the porosity of the sample plot soil is improvedThe charcoal application effect is good, and the turf application effect is the worst. After the soil is improved, the water content of the soil is more than 18.11 percent, the soil is improved by 11.81 percent compared with the original soil, and the porosity of the soil claim is more than 45.2 percent and is improved by 7.5 percent compared with the original soil. The volume weight of soil in a sample plot is reduced to different degrees compared with that of the original soil, the effect of applying the straw charcoal to the reduction of the volume weight of the soil is better than that of applying the charcoal, and the effect of applying the grass charcoal is the worst. After being improved, the volume weight of the soil is reduced to 1.32g/cm3The soil is reduced by 0.13 g/cm compared with the original soil3. Therefore, the physical properties of the aeolian sandy soil can be obviously improved by applying the straw carbon. After the biochar is applied, the blending degree of the biochar and soil is higher and higher along with the increase of time, the soil aggregate damage rate (PAD) is in a descending trend, all three types of biochar can reduce the soil aggregate damage rate, the effect of applying the straw carbon is the best of the three types of biochar, the next type of charcoal is the worst, and the grass carbon is the worst. After the improvement, the destruction rate of soil aggregates is reduced to 9.5 percent, which is reduced by 1.7 percent compared with the original soil. It can be seen that the long-term application of biochar can reduce the aggregate failure rate of the aeolian sandy soil, but the effect is not significant. After the biochar is applied, the blending degree of the biochar and soil is higher and higher along with the increase of time, the average weight diameter (MWD) and the Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates like the three biochar are gradually increased, and the effect of applying the straw carbon is the best among the three biochar, the second charcoal and the worst turf. After the soil aggregate is improved, the average weight diameter of the soil aggregate is increased to 2.29mm, which is increased by 0.54mm compared with the original soil, and the geometric average diameter of the soil aggregate is increased to 1.14mm, which is increased by 0.36mm compared with the original soil. Therefore, the effect of improving the average weight diameter and the geometric average diameter of the soil aggregate is obvious by applying the biochar for a long time. After the biochar is applied, the fractal dimension of the soil gradually decreases along with the increase of time, and the fractal dimension of the soil decreases to 2.39 in the harvest period of 2018, which is 0.25 less than that of the original soil in the sowing period of 2017. It can be seen that the application of biochar can loosen the structural properties of soil and has better permeability. After the biochar is applied, the soil stability is greatly improved along with the increase of time, and the effect of applying the straw carbon is the best among the three biochars, the second time for the charcoal and the worst for the grass carbon. The K value of the soil erodability factor is reduced from the original K value of 0.1080 to 0.0440, and is reduced0.064. Therefore, the effect of applying the biochar on improving the anti-erosion capability of the soil is extremely obvious. The physical properties of the soil and the stability of soil aggregates are comprehensively researched, and the addition concentration is 2kg/m2The straw carbon has the best effect of improving the physical properties and soil aggregate stability of the aeolian sandy soil, and is more beneficial to improving the aeolian sandy soil.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for analyzing characteristics of soil aggregate composition structure by biochar is characterized by comprising the following steps: the biochar mainly comprises carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and the like, wherein the carbon content is more than 60%, and potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, silicon and the like are used as the secondary elements; the main substance composition is alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, and has biochemical stability and thermal stability. The physical and chemical properties of the biochar, such as structure, specific surface area and the like, are influenced by raw materials and technical processes and have great relation with pyrolysis environment and the like. The research of biomass pyrolysis by scholars shows that the specific surface area and the pore diameter are increased along with the increase of temperature, the surface area is increased, and the aromatization degree of the biochar is deepened, so that the biochar has stronger adsorption capacity. Therefore, the biochar can be used as a soil active conditioner, the soil adsorption performance is improved, water and fertilizer are preserved, the crop growth is promoted, and meanwhile, the carbon storage function of the soil can be promoted. Researches show that after the biochar is applied to soil, the volume weight and the water-holding and air-permeable capacity of the soil can be effectively improved, and the crop yield is improved. The biochar is used as a modifier, and is an agricultural mode. Relevant researches show that the biochar can improve the organic carbon content level of soil; compared with soil, the biological carbon has low volume weight and poor viscosity, so that the volume weight of the clay soil can be reduced, and the soil texture and the farming performance can be improved.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the peat is a product in the development process of swamps, is formed in the quaternary period, and is formed by incomplete decomposition and accumulation of residues of swamp plants under the anaerobic condition of watery water. It contains a large amount of water and plant residues, humus and a part of minerals that are not completely decomposed. Peat is coal having the lowest degree of coalification (the most primitive state of coal), and is an organic substance. The peat is a good raw material of compound fertilizer, and is called as "peat". The turf has strong drainage function and longer fertilizer efficiency, can promote the growth of underground root systems, and achieves the effect of color correction and plant strengthening.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the turf has a basic improvement effect on a soil planting layer and greatly helps the growth, nursing and maintenance of a later lawn. In the seedling raising process of flowers and vegetables, turf can be adopted as a medium material to raise seedlings for a matrix structure, so that the germination rate of seeds can be greatly improved, and the development quality and survival rate of the seedlings can be improved. The turf is a main additive raw material of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and is also an indispensable main raw material for producing high-quality flower nutrient soil, seedling bed soil, industrial seedling (soilless culture), outlet pot flower foundation soil and the like, and various biological bacterial fertilizers and high-efficiency organic and inorganic compound fertilizers produced by the turf are pollution-free green fertilizers because the turf has the advantages of long-acting effect, no pollution, no residue and the like, and the turf is an ideal fertilizer for intensively popularizing and constructing a green ecological agricultural environment in China at present. In the aspect of improving soil, no matter soil for planting flowers, grass or planting other crops, if the soil is hardened and hardened, the soil can be recovered and the water holding capacity, the ventilation capacity and the fertilizer holding capacity of the soil can be improved by only adding a proper amount of the turf, and the nutrient content can be increased, so that the product quality is improved, and higher economic benefit is achieved.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the charcoal is a dark brown or black porous solid fuel residue that is formed by incomplete combustion or non-pyrolysis into the air. The charcoal has the function of improving the ground temperature, and after the charcoal is added into the soil, the temperature of the soil can be raised by a few degrees centigrade because the black charcoal particles absorb solar heat energy, so that the seed germination is promoted, particularly the germination of seeds which are difficult to germinate can be promoted, and the germination rate is improved. The charcoal can also improve the soil quality, after the charcoal is added into the soil, root granules can be generated on the surface layer of the charcoal, so that the soil suitable for plant cultivation is formed, continuous cultivation obstacles are avoided in agriculture, the growth and development of grains, vegetables and vegetables are promoted, the charcoal can also remarkably promote water and soil conservation, the charcoal can quickly absorb about 20 percent of water under the relative humidity of more than 50 percent, the soil water is preserved by improving the air permeability of plants and the water drainage of the soil, and a good space is provided for the survival of plants and microorganisms. The charcoal has strong adsorbability, so the charcoal can be used as a slow release agent of pesticide or fertilizer, can keep the pesticide or fertilizer in a balanced state, and can ensure that the phenomenon of water and soil loss caused by rainfall and other factors is not easy to occur in a long time.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the straw carbonization and field returning is a mode of straw returning, the straw returning is a yield increasing measure generally regarded in the world nowadays, and the effects of increasing fertilizer and increasing yield are achieved while air pollution caused by straw burning is avoided. The research [13] shows that the straw returning can not only increase the nutrient content of the soil, but also improve the soil structure and enhance the water storage and moisture conservation capability of the soil. The straw returning can increase the porosity of the soil, reduce the volume weight of the soil and promote the activity of microorganisms and the development of crop roots. The effect of increasing the fertilizer and increasing the yield of the straw returning is obvious, and the yield can be increased by 5 to 10 percent generally. Returning straws to the field is a method for applying straws (wheat straws, corn straws, rice straws and the like) which are not suitable for being directly used as feed to soil directly or after being piled up and decomposed.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the process of agricultural production is also a process of energy conversion. The crops need to consume energy continuously in the growth process, and also need to supplement energy continuously, and continuously adjust the content of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil. The straws contain a large amount of fresh organic materials, and after returning to farmlands, the fresh organic materials can be converted into organic matters and quick-acting nutrients through decomposition for a period of time. Not only can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, but also can supply certain nutrients such as potassium and the like. The straw returning can promote agriculture to save water, save cost, increase yield and increase efficiency, so that the straw returning method is fully paid attention to environmental protection and agricultural sustainable development. The straw returning field supplements soil nutrients, and the crop straws contain certain nutrients and elements such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and ash, have more organic matters and nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like. If the straw is transported away from the field, the organic matter remained in the soil is only about 10 percent, which causes the soil fertility to be reduced. Then, the fertilizer can be supplemented only by fertilizing or returning the straws to the field; the straw returning promotes the activity of microorganisms, and soil microorganisms have important functions of decomposing soil organic matters and purifying soil in the whole agricultural ecological system. The synthesis of organic substances is completed by plant chlorophyll, and the decomposition of organic substances is completed by microorganisms. A large amount of energy substances are added to soil microorganisms by returning the straws to the field, and the number of various microorganisms and the enzyme activity are correspondingly increased; the application of straw returning can increase microorganisms by 18.9%, the activity of catalase by 33%, the activity of convertase by 47% and the activity of urease by 17%. This accelerates the decomposition of organic substances and the transformation of mineral nutrients, increases the elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the soil, and improves the effectiveness of the soil nutrients. The black colloid substances such as cellulose, lignin, polysaccharide, humic acid and the like generated after the decomposition and conversion of microorganisms have the capability of binding soil particles, form an organic and inorganic complex with clay minerals, promote the soil to form a granular structure, reduce the soil capacity, increase the coordination capability of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil, improve the water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capability of the soil and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil; the straw returning can reduce the usage amount of chemical fertilizer. The appearance of the biochar improving technology improves the physical and chemical properties of soil by providing and maintaining soil nutrient components under the interaction of various biological or non-biological factors, thereby promoting the growth of plants and increasing the absorption of C by the soil. The biochar can directly release nutrient elements to maintain agricultural sustainability, can improve the retaining capacity of soil to the nutrient elements, and further enhances the soil fertility. However, the influence of biochar on the physical properties of sandy soils, the stability of soil aggregates, and the erosion resistance of soil is less studied.
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