CN111517801A - 一种油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,将乙酸、硼酸、山梨醇混合在一起,并恒温搅拌,使硼酸和山梨醇完全溶于乙酸,得到澄清溶液;向所述澄清溶液中加入油酸,并冷却至室温,然后匀速滴入正丙醇锆,从而制得硼化锆前驱体溶胶;将所述硼化锆前驱体溶胶密封,并在恒温条件下放置一定时间,使其充分凝胶化,从而制得硼化锆前驱体凝胶;将所述硼化锆前驱体凝胶干燥,并研磨成粉末,然后放入高温管式炉中进行高温煅烧,从而制得硼化锆粉体。本发明不仅制备过程简单、反应过程易控制、生产周期短、成本低廉,而且所制备的硼化锆粉体具有较高的纯度、较细的粒径和良好的微观形貌,能够在后续成型过程中增强烧结体的力学性能和烧结驱动力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及硼化锆粉体制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法。
背景技术
随着宇航、航空、原子能等技术的发展,在超高温环境下服役的材料性能需要不断提高才能适应苛刻的使用条件。
硼化锆(ZrB2)作为超高温材料家族的一员,具有高熔点、高硬度、高抗热震性能、高电导率和高热导率等特性,因此成为火箭发动机、超声波飞机、耐火材料、核控制等极端超高温服役条件下零部件的候选材料。但是,ZrB2陶瓷材料的烧结性能受到粉末颗粒尺寸、纯度等原始粉末特性的严重制约。
目前,硼化锆粉体的制备方法主要有:固相合成法、电化学合成法、机械化学合成法、自蔓延高温燃烧合成法。但是这些制备方法一般是在比较苛刻的条件下完成,而且生产周期长,产出的硼化锆粉体的颗粒尺寸、纯度、产量无法满足科研和生产的需要。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的上述不足之处,本发明提供了一种油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,不仅制备过程简单、反应过程易控制、生产周期短、成本低廉,而且所制备的硼化锆粉体具有较高的纯度、较细的粒径和良好的微观形貌,能够在后续成型过程中增强烧结体的力学性能和烧结驱动力。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤A、将乙酸、硼酸、山梨醇混合在一起,并恒温搅拌,使硼酸和山梨醇完全溶于乙酸,从而得到澄清溶液;向所述澄清溶液中加入油酸,并冷却至室温,然后匀速滴入正丙醇锆,从而制得硼化锆前驱体溶胶;
步骤B、将步骤A所述硼化锆前驱体溶胶密封,并在恒温条件下放置一定时间,使其充分凝胶化,从而制得硼化锆前驱体凝胶;
步骤C、将步骤B所述硼化锆前驱体凝胶干燥,并研磨成粉末,然后放入高温管式炉中进行高温煅烧,从而制得硼化锆粉体。
优选地,在步骤A中,恒温搅拌的温度为20~90℃。
优选地,在步骤A中,所述油酸的用量为所述澄清溶液总体积的1~20%。
优选地,在步骤A中,正丙醇锆的滴入速率为0.5~10mL/min。
优选地,在步骤B中,将步骤A所述硼化锆前驱体溶胶密封,并在10~90℃的恒温条件下放置4~48h,使其充分凝胶化。
优选地,在步骤C中,将步骤B所述硼化锆前驱体凝胶在100~150℃下干燥4~24h。
优选地,在步骤C中,所述研磨成粉末是将干燥后的硼化锆前驱体凝胶进行球磨处理,球磨转速为50~400rpm,球磨时间为0.5~4h,从而使干燥后的硼化锆前驱体凝胶变成粉末。
优选地,在步骤C中,所述高温煅烧是以高纯氩气作为保护气,对所述高温管式炉以1~5℃/min的速率由室温升温至1000℃,然后以0.5~2℃/min的速率升温至1500~1800℃,并保温10~120min,再以0.5~2℃/min的速率降温至1000℃,之后以1~5℃/min的速率降温至300℃,最后自然降温至室温。
由上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出,本发明所提供的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法采用溶胶-凝胶法,以硼酸、山梨醇、油酸、正丙醇锆为原料在乙酸体系中形成溶胶,并以其中的油酸作为形貌控制剂,凝胶化后充分干燥并研磨成粉末,然后放入高温管式炉中高温煅烧,从而即可制得高纯超细的硼化锆粉体。该硼化锆粉体纯度高、粒径小、微观形貌呈球形颗粒,能够在后续成型过程中增强烧结体的力学性能和烧结驱动力,而且制备过程简单、不需要特殊仪器和药品、反应过程易控制、生产周期短、成本低廉、适合大批量生产,十分适合用作在超高温条件下服役的陶瓷材料。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。
图1为采用X射线衍射分析仪分别对本发明实施例1~3及对比例1所制备的硼化锆粉体进行物质检测,从而得到的XRD图谱。
图2为采用扫描电镜分别对本发明实施例1~3及对比例1所制备的硼化锆粉体在20k放大倍率下进行形貌检测,从而得到的扫描电镜照片。
图3为采用扫描电镜分别对本发明实施例1~3及对比例1所制备的硼化锆粉体在60k放大倍率下进行形貌检测,从而得到的扫描电镜照片。
图4为采用扫描电镜分别对本发明实施例1~3及对比例1中所制备的硼化锆粉体进行形貌检测,从而得到的粒径分布图。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
下面对本发明所提供的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法进行详细描述。本发明实施例中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。
一种油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,可以包括以下步骤:
步骤A、将乙酸(分析纯)倒入硼酸和山梨醇混合粉末中,并以20~90℃(最好是60℃)进行恒温搅拌(例如:磁力搅拌),使硼酸和山梨醇完全溶于乙酸,从而得到澄清溶液;向所述澄清溶液中加入油酸,并冷却至室温,然后在持续搅拌状态下,以0.5~10mL/min的速率匀速缓慢滴入正丙醇锆,从而制得硼化锆前驱体溶胶。
步骤B、将步骤A所述硼化锆前驱体溶胶密封,并在10~90℃(最好是70℃)的恒温条件下放置4~48h(最好是9h),使其充分凝胶化,从而制得硼化锆前驱体凝胶。
步骤C、将步骤B所述硼化锆前驱体凝胶放入100~150℃(最好是120℃)的恒温干燥箱中,烘干4~24h,烘干至完全干燥,然后研磨成粉末,再放入高温管式炉中进行高温煅烧,从而制得硼化锆粉体。
具体地,该油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法可以包括以下实施方案:
(1)在步骤A中,所述油酸的用量为所述澄清溶液总体积的1%~20%。通过调整油酸的用量可以控制最终制得的硼化锆粉体的形貌;当所述油酸的用量为所述澄清溶液总体积的1%~4%时,油酸的用量越多最终制得的硼化锆粉体的粒径越小,微观形貌越趋近于球形;当所述油酸的用量为所述澄清溶液总体积的4%~20%时,油酸的用量越多最终制得的硼化锆粉体的粒径越大。
(2)在步骤C中,所述研磨成粉末可以是将干燥后的硼化锆前驱体凝胶进行球磨处理,球磨转速为50~400rpm,球磨时间为0.5~4h,从而使干燥后的硼化锆前驱体凝胶由块状变成粉末。
(3)在步骤C中,所述高温煅烧是以高纯氩气(Ar≥99.999%)作为保护气,对所述高温管式炉以1~5℃/min的速率由室温升温至1000℃,然后以0.5~2℃/min的速率升温至1500~1800℃,并保温10~120min,再以0.5~2℃/min的速率降温至1000℃,之后以1~5℃/min的速率降温至300℃,最后自然降温至室温。这一高温煅烧可以使碳热还原反应充分进行,从而得到高纯度硼化锆粉体。
进一步地,本发明提供的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法至少具有以下优点:
(1)本发明提供的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法所制备的硼化锆粉体具有较高的纯度,可以直接使用,在XRD图谱中不显示任何杂质峰,无需再进行除杂处理。
(2)本发明提供的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法所制备的硼化锆粉体具有较细的粒径和较好的微观形貌,其粒径多在200~500nm,微观形貌为球形颗粒,具有较高的烧结活性。
(3)本发明提供的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法仅需实验室常用的普通设备,不需专用设备,也不需要特殊药品,工艺过程简单易操作。
(4)本发明提供的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法可以大批量生产,十分适合相关陶瓷材料的宏量、低成本、规模化生产制备。
综上可见,本发明实施例不仅制备过程简单、反应过程易控制、生产周期短、成本低廉,而且所制备的硼化锆粉体具有较高的纯度、较细的粒径和良好的微观形貌,能够在后续成型过程中增强烧结体的力学性能和烧结驱动力。
为了更加清晰地展现出本发明所提供的技术方案及所产生的技术效果,下面以具体实施例对本发明实施例所提供的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法进行详细描述。
实施例1
一种油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,可以包括以下步骤:
步骤a1、称取3.875g硼酸和6.875g山梨醇,放入同一烧杯中混合,然后向其中倒入30mL乙酸(分析纯),并利用油浴磁力搅拌器使其逐渐升温至60℃,恒温搅拌,直到硼酸和山梨醇完全溶于乙酸,溶液完全澄清,从而得到澄清溶液。
步骤b1、向所述澄清溶液中加入0.6mL油酸,并停止加热,持续搅拌直到冷却至室温,然后在持续搅拌状态下,以0.5~10mL/min的速率匀速缓慢滴入9.375mL正丙醇锆(用时10min),从而制得硼化锆前驱体溶胶。
步骤c1、将所述硼化锆前驱体溶胶密封,并放入恒温箱中,在70℃的恒温条件下放置9h,使其充分凝胶化,从而制得硼化锆前驱体凝胶。
步骤d1、将所述硼化锆前驱体凝胶放入恒温干燥箱中,在120℃下烘干12h,使其完全干燥,从而制得硼化锆前驱体干凝胶。
步骤e1、利用行星球磨机将所述硼化锆前驱体干凝胶研磨至粉末状,再装进石墨坩埚中,放入高温管式炉内,以高纯氩气(Ar≥99.999%)作为保护气,以5℃/min的速率从室温升温至1000℃,然后以2℃/min的速率升温至1550℃,并保温30min,然后以2℃/min的速率降温至1000℃,再以5℃/min的速率降至300℃,最后自然冷却至室温,从而制得硼化锆粉体。
实施例2
一种油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,可以包括以下步骤:
步骤a2、称取3.875g硼酸和6.875g山梨醇,放入同一烧杯中混合,然后向其中倒入30mL乙酸(分析纯),并利用油浴磁力搅拌器使其逐渐升温至60℃,恒温搅拌,直到硼酸和山梨醇完全溶于乙酸,溶液完全澄清,从而得到澄清溶液。
步骤b2、向所述澄清溶液中加入1.2mL油酸,并停止加热,持续搅拌直到冷却至室温,然后在持续搅拌状态下,以0.5~10mL/min的速率匀速缓慢滴入9.375mL正丙醇锆(用时10min),从而制得硼化锆前驱体溶胶。
步骤c2、将所述硼化锆前驱体溶胶密封,并放入恒温箱中,在70℃的恒温条件下放置9h,使其充分凝胶化,从而制得硼化锆前驱体凝胶。
步骤d2、将所述硼化锆前驱体凝胶放入恒温干燥箱中,在120℃下烘干12h,使其完全干燥,从而制得硼化锆前驱体干凝胶。
步骤e2、利用行星球磨机将所述硼化锆前驱体干凝胶研磨至粉末状,再装进石墨坩埚中,放入高温管式炉内,以高纯氩气(Ar≥99.999%)作为保护气,以5℃/min的速率从室温升温至1000℃,然后以2℃/min的速率升温至1550℃,并保温30min,然后以2℃/min的速率降温至1000℃,再以5℃/min的速率降至300℃,最后自然冷却至室温,从而制得硼化锆粉体。
实施例3
一种油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,可以包括以下步骤:
步骤a3、称取3.875g硼酸和6.875g山梨醇,放入同一烧杯中混合,然后向其中倒入30mL乙酸(分析纯),并利用油浴磁力搅拌器使其逐渐升温至60℃,恒温搅拌,直到硼酸和山梨醇完全溶于乙酸,溶液完全澄清,从而得到澄清溶液。
步骤b3、向所述澄清溶液中加入2.4mL油酸,并停止加热,持续搅拌直到冷却至室温,然后在持续搅拌状态下,以0.5~10mL/min的速率匀速缓慢滴入9.375mL正丙醇锆(用时10min),从而制得硼化锆前驱体溶胶。
步骤c3、将所述硼化锆前驱体溶胶密封,并放入恒温箱中,在70℃的恒温条件下放置9h,使其充分凝胶化,从而制得硼化锆前驱体凝胶。
步骤d3、将所述硼化锆前驱体凝胶放入恒温干燥箱中,在120℃下烘干12h,使其完全干燥,从而制得硼化锆前驱体干凝胶。
步骤e3、利用行星球磨机将所述硼化锆前驱体干凝胶研磨至粉末状,再装进石墨坩埚中,放入高温管式炉内,以高纯氩气(Ar≥99.999%)作为保护气,以5℃/min的速率从室温升温至1000℃,然后以2℃/min的速率升温至1550℃,并保温30min,然后以2℃/min的速率降温至1000℃,再以5℃/min的速率降至300℃,最后自然冷却至室温,从而制得硼化锆粉体。
对比例1
一种制备硼化锆粉体的方法,可以包括以下步骤:
步骤a4、称取3.875g硼酸和6.875g山梨醇,放入同一烧杯中混合,然后向其中倒入30mL乙酸(分析纯),并利用油浴磁力搅拌器使其逐渐升温至60℃,恒温搅拌,直到硼酸和山梨醇完全溶于乙酸,溶液完全澄清,从而得到澄清溶液。
步骤b4、在所述澄清溶液中不加任何添加剂,直接停止加热,并持续搅拌直到冷却至室温,然后在持续搅拌状态下,以0.5~10mL/min的速率匀速缓慢滴入9.375mL正丙醇锆(用时10min),从而制得硼化锆前驱体溶胶。
步骤c4、将所述硼化锆前驱体溶胶密封,并放入恒温箱中,在70℃的恒温条件下放置9h,使其充分凝胶化,从而制得硼化锆前驱体凝胶。
步骤d4、将所述硼化锆前驱体凝胶放入恒温干燥箱中,在120℃下烘干12h,使其完全干燥,从而制得硼化锆前驱体干凝胶。
步骤e4、利用行星球磨机将所述硼化锆前驱体干凝胶研磨至粉末状,再装进石墨坩埚中,放入高温管式炉内,以高纯氩气(Ar≥99.999%)作为保护气,以5℃/min的速率从室温升温至1000℃,然后以2℃/min的速率升温至1550℃,并保温30min,然后以2℃/min的速率降温至1000℃,再以5℃/min的速率降至300℃,最后自然冷却至室温,从而制得硼化锆粉体。
纯度检测及形貌观察
对本发明实施例1~3及对比例1所制得的硼化锆粉体进行纯度检测和形貌观察,从而得到以下结果:
(1)采用X射线衍射分析仪分别对本发明实施例1~3及对比例1中所制备的硼化锆粉体进行物质检测,从而得到如图1所示的X射线衍射图谱;其中,图1a为本发明实施例1所制得的硼化锆粉体的XRD图谱,图1b为本发明实施例2所制得的硼化锆粉体的XRD图谱,图1c为本发明实施例3所制得的硼化锆粉体的XRD图谱,图1d为本发明对比例1所制得的硼化锆粉体的XRD图谱。由图1可以看出:本发明实施例1~3及对比例1所制得的硼化锆粉体在XRD图谱上都表现为高纯,无任何杂质峰。
(2)采用扫描电镜分别对本发明实施例1~3及对比例1中所制备的硼化锆粉体进行形貌检测,从而得到如图2和图3所示的扫描电镜照片。其中,图2a为本发明实施例1所制得的硼化锆粉体在放大倍率为20k下的FESEM照片;图2b为本发明实施例2所制得的硼化锆粉体在放大倍率为20k下的FESEM照片;图2c为本发明实施例3所制得的硼化锆粉体在放大倍率为20k下的FESEM照片;图2d为本发明对比例1所制得的硼化锆粉体在放大倍率为20k下的FESEM照片;图3a为本发明实施例1所制得的硼化锆粉体在放大倍率为60k下的FESEM照片;图3b为本发明实施例2所制得的硼化锆粉体在放大倍率为60k下的FESEM照片;图3c为本发明实施例3所制得的硼化锆粉体在放大倍率为60k下的FESEM照片;图3d为本发明对比例1所制得的硼化锆粉体在放大倍率为60k下的FESEM照片。由图2和图3可以看出:未加油酸的对比例1所制得的硼化锆粉体的微观形貌多呈不均匀、不规则的柱状和块状,而本发明实施例3所制得的硼化锆粉体的微观形貌呈大块不规则柱状,本发明实施例1所制得的硼化锆粉体的微观形貌多呈小块状,本发明实施例2所制得的硼化锆粉体的微观形貌基本呈均匀的球形颗粒。
(3)采用扫描电镜分别对本发明实施例1~3及对比例1所制备的硼化锆粉体进行形貌检测,从而得到如图4所示的粒径分布图。图4中a为本发明实施例1所制备的硼化锆粉体的粒径大小,b为本发明实施例2所制备的硼化锆粉体的粒径大小,c为本发明实施例3所制备的硼化锆粉体的粒径大小,d为对比例1所制备的硼化锆粉体的粒径大小。由图4可以看出:未添加油酸的对比例1所制备的硼化锆粉体的粒径约为1000nm,而本发明实施例1所制备的硼化锆粉体的粒径约为600nm,本发明实施例3所制备的硼化锆粉体的粒径约为1000nm,本发明实施例2所制备的硼化锆粉体的粒径最佳,约为400nm。
综上可见,本发明实施例不仅制备过程简单、反应过程易控制、生产周期短、成本低廉,而且所制备的硼化锆粉体具有较高的纯度、较细的粒径和良好的微观形貌,能够在后续成型过程中增强烧结体的力学性能和烧结驱动力。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims (8)
1.一种油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤A、将乙酸、硼酸、山梨醇混合在一起,并恒温搅拌,使硼酸和山梨醇完全溶于乙酸,从而得到澄清溶液;向所述澄清溶液中加入油酸,并冷却至室温,然后匀速滴入正丙醇锆,从而制得硼化锆前驱体溶胶;
步骤B、将步骤A所述硼化锆前驱体溶胶密封,并在恒温条件下放置一定时间,使其充分凝胶化,从而制得硼化锆前驱体凝胶;
步骤C、将步骤B所述硼化锆前驱体凝胶干燥,并研磨成粉末,然后放入高温管式炉中进行高温煅烧,从而制得硼化锆粉体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,其特征在于,在步骤A中,恒温搅拌的温度为20~90℃。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,其特征在于,在步骤A中,所述油酸的用量为所述澄清溶液总体积的1~20%。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,其特征在于,在步骤A中,正丙醇锆的滴入速率为0.5~10mL/min。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,其特征在于,在步骤B中,将步骤A所述硼化锆前驱体溶胶密封,并在10~90℃的恒温条件下放置4~48h,使其充分凝胶化。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,其特征在于,在步骤C中,将步骤B所述硼化锆前驱体凝胶在100~150℃下干燥4~24h。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,其特征在于,在步骤C中,所述研磨成粉末是将干燥后的硼化锆前驱体凝胶进行球磨处理,球磨转速为50~400rpm,球磨时间为0.5~4h,从而使干燥后的硼化锆前驱体凝胶变成粉末。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的油酸辅助制备硼化锆粉体的方法,其特征在于,在步骤C中,所述高温煅烧是以高纯氩气作为保护气,对所述高温管式炉以1~5℃/min的速率由室温升温至1000℃,然后以0.5~2℃/min的速率升温至1500~1800℃,并保温10~120min,再以0.5~2℃/min的速率降温至1000℃,之后以1~5℃/min的速率降温至300℃,最后自然降温至室温。
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