CN111513059B - 红细胞保存液及其应用 - Google Patents
红细胞保存液及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0205—Chemical aspects
- A01N1/021—Preservation or perfusion media, liquids, solids or gases used in the preservation of cells, tissue, organs or bodily fluids
- A01N1/0215—Disinfecting agents, e.g. antimicrobials for preserving living parts
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- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0205—Chemical aspects
- A01N1/021—Preservation or perfusion media, liquids, solids or gases used in the preservation of cells, tissue, organs or bodily fluids
- A01N1/0221—Freeze-process protecting agents, i.e. substances protecting cells from effects of the physical process, e.g. cryoprotectants, osmolarity regulators like oncotic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N1/0226—Physiologically active agents, i.e. substances affecting physiological processes of cells and tissue to be preserved, e.g. anti-oxidants or nutrients
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种红细胞保存液,其包括5至15μmol/L的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)。本发明还提供了保存红细胞的方法和红细胞悬液。利用本发明的红细胞保存液可将红细胞悬液的保存期延长至168天。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及细胞保存液,尤其是可延长红细胞保存时间的细胞保存液。
背景技术
在生物学研究和临床上经常需要使用红细胞,可是血液采集过程繁琐并且有些珍贵血液采集机会难得,所以就需要有效的红细胞保存液来维持所采集的红细胞的活性。血液在2-8℃条件下保存时,随时间延长,由于氧化损伤,红细胞膜结构和功能会发生改变。三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量下降也致使红细胞活力降低,磷脂丢失,细胞膜破裂,内容物释放,以至于无法用于各种实验。
很多实验室采用GMA红细胞保存液(主要成分包括葡萄糖(Glucose)、甘露醇(Mannitol)和腺嘌呤(Adenine),由上海市血液中心研制)保存红细胞,但文献报道(钱开城等,上海医学,1995,18(3):131-134)以及我们的研究都显示GMA红细胞保存液的保存期仅为42天左右。目前市售红细胞保存期较长的约90天。然而,由于这些市售红细胞的保存液的配方并未公开,研究人员无法将其用来保存自己采集的红细胞,尤其是一些珍贵血样红细胞。另外,即使这些保存液能够保存红细胞90天左右,保存期往往也还是不能满足生物学实验以及临床需要。因此,市场急需能够长期保存红细胞的红细胞保存液。
发明内容
一方面,本文提供了一种红细胞保存液,其包括5至15μmol/L的EGCG。
在一些实施方案中,所述红细胞保存液还包括葡萄糖、甘露醇和腺嘌呤。
在一些实施方案中,所述红细胞保存液还包括抗生素。
在一些实施方案中,所述抗生素为氯霉素和/或硫酸新霉素。
在一些实施方案中,所述红细胞保存液包括腺嘌呤、葡萄糖、甘露醇、枸橼酸钠、MgCl2、氯化钠、KH2PO4、Na2HPO4、氯霉素、硫酸新霉素、以及EGCG。
在一些实施方案中,所述红细胞保存液包括腺嘌呤1.8mmol/L、葡萄糖111mmol/L、甘露醇79.6mmol/L、枸橼酸钠14mmol/L、MgCl2 1.02mmol/L、氯化钠23.32mmol/L、KH2PO41.9mmol/L、Na2HPO4 1.0mmol/L、氯霉素77.4mmol/L、硫酸新霉素140.3mmol/L、以及EGCG 5至15μmol/L。
在一些实施方案中,所述EGCG浓度为10μmol/L。
在一些实施方案中,所述红细胞为人红细胞。
另一方面,本文提供了一种保存红细胞的方法,其包括所述红细胞与上述红细胞保存液接触。
另一方面,本文提供了一种红细胞悬液,其包括红细胞和上述红细胞保存液。
另一方面,本文提供了上述红细胞悬液在血型测定中的应用。
在2-8℃条件下保存,本发明提供的红细胞保存液能够将红细胞保存期延长至168天。
附图说明
图1显示了采用不同红细胞保存液的A型红细胞悬液中游离血红蛋白浓度随保存时间的变化
图2显示了采用不同红细胞保存液的B型红细胞悬液中游离血红蛋白浓度随保存时间的变化
图3显示了采用不同红细胞保存液的A型红细胞悬液抗原效价随保存时间的变化。
图4显示了采用不同红细胞保存液的B型红细胞悬液抗原效价随保存时间的变化。
具体实施方式
除非另有说明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本领域普通技术人员所通常理解的含义。除非另有说明,本文中所用的细胞制备、生物化学检测等操作均为相应领域内广泛使用的常规步骤。同时,为了更好地理解本发明,下面提供一些术语的定义和解释
“红细胞”是血液中数量最多的一种血细胞,其通过细胞内大量血红蛋白负责体内氧气的输送。红细胞在脊椎动物中广泛存在,也存在与少量无脊椎动物中。优选地,本文中红细胞指哺乳动物红细胞,包括大鼠、小鼠、猫、牛、马、猴红细胞,更优选人红细胞。
“红细胞保存液”指用于保存红细胞的混合溶液。当将采集的红细胞置于红细胞保存液中,可以较长时间地保持红细胞的形态、活性、膜成分或活性等。需要指出的是,尽管这里将其表述为“保存液”,但也可以将其制备为其他形态,例如冻干粉末,使用前再将其与水结合而成为溶液状态。
“红细胞悬液”指将红细胞置于红细胞保存液中而得到的混合物。“悬液”旨在说明红细胞被红细胞保存液所包围,并不要求红细胞在红细胞保存液中均匀分布。
“表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)”属于2-苯基苯并呋喃衍生物,为绿茶茶多酚的主要组成成分,是从茶叶中分离得到的儿茶素类单体。其结构如下:
EGCG一直被认为在体内具有多种生物活性,例如抗氧化、保护神经系统、抗癌、保护心血管等(葛建等,安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(2):156-163)。然而,在体外细胞培养基中,大多研究认为其促进H2O2、羟基自由基(OH-)、超氧根离子(O2 -)等活性氧生成而具有促氧化作用(参见,例如,Sang S等,Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry,2005,53(24):9478-9484;和Sang S等,Free Radical Biology and Medicine,2007,43(3):362-371),并认为这些活性氧也是引起体外细胞损伤的主要原因(陈怡君等,茶叶科学,2015,35(2):130-136)。另外,在对红细胞作用方面,一些研究显示,EGCG降低膜蛋白巯基含量水平,并诱导膜蛋白聚集(任婧等,第四军医大学学报,2009,30(19):1947-1949)。
然而,尽管还有待研究其机理,本发明人意外地发现在红细胞保存液中加入较窄浓度范围的EGCG可大大延长红细胞保存期。与已知配方的GMA红细胞保存液相比,在加入抗生素情况下,取决于加入的EGCG浓度,可将保存期从42天延长到84天至168天不等。在优选的实施方案中,EGCG浓度为5至15μmol/L,例如6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15μmol/L。相应地,至少部分地基于上述发现,本文提供了新的红细胞保存液以及用该红细胞保存液制备的红细胞悬液。
“抗生素”指能够抑制或杀灭微生物、尤其是各种细菌的化合物,也可以称为“杀菌剂”。在本发明的红细胞保存液中,优选采用氯霉素或硫酸新霉素,更优选二者的组合。它们与红细胞相容,能够在不影响红细胞活性的情况下发挥抑菌作用。
本发明人的红细胞保存液还可以包括葡萄糖、腺嘌呤、甘露醇、枸橼酸钠、MgCl2、氯化钠、磷酸盐,其中葡萄糖和腺嘌呤可构成红细胞的营养体系,为红细胞的新陈代谢提供能量;甘露醇稀释浓缩红细胞粘稠度,增加细胞膜稳定性,防止溶血;枸橼酸钠作为抗凝剂与钙离子络合防止血液凝固;氯化钠、MgCl2提供体内环境近似的渗透压;磷酸盐防止红细胞聚集,为红细胞能量代谢提供磷酸盐,并减缓2,3-DPG下降速度。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1红细胞的制备和洗涤
将从天津市血液中心购买的3人份新鲜的A型健康人悬浮红细胞去除白细胞后,取适量红细胞进行混合。加入10倍体积的氯化钠注射液,吹打混匀,置于离心机中以3000r离心5min,将离心后的A型红细胞试管取出,吸去上清液,此过程再重复两遍。在第3次离心后,吸去上清液,保留剩下的压积红细胞,备用。按类似方式制备B型压积红细胞。
实施例2红细胞保存液的配制
分别按以下成分配制6组红细胞保存液。
(1)GMA保存液:腺嘌呤1.8mmol/L;葡萄糖111mmol/L;甘露醇79.6mmol/L;枸橼酸钠14mmol/L;MgCl2 1.02mmol/L;氯化钠23.32mmol/L;KH2PO4 1.9mmol/L;Na2HPO4 1.0mmol/L。
(2)实验组1:腺嘌呤1.8mmol/L、葡萄糖111mmol/L、甘露醇79.6mmol/L、枸橼酸钠14mmol/L、MgCl 1.02mmol/L、氯化钠23.32mmol/L、KH2PO4 1.9mmol/L、Na2HPO4 1.0mmol/L、氯霉素77.4mmol/L、硫酸新霉素140.3mmol/L、EGCG 1μmol/L。
(3)实验组2:将EGCG浓度改为5μmol/L,其他成分浓度同实验组1。
(4)实验组3:将EGCG浓度改为10μmol/L,其他成分浓度同实验组1。
(5)实验组4:将EGCG浓度改为15μmol/L,其他成分浓度同实验组1。
(6)实验组5:将EGCG浓度改为20μmmol/L,其他成分浓度同实验组1。
实施例3红细胞悬液的配制
按《临床输血检测操作规程》操作,将实施例1制备的压积红细胞吸出100μL加入已装有10mL实施例2配制的红细胞保存液的滴管瓶中,获得以各种红细胞保存液制备的0.8%浓度红细胞悬液。对于每种红细胞保存液,各制备两瓶红细胞悬液,其中1瓶用于检测,另外1瓶用于静置观察。均放于2-8℃条件下冷藏保存。
为了方便阐述,在本文中也将GMA保存液保存的红细胞悬液称为“GMA对照”,将采用实施例2中实验组1-5保存液保存的红细胞悬液对应地记为“#1”至“#5”。
实施例4各红细胞悬液中的游离血红蛋白浓度变化
红细胞主要由红细胞膜和大量的血红蛋白组成,当红细胞膜破裂时,膜表面抗原被破坏,血红蛋白释放出来,发生溶血现象。所以不同保存期的红细胞悬液中游离血红蛋白浓度可以作为红细胞体外保存效果的质量指标之一。
血红蛋白具有过氧化酶作用,可以使过氧化氢分解产生新生态氧,新生态氧氧化联苯胺为蓝色或绿色的衍生物,在酸性条件下颜色变为黄绿色,吸收峰在435nm处。根据吸光度与已知浓度的血红蛋白的吸光度进行比较,可求得其浓度。
测定方法简述如下。用30mL冰乙酸溶解邻甲联苯胺0.1g,加蒸馏水至50mL,配制为0.2%的邻甲联苯胺溶液,2-8℃保存;吸取3.67mL 3%的过氧化氢,加蒸馏水至100mL,配制为0.1%的过氧化氢溶液,每次实验都新鲜配制;吸取冰乙酸溶液50mL,加蒸馏水至500mL,配制为10%的冰乙酸溶液;称取0.01g牛血红蛋白溶于1mL生理盐水中,配制为10mg/mL的血红蛋白储备液,用时稀释为100mg/L的血红蛋白标准液。检测之前取部分红细胞悬液以3000r离心5min。向测定管内加入待测上清液20μL,空白管加入双蒸水20μL,标准管加入100mg/L的血红蛋白标准液20μL。再向上述各管中加入0.2%邻甲联苯胺溶液1mL,然后加入0.1%过氧化氢溶液1mL,混匀放置10min后,各管加入10%冰乙酸溶液10mL,混匀放置10min后,于紫外可见分光光度计测定吸光度。测定时以空白管调零,检测波长为435nm。通过下式测定游离血红蛋白浓度:
游离血红蛋白浓度(mg/L)=测定管吸光度/标准管吸光度×100(mg/L)。
采用上述方法,测定了处于不同保存期实施例3中配制的各种红细胞悬液中的游离血红蛋白浓度。
测定结果显示在表1、表2以及图1、图2中。表1和表2中第0天测定结果为红细胞悬液配制完成后2小时测定的,市售对照缺第0天数据是因为难以获得出厂当日产品。
表1各A型红细胞悬液的游离血红蛋白浓度变化(mg/L)
表2各B型红细胞悬液的游离血红蛋白浓度变化(mg/L)
如图1和图2所示,随着保存时间的延长,各红细胞悬液的游离血红蛋白浓度都逐渐上升,其中GMA对照到实验后期时,由于细菌对血红蛋白的分解,游离血红蛋白浓度反而下降。按照国家标准GB18469-2012《全血及成分血质量要求》,洗涤红细胞储存末期溶血率应小于红细胞总量的0.8%,即游离血红蛋白浓度小于880mg/L。如表1、表2所示,各红细胞悬液的溶血率在一段时间内是符合国家标准,我们把溶血率符合国家标准的这段时间定为各红细胞悬液的保存期,即GMA对照的保存期为42天,#1的保存期为84天,#2至#5的保存期为168天。
实施例5各红细胞悬液的红细胞抗原效价变化
测定效价的方法采用试管法,参考的是《临床输血检测操作规程》。测定各保存液保存的A/B型红细胞的抗原效价,并与市售ABO血型反定型试剂盒(人血红细胞)中的A型和B型红细胞(市售对照)作对比。所采用的市售ABO血型反定型试剂盒购自长春博迅生物技术有限责任公司,试剂盒规格为:10mL/瓶,浓度0.8%(货号:BX2001-10-3),标签上注明2-8℃保存,有效期90天。
测定方法简述如下。从冰箱中拿出A型0.8%GMA红细胞悬液,取其部分悬液3000r离心5min,取压积红细胞用生理盐水配制成2%的红细胞悬液,备用。取出11支试管,依次标记为:1:2、1:4、1:8、1:16、1:32、1:64、1:128、1:256、1:512、1:1024、1:2048,然后向每管中加入氯化钠注射液100μL,在第1支试管中加入抗A血型定型试剂100μL,混匀,移100μL至第2管,以此类推至第11管,最后弃去100μL,这样从第1管到第11管的抗A血型定型试剂的稀释度分别为1:2、1:4、1:8、1:16、1:32、1:64、1:128、1:256、1:512、1:1024、1:2048,然后向每个稀释度对应的试管中加入100μL之前备好的2%的红细胞悬液,混匀,室温孵育15min,3000r离心10秒,以出现肉眼观察呈1+凝集强度的稀释度的倒数为该抗原的效价(如32,而不是1/32或1:32)。如果稀释度最高的试管中仍有凝集,说明还未到达反应终点,应继续稀释并检测。
表3凝集强度判读标准
按上述测定方法,对剩余的其他红细胞悬液与市售红细胞悬液也检测抗原效价。测定结果见表4、表5和图3、图4。
表4各A型红细胞悬液的红细胞抗原效价
注:空白栏是由于红细胞数量太少,检测时无法判定。
表5各B型红细胞悬液的红细胞抗原效价
注:空白栏是由于红细胞数量太少,检测时无法判定。
如图3和图4所示,GMA对照、#1至#4以及市售对照的红细胞抗原效价在一段时间内是基本不变的,超过这个时间段会逐渐下降,而#5红细胞悬液的红细胞抗原效价是随着时间的延长而逐渐上升。
我们把抗原效价不变的这段时间定为各红细胞悬液的保存期,即GMA对照的保存期为42天,#1和市售对照的保存期为84天,#2至#4的保存期为168天。#5的抗原效价一直上升,说明可能存在非特异凝集。
综合游离血红蛋白浓度和抗原效价的结果来看,#2至#4的保存效果最好,长达168天。
本文主要相对于GMA红细胞保存液的成分阐述了增加抗生素以及EGCG可明显延长保存期。尽管在实施例中,除了EGCG浓度有变动,其他成分含量保持未变,但本领域技术人员了解的是,这些成分的含量也可以在一定范围内变动。只要最后获得的红细胞保存液能够达到较好的保存期(甚至超过168天),这些红细胞保存液也应落入本发明的保护范围内。
相较于现有技术,本发明的有益效果包括但不限于:
1.保存时间长。本发明制备的红细胞悬液在保存第168天时,仍为红色的红细胞悬液,静置分层后,上层为澄清液体,没有出现溶血、变黑等现象;
2.在保存期内,本发明红细胞保存液保存的红细胞保持了较高的抗原效价。
3.本发明的红细胞保存液成本低廉,配制简单,方便各普通生物学实验室和临床上配制和使用。
Claims (3)
1.保存红细胞的方法,其特征在于,将人红细胞与红细胞保存液接触,使所述红细胞保存液将红细胞保存21-168天;所述红细胞保存液包括腺嘌呤1.8mmol/L、葡萄糖111mmol/L、甘露醇79.6mmol/L、枸橼酸钠14mmol/L、MgCl2 1.02mmol/L、氯化钠23.32mmol/L、KH2PO41.9mmol/L、Na2HPO4 1.0mmol/L、氯霉素77.4mmol/L、硫酸新霉素140.3mmol/L、以及EGCG 15μmol/L。
2.红细胞悬液,其特征在于,包括红细胞和红细胞保存液;所述红细胞保存液包括腺嘌呤1.8mmol/L、葡萄糖111mmol/L、甘露醇79.6mmol/L、枸橼酸钠14mmol/L、MgCl2 1.02mmol/L、氯化钠23.32mmol/L、KH2PO4 1.9mmol/L、Na2HPO4 1.0mmol/L、氯霉素77.4mmol/L、硫酸新霉素140.3mmol/L、以及EGCG 15μmol/L。
3.权利要求2所述的红细胞悬液在血型测定中的应用。
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