CN111493007B - Method for cultivating 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring fingerlings of carassius auratus gibelio - Google Patents
Method for cultivating 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring fingerlings of carassius auratus gibelio Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241001609213 Carassius carassius Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method suitable for cultivating 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring fingerlings of carassius auratus gibelio, which is characterized in that a micropore aeration pipe is arranged at the bottom of a fingerling cultivation pond, and the standard rough cultivation of 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring fingerlings of carassius auratus gibelio is carried out in three stages by taking particle fermentation fish paste and fry expanded particle compound feed as main baits. Compared with the traditional method for culturing the seedlings by using the rich water and the soybean milk, the method for culturing the seedlings of the carassius auratus in the early spring can solve the problems that in low-temperature rainy climate in the early spring, the culture of plankton baits in a pond is difficult, the large supply cannot be ensured, the survival rate of the seedling culture is low, the culture density is limited and the like, effectively improves the unit yield and the survival rate of the early spring seedling culture of the 'Zhongke No. 3' carassius auratus gibelio, and obviously improves the growth, the stress resistance and the quality of the early spring seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring seedlings of carassius auratus gibelio.
Background
The carassius auratus gibelio is one of the excellent carassius auratus varieties which are cultured on a large scale and have stable characteristics in China, and the Chinese 3 # is a third-generation new variety, has the advantages of fast growth, good body shape and good body color, has good market acceptance and good culture benefit. However, due to the fact that the growth speed is high, the daily food intake is relatively large, once the bait and nutrition are insufficient in the early stage of fry breeding, the fry can grow slowly, the morbidity is high, the survival rate is low, and the like. Therefore, the standard rough cultivation of the early spring fingerlings of 'Zhongke No. 3' greatly influences the time for adult fish cultivation to reach the standard of marketing.
At present, the traditional breeding method of culturing palatable natural feed for fish fries and supplementing and feeding soybean milk by using a pond rich water for culturing the fingerlings of the carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' is still adopted for culturing the fingerlings, and the stocking density of the general water bloom fingerlings is 300 tails/m2On the left and right sides, the cultivation density is limited, and the utilization of pond resources is limited. In the traditional fry mark rough breeding process, the nutrition source of the fry is mainly influenced by natural baits in the water body of the pond, so that a large amount of fertilizers are usually applied to the water body to increase the abundance of plankton in the fry breeding pond and provide abundant natural baits for the fry. However, the culture of natural bait organisms is easily affected by external conditions such as climate and the like, because the weather is changeable in early spring seasons, the weather is common in low-temperature rainy days and suddenly low in temperature, the pond is easy to pour algae, the water is difficult to adjust, and the dissolved oxygen in the water body is low, the difficulty of culturing the natural bait organisms in the fry culture pond by using rich water is greatly increased, the abundance of the natural bait in the pond is reduced, so that the biological bait of the fry is seriously insufficient, the environmental stress and nutritional stress are increased, the traditional soybean milk, soybean meal, conventional fry feed and the like cannot meet the growth requirements of the fry, the phenomenon of 'fry dropping' can be promoted by the superposition of the factors, and the problems of low survival rate of the fry culture in early spring, low quality of the fry and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for cultivating 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring carassius auratus gibelio 'aiming at the problem that the existing method for roughly cultivating the fish fry of the water flowers of carassius auratus gibelio cannot meet the requirement of roughly cultivating the fish fry of' Zhongke No. 3 'early spring carassius auratus gibelio' in a marking way.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating the early spring fry of 'Zhongke No. 3' of carassius auratus gibelio 'features that a microporous aeration tube is installed at the bottom of fry cultivating pool, the fermented fish paste and puffed fine particle feed are used as main raw materials, and the early spring fry of' Zhongke No. 3 'of carassius auratus gibelio' is cultivated in three stages; the specific operation is as follows:
1) and (3) stocking the water bloom seedlings: installing a microporous aeration pipe parallel to the direction of the short edge of the pond at the bottom of the seedling culture pond at intervals of 1.5-2.0 m along the direction of the long edge of the pond, wherein the length of the microporous aeration pipe is equal to that of the short edge of the pond bottom, and connecting the microporous aeration pipe to an air blower through a connecting pipeline; adding fresh water into the culture pond to a height of 60-80 cm, stocking and breeding the carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring water flower seedlings with stocking density of 2500-3000 tails/m2；
2) A first breeding stage: feeding the granular fermented fish paste with the granularity of 150-250 mu m by taking the 1 st-7 th day after stocking as a first feeding stage, wherein the daily feeding rate is 25-30% of the mass of the fish bodies in the pond; feeding for 1 time in the morning and evening respectively, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the total daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the total daily feeding amount; the specific feeding method comprises the steps of adding water into the particle fermented fish paste according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare suspension, and uniformly sprinkling in the whole pool;
3) a second feeding stage: feeding mixed bait consisting of particle fermented fish paste (the particle size is 250-350 mu m) and fry expanded particle compound feed (the particle size is 250-350 mu m, the crude protein content is more than or equal to 45.0%) by taking 8-15 days after stocking as a second feeding stage, wherein the daily feeding rate of the particle fermented fish paste is reduced to 0% day by day from 25-30% of the mass of the fish bodies in the pond, and the daily feeding rate of the fry expanded particle compound feed is increased to 8-10% day by day from 1-2% of the mass of the fish bodies in the pond; feeding for 1 time in the morning and evening respectively, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the total daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the total daily feeding amount; the specific feeding method comprises the steps of adding water into mixed bait consisting of particle fermented fish paste and fry expanded particle compound feed according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare suspension, and uniformly sprinkling the suspension in a whole pool for feeding;
4) a third feeding stage: taking the period from 16 days after stocking to the specification of growing summer fries (the total length is about 3.0 cm) as a third breeding stage, feeding the puffed micro-particle compound feed for the fries with the granularity of 350-450 mu m and the crude protein content of more than or equal to 45.0 percent, wherein the daily feeding rate is 8-10 percent of the fish body mass of the pond; feeding for 1 time in the morning and evening respectively, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the total daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the total daily feeding amount; adding water day by day during the cultivation period to increase the water level to 100-120 cm; the specific feeding method comprises the steps of adding water into the fry expanded micro-particle compound feed according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare suspension, sprinkling to the whole pool for feeding on the first day, and gradually narrowing the sprinkling range to a feeding table on the second day so as to domesticate fries to feed at fixed points on the feeding table.
The particle fermented fish paste is prepared by grinding low-value fishes such as small trash fish, chub and the like into particle fish paste, adding EM (effective microorganisms) accounting for 1% of the weight of the fish paste, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then sealing and fermenting for 2-3 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the matching of the particle fermented fish paste and the fry expanded particle compound feed can replace natural plankton baits to be used as the feed for early-stage fry breeding of the No. 3 fry of the Chinese family of carassius auratus gibelio, wherein the EM can improve the water quality and maintain good water quality environment of the breeding pond, and the problems of low survival rate of fry breeding, limited breeding density and the like caused by difficult breeding and large-scale effective supply of the plankton baits in the pond in early spring are solved. If the micronized fish paste (without EM bacteria) is used independently, the problems of difficulty increase, easy loss and the like of water quality regulation and control of the pond water body are caused by the large solubility in water, large feeding amount in the later stage of the seedling marking and coarse cultivation, increased pond load and the like.
In order to overcome the problems in the cultivation of the early spring fingerlings of the 'Zhongke No. 3' carassius auratus gibelio in the prior art, the invention combines the particle fermented fish paste and the expanded fine particles of the fry to use, has balanced nutrition, can meet the requirements of the growth stages of the 'Zhongke No. 3' fry of the carassius auratus gibelio on nutrition, better promotes the growth of the fry, simultaneously can improve the cultivation density, unit yield and survival rate of the 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring fingerlings of the pond carassius auratus gibelio, and obviously improves the growth, stress resistance and fry quality of the early spring fingerlings.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The following examples are given without reference to specific conditions, generally following conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
The particle fermented fish paste is prepared by grinding low-value fishes such as small trash fish and chub into particle fish paste, adding EM (effective microorganisms) accounting for 1% of the weight of the fish paste, stirring and mixing uniformly, and sealing and fermenting for 2-3 days.
The EM is purchased from Fujian Baihui Shengyuan biological technology limited company, and the main components of the EM are beneficial microbial floras such as lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes, nitrobacteria, bacillus and the like and metabolites thereof.
The expanded microparticle compound feed for the larval fish is prepared by taking 65% of white fish meal, 20% of flour, 4% of yeast powder, 2% of liver powder, 3% of mysid powder, 1% of soybean lecithin, 0.4% of various mixed vitamins, 1% of various mixed mineral substances, 0.6% of choline chloride and 3% of sodium alginate as formula raw materials, mixing the raw materials in proportion, crushing the mixture until the fineness reaches more than 250 meshes, performing modified expansion granulation, drying, crushing, re-expanding, sieving, grading and packaging. The essential feed raw materials and nutrient components in the fry expanded microparticle compound feed are uniformly distributed, and the fry expanded microparticle compound feed has the characteristics of good shape retention and good dispersion settleability in water.
Example 1
In 2017, in 2 months, a cultivation test of the carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring water bloom seedlings is carried out in a 2-mouth seedling cultivation pond in a Changtai seedling cultivation base, and the total area of the pond is 1500 m2. Installing a microporous aeration pipe parallel to the short edge direction of the pond at the bottom of the cultivation pond at intervals of 1.5-2.0 m along the long edge direction of the pond, wherein the length of the microporous aeration pipe is equal to that of the short edge of the pond bottom, connecting the microporous aeration pipe to a Roche blower through a connecting pipeline, and effectively slowing down the sedimentation of the particulate bait by utilizing the upward lifting force of the aeration gas, so that the particulate bait is dispersed and suspended in a water body and the feeding time of the fry is prolonged; adding new water into the culture pond to 60cm high, and co-stocking 375 ten thousand of carassius auratus gibelio Mike 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring water flower seedlings in 2017 for 2, 15 and 2 monthsThe stocking density is 2500 tails/m2. The stocking density cannot be too low, if the stocking density is too low, the fish is fed according to the proper bait feeding rate, the bait feeding amount is small, the bait density in the water body is reduced, the feeding difficulty of the fry is increased, if the feeding amount is increased, the residual bait amount is increased, the water quality is easy to deteriorate, and a large amount of death of the fry can be caused.
In the first feeding stage, feeding the particle fermented fish paste with the particle size of 150-250 mu m from 16 days in 2017 and 2 months 22 days in 2017 (the 1 st-7 th day after stocking), wherein the daily feeding rate is 25% of the mass of the pond fish bodies, the feeding is carried out for 1 time in the morning and evening, the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the daily feeding amount; the specific feeding method is that the fine grain fermented fish paste is added with water according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare suspension, and then the whole pool is uniformly sprayed.
In the second feeding stage, feeding mixed bait consisting of micro-particle fermented fish paste with the particle size of 250-350 microns and fry expanded micro-particle compound feed with the particle size of 250-350 microns and the crude protein content of more than or equal to 45.0 percent from 23 days in 2017 to 2 days in 2017 (8-15 days after stocking), wherein the daily feeding rate of the micro-particle fermented fish paste is reduced to 0 percent day by day from 25 percent of the mass of fish bodies in the pond, and the daily feeding rate of the fry expanded micro-particle compound feed is increased to 8 percent day by day from 2 percent of the mass of the fish bodies in the pond; feeding for 1 time in the morning and evening respectively, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the total daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the total daily feeding amount; the specific feeding method is that the mixed bait is added with water according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare suspension, and then the whole pool is uniformly sprayed.
In the third feeding stage, feeding fry expanded micro-particle compound feed with the crude protein content of more than or equal to 45.0% and the particle size of 350-450 mu m from 3 months 3 days in 2017 to 17 days in 3 months in 2017 (during the 16 th cultivation after stocking to the summer flower fry specification period of the fry with the fry length of about 3.0 cm), wherein the daily feeding rate is 8% of the mass of the fish body in the pond; feeding for 1 time in the morning and evening respectively, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the total daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the total daily feeding amount; the specific feeding method comprises the steps of adding water into the fry expanded micro-particle compound feed according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare a suspension, sprinkling the suspension in the whole pool on the first day, gradually reducing the sprinkling range to a feeding table on the second day so as to domesticate fries to feed at fixed points on the feeding table; meanwhile, water is added day by day to increase the water level to 100 cm, so as to increase the volume of the culture water body and relatively reduce the culture density.
And 3, 18 months and 18 days in 2017, 302.1 million of carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke 3' early spring seedlings with the average total length of 3.16 cm are produced, the average survival rate is 80.56%, and the yield per unit area is 134.26 million of seedlings per mu.
Example 2
In the end of 2 months in 2017, a 1-mouth offspring seed cultivation pond of the Shuchang offspring seed demonstration base is used for carrying out an experiment of cultivating the offspring seeds of the carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring water bloom offspring seeds, and the total area of the pond is 1400 m2. Installing a microporous aeration pipe parallel to the short edge direction of the pond at the bottom of the cultivation pond at intervals of 1.5-2.0 m along the long edge direction of the pond, wherein the length of the microporous aeration pipe is equal to that of the short edge of the pond bottom, connecting the microporous aeration pipe to a Roche blower through a connecting pipeline, and effectively slowing down the sedimentation of the particulate bait by utilizing the upward lifting force of the aeration gas, so that the particulate bait is dispersed and suspended in a water body and the feeding time of the fry is prolonged; adding new water into the culture pond to reach a height of 80cm, and stocking together 420 thousands of carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring water flower seedlings in 2017 for 2 months and 27 days, wherein the average stocking density is 3000 tails/m2. The stocking density cannot be too thin, if the stocking density is too low, the fish is fed according to the proper bait feeding rate, the bait feeding amount is small, the bait density in the water body is too low, the feeding difficulty of the fry is increased, if the bait feeding amount is increased, the residual bait amount is increased, the water quality is easy to deteriorate, and a large amount of death of the fry can be caused.
In the first feeding stage, feeding the particle fermented fish paste with the particle size of 150-250 mu m from 28 days in 2017 and 3 and 6 days in 2017 (1-7 days after stocking), wherein the daily feeding rate is 30% of the mass of the pond fish bodies, the feeding is carried out for 1 time in the morning and at night, the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the daily feeding total amount, and the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the daily feeding total amount; the specific feeding method is that the fine grain fermented fish paste is added with water according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare suspension, and then the whole pool is uniformly sprayed.
In the second feeding stage, feeding mixed bait consisting of particle fermented fish paste with the particle size of 250-350 microns and fry expanded particle compound feed with the particle size of 250-350 microns and the crude protein content of more than or equal to 45.0 percent from 3-7 days in 2017 to 3-14 days in 2017 (8-15 days after stocking), wherein the daily feeding rate of the particle fermented fish paste is reduced to 0 percent day by day from 30 percent of the mass of fish bodies in the pond, and the daily feeding rate of the fry expanded particle compound feed is increased to 10 percent day by day from 1 percent of the mass of the fish bodies in the pond; feeding for 1 time in the morning and evening respectively, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the total daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the total daily feeding amount; the specific feeding method is that the mixed bait is added with water according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare suspension, and then the whole pool is uniformly sprayed.
In the third feeding stage, feeding fry expanded micro-particle compound feed with the crude protein content of more than or equal to 45.0% and the particle size of 350-450 mu m from 3 months 3 days in 2017 to 17 days in 3 months in 2017 (during the period from the 16 th day after stocking to the summer flower fry specification period of the fry with the full length of about 3.0 cm), wherein the daily feeding rate is 10% of the mass of the fish body in the pond; feeding for 1 time in the morning and evening respectively, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the total daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the total daily feeding amount; the specific feeding method comprises the steps of adding water into the fry expanded micro-particle compound feed according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare a suspension, sprinkling the suspension in the whole pool on the first day, gradually reducing the sprinkling range to a feeding table on the second day so as to domesticate fries to feed at fixed points on the feeding table; meanwhile, water is added day by day to increase the water level to 120 cm, so as to increase the volume of the culture water body and relatively reduce the culture density.
26 days in 2017 and 3 months, 314.5 thousands of carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring seedlings with the average total length of 3.04 cm are produced, the average survival rate is 74.88 percent, and the yield per unit area is 149.76 thousands/mu. Compared with the traditional soil pond cultivation mode in the same period (the summer flower seedlings are cultivated to the specification of about 3.0 cm in total length, the average cultivation period is 50 days, the average survival rate is 50%, and the yield per unit area is 10 ten thousand/mu), the cultivation period is shortened by 46%, the average survival rate is improved by 49.76%, the yield per unit area is improved by nearly 15 times, and the pond productivity and the seedling cultivation efficiency are effectively improved.
The following is a comparison test of the seedling raising effect of the particle fermented fish paste and the fry expanded particle compound feed of the invention and the fry of carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' cultivated by natural biological bait, egg yolk, common fry compound feed and the like.
Test materials and methods
1.1 test Fish and initial bait
The test uses the carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' larva fish as the 3-day-old larva fish with the same batch of membranaceous membranes and the relatively consistent incubation time in the fertilized eggs of the same batch artificially propagated in the Changchang offspring seed demonstration base, the average total length (5.86 +/-0.25) mm and the average body mass (1.8 +/-0.5) mg.
The initial feed for the test is respectively small zooplankton, yolk, compound feed for raising fry, particle fermented fish paste and compound feed for puffing particles of larval fish. The small zooplankton is fished from the biological bait culture pond of the demonstration base; the compound feed for raising seedlings is purchased from Tianma feed Limited company, the grain diameter of the compound feed is less than or equal to 200 mu m, the content of crude protein is more than or equal to 48.0 percent, the content of crude fat is more than or equal to 6.0 percent, the content of crude fiber is less than or equal to 3.0 percent, and the content of crude ash is less than or equal to 18.0 percent; the micro-particle fermented fish paste and the expanded micro-particle compound feed for the fish fry are both prepared according to the method of the invention.
1.2 test methods
The test container is a glass water cluster box with the water level of 40 cm and the water level of 60cm multiplied by 50 cm. The same batch of No. 3 Chinese family fry of 3-day-old carassius auratus gibelio is taken, and 400 tails are randomly put in each box. Feeding for 1 time at 8:00 and 17:00 times every day, wherein the feeding mode is as follows:
the small zooplankton feeding group comprises: feeding small-sized zooplankton filtered by an 80-mesh screen in a first feeding stage (1-7 days after stocking), wherein the types of the small-sized zooplankton are mainly brachiocephalus armeniaca, polyrhiza, turbinate and cladocera such as daphnia and Moina, wherein the rotifer accounts for about 80% and the cladocera accounts for about 20%; feeding the small-sized zooplankton filtered by the 60-mesh screen in the second feeding stage (8-15 days after stocking), wherein the main types of the small-sized zooplankton are daphnia rhinotrachealis, daphnia gymnadenia, daphnia magna, daphnia exsicata and the like, larvae of the daphnia magna and the like, rotifers and the like, wherein the cladocera and the larvae of the cladocera occupy about 80%, the rotifers occupy about 20%, and the feeding density reaches 10-15 per mL water body each time;
secondly, feeding the egg yolk: feeding water which is formed by rubbing and washing egg yolk through a 60-mesh screen in a first feeding stage (1-7 days after stocking), washing the egg yolk with clear water through a 200-mesh screen, and feeding the egg yolk with the egg yolk particles of 150-275 mu m, feeding water which is formed by rubbing and washing the egg yolk through a 45-mesh screen in a second feeding stage (8-15 days after stocking), washing the egg yolk with clear water through a 80-mesh screen, and feeding the egg yolk with the egg yolk particles of 200-300 mu m; the daily feeding amount is 15% of the mass of the young fish bodies, the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the daily feeding total amount, the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the daily feeding total amount, and when the egg yolk water is used, the egg yolk water is uniformly sprinkled;
③ the group for feeding the compound feed of the seedling culture device: feeding the compound feed for the baby fish in the whole process, wherein the daily feeding amount is 15% of the mass of the baby fish body, the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the daily feeding total amount, the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the daily feeding total amount, and when the compound feed for the baby fish is used, water is added according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare a suspension, and the suspension is uniformly sprayed;
and fourthly, a particle fermentation fish paste feeding group: feeding the fish paste with the particle size of 150-250 mu m in a first feeding stage (1-7 days after stocking), and feeding the fish paste with the particle size of 250-350 mu m in a second feeding stage (8-15 days after stocking); the daily feeding amount is 30 percent of the mass of the young fish bodies, the feeding amount in the morning is 60 percent of the daily feeding total amount, the feeding amount in the evening is 40 percent of the daily feeding total amount, when in use, the particle fermented fish paste is added with water according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare suspension liquid, and then the suspension liquid is uniformly sprinkled;
the group of the particle fermented fish paste and the expanded particle compound feed for the fish fries is matched with a food transferring and feeding group: feeding the particle fermented fish paste in a first feeding stage (1-7 days after stocking), wherein the feeding method is the same as that in the fourth feeding stage (8-15 days after stocking), feeding mixed bait consisting of the particle fermented fish paste (the granularity is 250-350 mu m) and the expanded microparticle compound feed (the granularity is 250-350 mu m, the content of crude protein is more than or equal to 45.0%) for the fries, the daily feeding rate of the particle fermented fish paste is reduced from 30% to 0% day by day, and the daily feeding rate of the expanded microparticle compound feed for the fries is increased from 1% to 10% day by day; feeding for 1 time in the morning and evening respectively, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the total daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the total daily feeding amount; when in use, mixed bait consisting of the particle fermented fish paste and the expanded fry particle compound feed is added with water according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare suspension, and then the suspension is uniformly sprayed.
3 groups of the feeding test groups are arranged in parallel, sewage suction and water change are carried out 2.0 h after each feeding, 1/4 water change is carried out each time, the behavior and the external form change of the fry are observed, and the death condition of each group of the fry is recorded. During the test, the oxygen is added by proper amount of air, the content of dissolved oxygen in the water body is maintained to be more than 5.0 mg/L, the water temperature is 18-20 ℃, and the pH value of the water body is 7.4.
Randomly extracting 5 fry of each parallel test group at the beginning of the test, at the end of the first feeding stage and at the end of the first feeding stage, measuring the total length and the body mass, counting the death number of the fry of each parallel test group, and calculating the survival rate (%) = final mantissa/initial mantissa × 100%); after feeding for 24 and 48 hours, randomly drawing 10 fries from each parallel test group, checking whether baits exist in the gastrointestinal tract of the fries one by one under a biological microscope, and calculating the feeding rate of the fries.
2 test results and analysis
2.1 Effect of different starter baits on starter ingestion and survival of the carp No. 3 of the Mike of Carassius auratus gibelio
The feeding rate at the mouth and the survival rate at different periods of time for feeding 24 and 48 h carassius auratus gibelio "Zhongke No. 3" fries to each test group are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of different starter baits on starter feeding rate and survival rate of Carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' larva
As can be seen from Table 1, the open feeding rate of the 24-hour fry fed by the feeding group is the highest when the fry is fed by small zooplankton, and the egg yolk feeding group is the next group, the difference between the two groups is not significant (P is more than 0.05), but the two groups are significantly higher than the feeding group of the compound feed for the fry treasures, the feeding group of the particle fermented fish paste, the compound feed for the particle fermented fish paste and the expanded particle compound feed for the fry (P is less than 0.05), and the fry fed by the feeding groups for 48 hours all achieve 100% open feeding.
In terms of larval survival rate, in the first rearing stage, the small zooplankton feeding group was slightly higher than the remaining 4 feeding groups, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05); and in the second feeding stage, the small zooplankton feeding group is slightly higher than the micro-particle fermented fish paste and fry expanded micro-particle compound feed matched food transferring feeding group, the difference between the two groups is not obvious (P is more than 0.05), but the two groups are all obviously higher than the egg yolk feeding group, the broodstock compound feed feeding group and the micro-particle fermented fish paste feeding group (P is less than 0.05).
2.2 Effect of different initial feeds on the growth of the Mike 3 larval Carassius auratus gibelio
The growth conditions of the carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' fry in different periods of time in each test group are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of different feeds on the growth of the Chinese 3 larval crucian carp
As can be seen from table 2, at the end of the first feeding period (day 7 after stocking), the average total length and average body mass of the larvae of the small zooplankton feeding groups were slightly higher than those of the other feeding groups, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05); in the second feeding stage (15 days after stocking), the average total length and average body mass of the larval fish of the particle fermented fish paste and the larval fish puffed particle compound feed matching transfeeding feeding group are slightly higher than those of the small zooplankton feeding group, the difference is not significant (P is more than 0.05), but the average total length and average body mass are obviously higher than those of the egg yolk feeding group, the larval compound feed feeding group and the particle fermented fish paste feeding group. The reason is that although the bait feeding rate of the egg yolk feeding group, the brood-raising compound feed feeding group and the particle fermentation fish paste feeding group is not increased, the feeding amount is relatively increased along with the increase of the body mass of the young fish, the influence on the water quality of the aquaculture water body is serious, and the ingestion and growth of the young fish in the later period are seriously influenced; the feeding density of the small zooplankton feeding group is unchanged, but the feeding rate is relatively reduced along with the increase of the mass of the fish larvae, the growth speed of the fish larvae is reduced, and the total length and the mass of the fish larvae are slightly lower than those of the fish larvae, namely the fish larvae are fed by the matching of the particle fermented fish paste and the expanded particle compound feed for the fish larvae.
3 conclusion
The micro-particle fermented fish paste and the fry expanded micro-particle compound feed are matched to replace the natural biological baits such as small zooplankton and the like, the egg yolk, the common fry compound feed and the like to carry out early-stage initial breeding on the 'middle-family 3' fry of the carassius auratus gibelio. Therefore, when the natural bait supply for fry rearing in early spring cannot be met, the particle fermented fish paste and the expanded particle compound feed for the fries can be matched as the initial feed for the early spring fries of the Chinese 3-type carassius auratus gibelio for standard rough rearing.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method suitable for 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring fingerlings of carassius auratus gibelio is characterized by comprising the following steps: installing a microporous aeration pipe at the bottom of the fry rearing pond, adopting particle fermented fish paste and fry expanded particle compound feed as main baits, and roughly rearing the ' Zhongke No. 3 ' early spring fry of carassius auratus gibelio ' in three stages; the specific operation is as follows:
1) installing a microporous aeration pipe parallel to the direction of the short edge of the pond at the bottom of the seedling culture pond at intervals of 1.5-2.0 m along the direction of the long edge of the pond, wherein the length of the microporous aeration pipe is equal to that of the short edge of the pond bottom, and connecting the microporous aeration pipe to an air blower through a connecting pipeline; adding fresh water into the culture pond to a height of 60-80 cm, stocking and breeding the carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' early spring water flower seedlings with stocking density of 2500-3000 tails/m2；
2) Feeding the granular fermented fish paste by taking the 1 st to 7 th days after stocking as a first feeding stage, wherein the daily feeding rate is 25 to 30 percent of the mass of the fish bodies in the pond;
3) taking the 8 th to 15 th days after stocking as a second feeding stage, feeding mixed bait consisting of the particle fermented fish paste and the fry expanded microparticle compound feed, wherein the daily feeding rate of the particle fermented fish paste is reduced to 0 percent day by day from 25 percent to 30 percent of the mass of the fish body in the pond, and the daily feeding rate of the fry expanded microparticle compound feed is increased to 8 percent to 10 percent day by day from 1 percent to 2 percent of the mass of the fish body in the pond;
4) feeding the expanded micro-particle compound feed for the fries in a third feeding stage from 16 days after stocking to the specification period of the fries growing into summer fries, wherein the daily feeding rate is 8-10% of the weight of the fish bodies in the pond; adding water day by day during the cultivation period to increase the water level to 100-120 cm;
grinding low-value fishes into micronized fish paste, adding EM (effective microorganisms) accounting for 1% of the weight of the fish paste, uniformly stirring and mixing, and sealing and fermenting for 2-3 days;
the expanded microparticle compound feed for the larval fish is prepared by taking 65% of white fish meal, 20% of flour, 4% of yeast powder, 2% of liver powder, 3% of mysid powder, 1% of soybean lecithin, 0.4% of various mixed vitamins, 1% of various mixed mineral substances, 0.6% of choline chloride and 3% of sodium alginate as formula raw materials, mixing the raw materials in proportion, crushing the mixture until the fineness reaches more than 250 meshes, performing modified expansion granulation, drying, crushing, re-expanding, sieving, grading and packaging.
2. The method for cultivating the early spring fingerlings of carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the granularity of the particle fermented fish paste fed in the first feeding stage is 150-250 mu m, and the granularity of the particle fermented fish paste fed in the second feeding stage is 250-350 mu m.
3. The method for cultivating the early spring fingerlings of carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the content of crude protein of the fry expanded microparticle compound feed is more than or equal to 45.0 percent, the granularity of the fry expanded microparticle compound feed fed in the second feeding stage is 250-350 mu m, and the granularity of the fry expanded microparticle compound feed fed in the third feeding stage is 350-450 mu m.
4. The method for cultivating the early spring fingerlings of carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific method for feeding baits in the steps 2) and 3) is as follows: adding water into the feed according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare suspension, and uniformly sprinkling the suspension in the whole pool; the specific method for feeding baits in the step 4) comprises the following steps: after the feed is added with water according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to prepare suspension, the whole pool is splashed in the first day, and the splashing range is gradually reduced to a feeding table in the second day so as to domesticate the fry to feed at a fixed point on the feeding table.
5. The method for cultivating the early spring fingerlings of carassius auratus gibelio 'Zhongke No. 3' as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the daily feeding times of the baits in the steps 2), 3) and 4) are as follows: feeding for 1 time in the morning and evening respectively, wherein the feeding amount in the morning is 60% of the total daily feeding amount, and the feeding amount in the evening is 40% of the total daily feeding amount.
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