CN111484364A

CN111484364A - Foliar fertilizer for reducing cadmium in rice and application method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111484364A
Application number: CN202010163758.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 向波
Original assignee: Hunan Jiuke Environmental Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Jiuke Environmental Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-03-10
Filing date: 2020-03-10
Publication date: 2020-08-04

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and discloses a foliar fertilizer for reducing cadmium in water rice, which consists of 1-5 parts by weight of potassium fulvate, 5-25 parts by weight of urea and 5-25 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate. The invention also provides a fertilizing method of the foliar fertilizer and application of the foliar fertilizer in reducing rice cadmium. The foliar fertilizer provided by the invention can reduce the cadmium in the overproof farmland by 37.9%, effectively reduce the transport of the cadmium to grains, and has the advantages of low dosage, low cost and no negative influence on soil or farmland environment.

Description

Foliar fertilizer for reducing cadmium in rice and application method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a foliar fertilizer for reducing cadmium in water rice. In addition, the invention also relates to a fertilizing method of the foliar fertilizer and application of the foliar fertilizer in reducing rice cadmium.

Background

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal element, has serious harm to human bodies, and can be accumulated in organs such as livers, kidneys and bones after entering the human bodies to cause damage to the systems and even cause cancers. The concentration of cadmium in environmental soil is low, and the background value of the cadmium in the soil in China is 0.096mg/kg, however, the problem of cadmium pollution of the soil is increasingly serious with the progress of urbanization and industrialization. In 2014, the bulletin published by the ministry of homeland on the main data achievement of the second national land survey shows that about 5000 ten thousand acres of cultivated land are polluted by heavy metals with different degrees, wherein the standard exceeding rate of cadmium point position is 7%. Compared with other heavy metals, cadmium is easier to be absorbed by the root system of crops and transferred to the edible parts of the overground part, rice is a main grain crop in China, more than 60% of people in China use rice as staple food, cadmium pollution not only causes the yield reduction of the rice and the loss of agricultural economy, but also causes health hazard to human bodies because cadmium enters the human bodies through food chains, so that the cadmium content in the brown rice of the rice in China has a strict limit standard Cd less than 0.2mg/kg (GB 2762-2017). Therefore, the food safety problem is receiving more and more attention from the government and people, and the safe production of rice is imminent.

The cadmium-polluted soil remediation is a process of adopting a series of technologies to remove cadmium in soil or change the physical and chemical properties of soil, reducing the activity and active components of cadmium in soil, recovering the normal production function of a soil ecosystem and reducing the transfer of cadmium in soil to crops, particularly to overground edible parts and underground environment. Since cadmium is relatively stable in the environment and very difficult to degrade, complete separation and control of cadmium from soil is difficult to achieve. Currently, there are several major categories of repair methods. The physical method mainly comprises the following steps: the method has the advantages of thorough effect, stability and the like, but the polluted soil to be treated has large area, complex implementation and high cost, and the replaced soil is piled up as a problem, so the actual repair is difficult to popularize; the chemical method mainly comprises the following steps: leaching, curing, oxidation reduction and the like, the method has quick response and good effect, but cadmium is easy to activate again, and meanwhile, some chemical reagents are pollutants, and are easy to cause secondary pollution when added into the soil environment; agricultural measures include: the method has the advantages that the cultivation system is changed, the variety of crops is adjusted, plants which do not enter a food chain are replaced, the method is easy to operate and low in cost, the period is long, the effect is not obvious, the rice production is interrupted, and the method is not easy to accept by farmers and is difficult to popularize; the method for extracting the soil cadmium by utilizing the super-accumulation plants is also a low-cost and environment-friendly technology, but at present, the method also has the defects of small biomass of overground parts, season limitation, no recycling value, poor economic benefit and the like. Therefore, the cadmium reduction technology which has the advantages of less research and development dosage, low cost, obvious effect and no negative influence on soil or farmland environment is the key problem of the safe production of rice in China at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a foliar fertilizer for reducing cadmium in the rice, a foliar fertilizer application method and application thereof.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a foliar fertilizer for reducing the cadmium content of the rice, which consists of potassium fulvate, urea and monopotassium phosphate, wherein the contents of the components are as follows:

preferably, the content of each component is as follows:

in a second aspect, the invention provides a method for fertilizing a foliar fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: the foliar fertilizer is mixed with water and then sprayed on the leaf surfaces of rice; the foliar fertilizer consists of 1 to 5 parts of potassium fulvate, 5 to 25 parts of urea and 5 to 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate in parts by weight.

Preferably, the foliar fertilizer consists of 1 to 2 parts of potassium fulvate, 5 to 10 parts of urea and 5 to 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate in parts by weight.

Further preferably, in the mixing process, the mass ratio of the foliar fertilizer to the water is 1: 400-500.

Preferably, the spraying process comprises two times; the first spraying is carried out in the booting stage of the rice, and the second spraying is carried out in the heading stage of the rice.

Preferably, in each spraying process, the application amount of the foliar fertilizer is 60-150 g/mu.

In a third aspect, the invention provides a foliar fertilizer for reducing cadmium in rice and an application of the foliar fertilizer application method in any one of the above aspects in reducing cadmium in rice.

Through the technical scheme, the following beneficial effects can be achieved:

1. the leaf fertilizer provided by the invention adopts three raw materials, namely potassium fulvate, urea and monopotassium phosphate, which are synergistic with each other, so that the cadmium content in the brown rice can be effectively reduced, and the leaf fertilizer contains N, P, K and various soluble organic matters, organic acids and other nutrient elements, so that the nutrient content in the rice can be increased, and the effects of preventing diseases, preventing insects, resisting lodging and the like of the rice are increased.

2. The invention mixes the foliar fertilizer with water to prepare the aqueous solution of the foliar fertilizer, and sprays the aqueous solution of the foliar fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the rice, thereby reducing the accumulation of cadmium in the brown rice and avoiding the influence on the physical and chemical properties of the original soil.

3. The leaf fertilizer provided by the invention has less raw material dosage, the total dosage of one mu of rice only needs about one hundred grams of leaf fertilizer, which is less than the dosage of dozens to hundreds of kilograms of lime, biochar and other soil base application modifiers per mu, and the cadmium reduction effect is obvious.

4. The raw materials of the foliar fertilizer provided by the invention are all commercial industrial products, the foliar fertilizer is easy to obtain, the cost is low, the effect of reducing the cadmium in the rice is obvious, the implementation and the operation are simple and convenient, and the cadmium reducing technology has no negative influence on the soil or the farmland environment, and is suitable for large-scale farmland use.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a histogram of the cadmium content in the brown rice of paddy rice in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a histogram of the cadmium content in the brown rice of paddy rice in example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a histogram of the cadmium content in the brown rice of paddy rice in example 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a histogram of the cadmium content in the brown rice of paddy rice in example 4 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

In a first aspect, the invention provides a foliar fertilizer for reducing cadmium in rice, which consists of potassium fulvate, urea and monopotassium phosphate, and the contents of the components are as follows:

specifically, the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing potassium fulvate, urea and monopotassium phosphate.

Preferably, the foliar fertilizer consists of 1 to 2 weight parts of potassium fulvate, 5 to 10 weight parts of urea and 5 to 10 weight parts of monopotassium phosphate.

In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for fertilizing a foliar fertilizer, comprising the following steps: the foliar fertilizer is mixed with water and then sprayed on the leaf surfaces of rice; the foliar fertilizer consists of 1 to 5 parts of potassium fulvate, 5 to 25 parts of urea and 5 to 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate in parts by weight.

Preferably, the spraying process comprises two times: the first time is sprayed to the booting stage of the rice, and the second time is sprayed to the full heading stage of the rice. During the spraying process, the rice leaf surfaces need to be full of water drops.

Preferably, in each spraying process, the application amount of the foliar fertilizer is 80-125g per mu of rice. The application amount of the foliar fertilizer per mu of rice may be any value within a range of 80g, 85g, 90g, 95g, 100g, 105g, 110g, 115g, 120g, 125g, and any two of these values.

The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples. The Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer is purchased from Agilent technologies, Inc., and the product model is GTA120 Graphite Tube Atomizer; urea, potassium fulvate and monopotassium phosphate are all commercially available products.

Example 1

(1) Weighing the above substances according to the weight of 7g, 70g and 70g of the raw materials of the potassium fulvate, the urea and the monopotassium phosphate per mu, uniformly mixing, and dissolving in 59kg of water to obtain the foliar fertilizer.

(2) A farmland test field is selected in a certain farmland of the Huinan carine, before rice is planted, a farmland soil sample is adopted according to a five-point method, the pH value and the cadmium background value of the soil are respectively measured to be 4.82 and 0.83mg/kg, and the farmland belongs to an acid moderate pollution farmland.

(3) Dividing a farmland into test cells, wherein the area of each cell is 18m × 7m, the rice variety is a local common rice variety, namely Tianyou Huazhan, the test cells are purchased in a local seed market, the rice seedlings are raised at the beginning of 6 months, the rice seedlings are transplanted at the beginning of 7 months, the rice seedlings are transplanted in the cells according to the planting density of 25cm × 25cm, three test cells are arranged in each test, the three test cells are simultaneously carried out, blank treatment is simultaneously set, soil basal fertilizer application and irrigation water drainage are carried out according to local planting habits, and field fine management is used for preventing diseases and insect pests in time.

(4) When the rice enters the booting stage, uniformly spraying the foliar fertilizer obtained in the step (1) on the surfaces of the rice leaves in the community according to the area proportion until the water drops are full of the leaves; and spraying foliar fertilizer once again when the booting period is the same as the booting period.

(5) After the rice is mature in 10 months, sampling according to the S shape, collecting the rice in each test cell, collecting 15-stump rice in each cell, and mixing to prepare a sample. Cleaning with deionized water, placing in a drying oven at 105 deg.C for 30 min, drying at 60 deg.C to constant weight, hulling with a small-sized rice huller to obtain brown rice sample, pulverizing, digesting, measuring blank with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer, and spraying leaf fertilizer to treat cadmium content in brown rice in the cell.

Example 2

The test point is selected in a certain farmland of Liuyang Banxi, the pH value of the soil is 5.64, the background value of the cadmium in the soil is 0.75mg/kg, the substances are weighed according to 10g, 25g and 25g of raw materials including potassium fulvate, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, the substances are dissolved in 30kg of water after being uniformly mixed, the other implementation steps are consistent with those in example 1, and finally the cadmium content in the paddy brown rice in the blank area and the paddy brown rice treated by spraying the foliar fertilizer is measured.

Example 3

The test point is selected in a certain farmland of the carignane carinate in Hunan province, the pH of the soil is 4.72, the background value of cadmium in the soil is 1.5mg/kg, the substances are weighed according to 1g, 25g and 25g of the raw materials of the potassium fulvate, the urea and the monopotassium phosphate per mu, the substances are uniformly mixed and dissolved in 35kg of water, the other implementation steps are consistent with those of example 1, and finally, the content of cadmium in the blank paddy brown rice treated by spraying the foliar fertilizer and the paddy brown rice in the cell is measured.

Example 4

The test point is selected in a certain farmland of the carignane carinate in Hunan province, the pH value of soil is 6.14, the background value of cadmium in the soil is 0.57mg/kg, the substances are weighed according to 60g, 60g and 60g of raw materials including potassium fulvate, urea and monopotassium phosphate per mu, the substances are uniformly mixed and dissolved in 60kg of water, the other implementation steps are consistent with those in example 1, and finally, the content of cadmium in the rice brown rice in the blank area and the rice brown rice treated by spraying leaf fertilizer is measured.

Fig. 1-4 are bar graphs of cadmium content in brown rice of rice tested in fields of carignan Ling and Liuyang, respectively. From fig. 1 to fig. 4, the cadmium in the brown rice is reduced by 37.9%, 30.2%, 34.8% and 20% respectively after the foliar spray treatment.

The comprehensive results show that the foliar fertilizer taking the potassium fulvate, the urea and the monopotassium phosphate as main components has an obvious barrier effect on the accumulation of cadmium in the rice brown rice planted in a cadmium pollution area, and when the foliar fertilizer is used for farmland cadmium pollution remediation, the accumulation of cadmium in the brown rice can be obviously reduced, and the health hazard of cadmium to human bodies through a food chain is reduced. In addition, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the rice leaf surfaces in a foliar spraying manner, so that the influence on the original soil physicochemical property is avoided. The cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer has less raw material dosage, the total dosage of one mu of rice is hundreds of grams, which is greatly less than the dosage of dozens to hundreds of kilograms per mu of soil base application modifying agents such as lime, biochar and the like, and the cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer has obvious effect. The raw materials of the cadmium-reducing leaf fertilizer are all commercial industrial products, are easy to obtain, have low cost, and do not need special instruments in the actual operation process. Therefore, the cadmium-reducing foliar fertilizer is a cadmium-reducing technology which has the advantages of simple preparation method, small dosage, low cost, obvious effect, simple and convenient implementation and operation and no negative influence on soil or farmland environment, and is suitable for large-scale farmland application. From both the ecological perspective and the economic perspective, the method for reducing the cadmium content in the brown rice by utilizing the foliar fertilizer application with the potassium fulvate, the urea and the monopotassium phosphate as the main components has important practical significance.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The foliar fertilizer for reducing the cadmium of the paddy rice is characterized by comprising potassium fulvate, urea and monopotassium phosphate, wherein the contents of the components are as follows:

2. the foliar fertilizer for reducing the cadmium in the rice, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contents of the components are as follows:

3. the method for fertilizing the foliar fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the foliar fertilizer is mixed with water and then sprayed on the leaf surfaces of rice;

the foliar fertilizer consists of 1 to 5 parts of potassium fulvate, 5 to 25 parts of urea and 5 to 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate in parts by weight.

4. The method for fertilizing the foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the foliar fertilizer consists of, by weight, 1-2 parts of potassium fulvate, 5-10 parts of urea and 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate.

5. The fertilization method of the foliar fertilizer as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the mass ratio of the foliar fertilizer to water in the mixing process is 1: 400-500.

6. The foliar fertilizer application method according to claim 5 wherein the spraying process comprises two times;

the first spraying is carried out in the booting stage of the rice, and the second spraying is carried out in the heading stage of the rice.

7. The foliar fertilizer application method according to claim 6, wherein the foliar fertilizer application amount is 60 to 150 g/acre in each spraying process.

8. The use of the foliar fertilizer for reducing cadmium in rice as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and the method of applying the foliar fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 7 for reducing cadmium in rice.