CN111606767A - Soil remediation agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil remediation agent and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of soil improvement. The raw materials comprise: 60-80 parts of modified zeolite, 20-30 parts of organic matters, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 1-5 parts of nano cellulose, 15-20 parts of biological agent, 1-5 parts of trace elements and 4-6 parts of granulation auxiliary agent. Also provides a preparation method and a zeolite modification method thereof. The invention has the advantages of wide raw material source, simple production process and convenient use, and can obviously improve the water retention and nutrition of soil, reduce the heavy metal pollution of the soil, promote crops to improve disease resistance and increase yield.

Description

Soil remediation agent and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of waste production, in particular to a soil remediation agent and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Currently, agricultural production faces the problem of soil pollution, and the environmental deterioration is further aggravated by the heavy use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. The soil pollution causes serious damage to the soil structure, the proportion of various nutrients is disordered, the soil starts to be acidified and hardened, the physical and chemical properties of the soil and a soil microbial community are seriously damaged, so that the water retention, fertilizer retention, heat preservation and air permeability of the soil are poor, and the actual growth requirements of crops are difficult to meet; because crops have strong dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the use amount of the crops must be increased year by year, so that pesticide and heavy metal substances are seriously remained and the survival health of human beings is harmed; in addition, after the fertilizer is applied to farmlands, the actual utilization rate is only 30% on average, most of the fertilizer flows into rivers and lakes along with the drainage of the farmlands or remains in soil, plants and crops, so that not only is the environmental pollution brought, but also the food safety of China is endangered, and the actual utilization rate becomes an obstacle for sustainable development of agriculture.

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide a soil remediation agent which can improve soil, preserve water and fertilizer and has the adsorption effect on pesticide residues or heavy metals.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a soil remediation agent and a preparation method thereof;

in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a soil remediation agent, which comprises the following raw materials: 60-80 parts of modified zeolite, 20-30 parts of organic matters, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 1-5 parts of nano cellulose, 15-20 parts of biological agent, 1-5 parts of trace elements and 4-6 parts of granulation auxiliary agent.

The invention modifies zeolite, enhances the adsorptivity, ion exchange property, water retention property and trophism, realizes the restoration of soil, retains water, reduces heavy metal pollution, improves the disease resistance of crops, promotes the yield increase of the crops and improves the quality.

Preferably: the organic matter is prepared by mixing humic acid, furfural residue, mushroom fungus residue and sugar residue.

The organic matter formula is optimized, the modified zeolite can be matched to improve the soil microenvironment, and nutrient substances necessary for crop growth are increased.

Preferably: the mass ratio of the humic acid to the furfural residues to the mushroom fungus residues to the sugar residues is 1: (0.3-0.4): (0.2-0.3): (1-1.5).

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the biological agent is one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Actinomycetes, Trichoderma harzianum, Viola lilacinus, EM bacteria and Bacillus thuringiensis. Beneficial strains can enrich nutrients, activate nutrients, improve the soil pond environment and enable crops to have the effect of resisting diseases and insect pests.

The trace elements are one or more of borax, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated manganese, ammonium molybdate, EDTA chelated copper, EDTA chelated iron and cobalt sulfate.

The granulation auxiliary agent is bentonite and/or amino acid residue. The bentonite and the amino acid residues have good bonding effect, and the raw materials can be fully mixed by adopting the bentonite and the amino acid residues, so that the slow release effect is improved.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil remediation agent, which comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight;

(2) respectively crushing the weighed modified zeolite, organic matters and granulation auxiliary agents, and sieving the crushed materials by a sieve of 80-120 meshes for later use;

(3) mixing plant ash and the granulation auxiliary agent crushed in the step (2), adding water with the mass 1.1-1.3 times that of the granulation auxiliary agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;

(4) mixing nano-cellulose, a biological agent and trace elements with the modified zeolite and the organic matter crushed in the step (2), adding water with the same mass as the organic matter, and uniformly stirring at 35-45 ℃ to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;

(5) uniformly mixing the mixed slurry obtained in the step (3) and the primary organic fertilizer obtained in the step (4), and evaporating water to dryness at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain a primary soil remediation agent mixture;

(6) and (5) granulating the primary soil remediation agent mixture obtained in the step (5) to obtain the soil remediation agent.

Preferably: the preparation steps of the modified zeolite are as follows:

1) pretreatment: washing zeolite, and crushing the zeolite through 80-120 meshes for later use to obtain zeolite A;

2) preheating: heating the zeolite A at 80-100 ℃ for 3-4 h by using microwave to obtain zeolite B;

3) reheating: heating the zeolite B at 300-400 ℃ for 2-3 h to obtain zeolite C;

4) mixing zeolite C, NaOH powder and NaCL solution with the mass fraction of 25% according to the weight ratio of 1: (0.6-1): 3-5, standing for 3-4 h, and drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a mixture;

5) heating the mixture dried in the step 4) at 450-600 ℃ for 2-3 h to obtain the modified zeolite.

Wherein, the granulation treatment: and (3) using a blowing granulator, wherein the granulation temperature is 50-60 ℃.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the soil remediation agent and the preparation method thereof have the advantages that the adopted raw materials are wide in source, the production process is simple, the use is convenient, the water retention and nutrition of soil can be obviously improved, the heavy metal pollution of the soil is reduced, the disease resistance of crops is promoted, and the yield is increased.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the examples, the single raw material, the strain and the equipment required are all commercially available products, and specific brands thereof are not limited, and the mentioned methods such as the soil heavy metal content detection method (microwave digestion method and the like) are conventional experimental methods, and may also be entrusted to a professional institution for detection, which are not described in detail herein.

Example 1

A soil remediation agent, which comprises the following raw materials: 60g of modified zeolite, 30g of organic matter, 10g of plant ash, 1g of nano-cellulose, 15g of biological agent, 1g of trace elements and 4g of granulation auxiliary agent.

The organic matter is prepared by mixing humic acid, furfural residues, mushroom fungus residues and sugar residues, and the mass ratio is 1: 0.3: 0.2: 1.5.

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight;

(2) respectively crushing the weighed modified zeolite, organic matters and granulation auxiliary agents, and sieving the crushed materials by a sieve of 80 meshes for later use;

(3) mixing plant ash and the granulation auxiliary agent crushed in the step (2), adding water with the mass 1.1 times that of the granulation auxiliary agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;

(4) mixing nano-cellulose, a biological agent and trace elements with the modified zeolite and the organic matter crushed in the step (2), adding water with the same mass as the organic matter, and uniformly stirring at 35-45 ℃ to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;

(5) uniformly mixing the mixed slurry obtained in the step (3) and the primary organic fertilizer obtained in the step (4), and evaporating water at 60 ℃ to obtain a primary soil remediation agent mixture;

(6) and (5) granulating the primary soil remediation agent mixture obtained in the step (5) to obtain the soil remediation agent.

The preparation steps of the modified zeolite are as follows:

1) pretreatment: washing zeolite, and pulverizing and sieving with 80 mesh sieve to obtain zeolite A;

2) preheating: heating zeolite A at 100 deg.C with microwave for 4h to obtain zeolite B;

3) reheating: heating zeolite B at 400 deg.C for 2h to obtain zeolite C;

4) mixing zeolite C, NaOH powder and NaCL solution with the mass fraction of 25% according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.6-1: 3, standing for 3 hours, and then drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a mixture;

5) heating the dried mixture obtained in the step 4) at 450 ℃ for 3h to obtain the modified zeolite.

Example 2

A soil remediation agent, which comprises the following raw materials: 70g of modified zeolite, 20g of organic matter, 10g of plant ash, 3g of nano-cellulose, 15g of biological agent, 4g of trace elements and 4g of granulation auxiliary agent.

The organic matter is prepared by mixing humic acid, furfural residues, mushroom fungus residues and sugar residues, and the mass ratio is 1: 0.3: 0.3: 1.2.

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight;

(2) respectively crushing the weighed modified zeolite, organic matters and granulation auxiliary agents, and sieving the crushed materials by a 100-mesh sieve for later use;

(3) mixing plant ash and the granulation auxiliary agent crushed in the step (2), adding water with the mass 1.2 times that of the granulation auxiliary agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;

(4) mixing nano-cellulose, a biological agent and trace elements with the modified zeolite and the organic matter crushed in the step (2), adding water with the same mass as the organic matter, and uniformly stirring at 35-45 ℃ to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;

(5) uniformly mixing the mixed slurry obtained in the step (3) and the primary organic fertilizer obtained in the step (4), and evaporating water at 70 ℃ to obtain a primary soil remediation agent mixture;

(6) and (5) granulating the primary soil remediation agent mixture obtained in the step (5) to obtain the soil remediation agent.

The preparation steps of the modified zeolite are as follows:

1) pretreatment: washing zeolite, and pulverizing and sieving with 100 mesh sieve to obtain zeolite A;

2) preheating: heating zeolite A at 90 deg.C with microwave for 4h to obtain zeolite B;

3) reheating: heating zeolite B at 350 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain zeolite C;

4) mixing zeolite C, NaOH powder and NaCL solution with the mass fraction of 25% according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.8: 4, standing for 3 hours, and then drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a mixture;

5) heating the mixture dried in the step 4) at 550 ℃ for 2h to obtain the modified zeolite.

Example 3

A soil remediation agent, which comprises the following raw materials: 80g of modified zeolite, 10g of organic matters, 10g of plant ash, 5g of nano-cellulose, 20g of biological agent, 5g of trace elements and 6g of granulation auxiliary agent.

The organic matter is prepared by mixing humic acid, furfural residues, mushroom fungus residues and sugar residues, and the mass ratio is 1: 0.4: 0.3: 1.5.

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight;

(2) respectively crushing the weighed modified zeolite, organic matters and granulation auxiliary agents, and sieving the crushed materials by a 120-mesh sieve for later use;

(3) mixing plant ash and the granulation auxiliary agent crushed in the step (2), adding water with the mass 1.3 times that of the granulation auxiliary agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;

(4) mixing nano-cellulose, a biological agent and trace elements with the modified zeolite and the organic matter crushed in the step (2), adding water with the same mass as the organic matter, and uniformly stirring at 35-45 ℃ to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;

(5) uniformly mixing the mixed slurry obtained in the step (3) and the primary organic fertilizer obtained in the step (4), and evaporating water to dryness at 80 ℃ to obtain a primary soil remediation agent mixture;

(6) and (5) granulating the primary soil remediation agent mixture obtained in the step (5) to obtain the soil remediation agent.

The preparation steps of the modified zeolite are as follows:

1) pretreatment: washing zeolite, and pulverizing and sieving with 120 mesh sieve to obtain zeolite A;

2) preheating: heating zeolite A at 100 deg.C with microwave for 3h to obtain zeolite B;

3) reheating: heating zeolite B at 400 deg.C for 2h to obtain zeolite C;

4) mixing zeolite C, NaOH powder and NaCL solution with the mass fraction of 25% according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 5, standing for 3 hours, and then drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a mixture;

5) heating the dried mixture obtained in the step 4) at 600 ℃ for 2h to obtain the modified zeolite.

Example 4

A soil remediation agent, which comprises the following raw materials: 70g of modified zeolite, 20g of organic matter, 20g of plant ash, 1g of nano-cellulose, 20g of biological agent, 4g of trace elements and 5g of granulation auxiliary agent.

The organic matter is prepared by mixing humic acid, furfural residues, mushroom fungus residues and sugar residues, and the mass ratio is 1: 0.3: 0.2: 1.2.

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight;

(2) respectively crushing the weighed modified zeolite, organic matters and granulation auxiliary agents, and sieving the crushed materials by a 100-mesh sieve for later use;

(3) mixing plant ash and the granulation auxiliary agent crushed in the step (2), adding water with the mass 1.3 times that of the granulation auxiliary agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;

(4) mixing nano-cellulose, a biological agent and trace elements with the modified zeolite and the organic matter crushed in the step (2), adding water with the same mass as the organic matter, and uniformly stirring at 35-45 ℃ to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;

(5) uniformly mixing the mixed slurry obtained in the step (3) and the primary organic fertilizer obtained in the step (4), and evaporating water at 60 ℃ to obtain a primary soil remediation agent mixture;

(6) and (5) granulating the primary soil remediation agent mixture obtained in the step (5) to obtain the soil remediation agent.

The preparation steps of the modified zeolite are as follows:

1) pretreatment: washing zeolite, and pulverizing and sieving with 120 mesh sieve to obtain zeolite A;

2) preheating: heating zeolite A at 100 deg.C with microwave for 3h to obtain zeolite B;

3) reheating: heating zeolite B at 400 deg.C for 3h to obtain zeolite C;

4) mixing zeolite C, NaOH powder and NaCL solution with the mass fraction of 25% according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.8: 4, standing for 3 hours, and then drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a mixture;

5) heating the dried mixture obtained in the step 4) at 500 ℃ for 2h to obtain the modified zeolite.

Comparative experiment 1

Impact of soil remediation agents on crop yield.

Selecting soil with heavy metal reaching the standard for planting rice in the past year, dividing the soil into 5 blocks, normally applying fertilizers, respectively applying the soil remediation agent prepared in the embodiments 1-4 of the invention with fine ploughing according to 100kg per mu before crop seeding, standing for 12-18 h after the application is finished, performing crop seeding, measuring yield after the crops are harvested, and meanwhile, setting a blank control group. The results of the rice yield increase experiments compared to the blank control group are shown in table 1;

TABLE 1

Item	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	Example 4
					Rice yield increase (%)	24.4	25.9	21.5	22.9

Experimental results show that the soil remediation agent can obviously promote the utilization of fertilizer, improve the crop yield, improve the soil, and has practical popularization and application values.

Comparative experiment 2

Influence of the soil remediation agent on water retention of the plot.

The soil conditioner prepared in the embodiments 1-4 of the invention is applied to an apple orchard, 100kg per mu, normally fertilized, watered once after fertilization, and simultaneously a blank control group is set; and (3) watering every 3 days by taking the accumulated change of the soil water content as more than 15-20%, and monitoring the watering frequency within 3 weeks, wherein the conditions are shown in a table 2.

TABLE 2

Item	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	Example 4	Control group
						Number of watering times	3	3	3	4	6

Experimental results show that the soil remediation agent prepared by the invention can improve the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining effects by modifying zeolite, has a slow-release effect, and can obviously reduce the watering frequency of crops in practical application.

Comparative experiment 3

Influence of soil remediation agents on heavy metal adsorption effects.

Selecting 5 land plots polluted by heavy metal, not intervening a control group, using the soil remediation agent of the embodiment 1-4 of the invention as an experimental group for the other 4 land plots, applying 100kg of the soil remediation agent to each mu, detecting that the average value of the total arsenic content of 5 land plots is 187mg/kg, the average value of the total chromium content is 573mg/kg, and the average value of the total mercury content is 18mg/kg, sampling and analyzing the total arsenic content, the total chromium content and the total mercury content of 5 soil plots during planting, wherein the results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

Item	Total arsenic content (mg/kg) of soil	Total chromium content of soil (mg/kg)	Total mercury content of soil (mg/kg)
				Example 1	13	52	0.11
Example 2	11	56	0.15
				Example 3	13	54	0.14
Example 4	14	53	0.12
				Control group	187	573	18

Experimental results show that the soil remediation agent provided by the invention has arsenic, chromium and total mercury removal effects reaching the soil detection level 1 standard.

The soil remediation agent provided by the invention not only has high heavy metal removal rate, but also has the effects of improving the soil microenvironment, promoting the growth of crops, and preserving water and fertilizer.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (5)

1. A soil remediation agent, characterized by the raw materials comprising: 60-80 parts of modified zeolite, 20-30 parts of organic matters, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 1-5 parts of nano cellulose, 15-20 parts of biological agent, 1-5 parts of trace elements and 4-6 parts of granulation auxiliary agent.

2. The soil remediation agent of claim 1, wherein said organic matter is made from a mixture of humic acid, furfural residues, mushroom residues, and sugar residues.

3. The soil remediation agent of claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of humic acid to furfural residue to mushroom residue to sugar residue is 1: (0.3-0.4): (0.2-0.3): (1-1.5).

4. A method for preparing a soil remediation agent, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight in the claim 3;

(2) respectively crushing the weighed modified zeolite, organic matters and granulation auxiliary agents, and sieving the crushed materials by a sieve of 80-120 meshes for later use;

(3) mixing plant ash and the granulation auxiliary agent crushed in the step (2), adding water with the mass 1.1-1.3 times that of the granulation auxiliary agent into the mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;

(4) mixing nano-cellulose, a biological agent and trace elements with the modified zeolite and the organic matter crushed in the step (2), adding water with the same mass as the organic matter, and uniformly stirring at 35-45 ℃ to obtain a primary organic fertilizer;

(5) uniformly mixing the mixed slurry obtained in the step (3) and the primary organic fertilizer obtained in the step (4), and evaporating water to dryness at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to obtain a primary soil remediation agent mixture;

(6) and (5) granulating the primary soil remediation agent mixture obtained in the step (5) to obtain the soil remediation agent.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein said modified zeolite is prepared by the steps of (1):

1) pretreatment: washing zeolite, and crushing the zeolite through 80-120 meshes for later use to obtain zeolite A;

2) preheating: heating the zeolite A at 80-100 ℃ for 3-4 h by using microwave to obtain zeolite B;

3) reheating: heating the zeolite B at 300-400 ℃ for 2-3 h to obtain zeolite C;

4) mixing zeolite C, NaOH powder and NaCL solution with the mass fraction of 25% according to the weight ratio of 1: (0.6-1): 3-5, standing for 3-4 h, and drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a mixture;

5) heating the mixture dried in the step 4) at 450-600 ℃ for 2-3 h to obtain the modified zeolite.