CN111471287B - 一种全降解聚乳酸单面哑光膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种全降解聚乳酸单面哑光膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111471287B
CN111471287B CN202010355757.8A CN202010355757A CN111471287B CN 111471287 B CN111471287 B CN 111471287B CN 202010355757 A CN202010355757 A CN 202010355757A CN 111471287 B CN111471287 B CN 111471287B
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褚鹏飞
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Abstract

本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种全降解聚乳酸单面哑光膜及其制备方法。现有的PLA膜均是光滑的高光亮膜,表面粗糙度很小,很难在其表面实现油墨印刷,即便是在其表面进行油墨印刷,印刷图案或文字很容易从擦除或脱落,因此,本发明提供一种全降解聚乳酸单面哑光膜,由A、B层复合而成,所述A层是哑光膜,所述B层是光亮膜,A、B层组分按照重量比1:2投料,分别通过两台单螺杆熔融挤出并吹膜,吹膜膜泡经机头处通入空气进行吹胀和冷却,然后经人字板定性、牵引辊牵引,最后由收卷装置辗平和收卷,即得到具有良好的油墨印刷性和表面硬度的PLA膜。

Description

一种全降解聚乳酸单面哑光膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种全降解聚乳酸单面哑光膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑料是人类最伟大的发明之一,是人类文明进步的象征,与传统材料(金属、玻璃、木材等)相比,塑料具有传统材料无法比拟的优势,其质轻、价廉、加工性好以及化学稳定好,深受人们的喜爱。自塑料出现之后,就迅速被应用在食品包装、农业、建筑、汽车、航空航天等各行各业中,现在人类生活的方方面面都有塑料的身影,人类已经离不开塑料。
塑料的应用有积极、有益的一面,也有不好的一面,塑料的大量使用会产生难降解对环境和人类有害的“白色污染”。
生物降解塑料的发展是治理和解决白色污染的重要途径,生物降解材料能在短时间内被自然界中的微生物分解为CO2和H2O,不会产生污染。在目前生产及应用的生物降解材料中,聚乳酸是实验室研究和工业化生产应用最广泛的材料,聚乳酸原料来源的广泛性以及生物可降解性使得对聚乳酸的研究显得尤为重要。
PLA膜常温下是硬而脆性的材料,透明度高,透光度可达90%以上,雾度1-2%(桂宗彦.聚乳酸材料的改性研究[D].华东理工大学,2012.),若PLA膜作为牛皮纸包装袋的保护膜,不仅要求PLA膜具有一定的挺度,还需要PLA膜具有良好的油墨印刷性,以便于更好的将顾客各式各样的设计元素印刷至PLA膜的表面,提高牛皮纸包装袋的美观度和高档感,但是现有的PLA膜均是光滑的高光亮膜,表面粗糙度很小,很难在其表面实现油墨印刷,即便是在其表面进行油墨印刷,印刷图案或文字很容易从擦除或脱落,因此,很有必要开发一种具有良好油墨印刷性的PLA膜,以适应当代市场的需求。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明要解决的技术问题是:如何制备一种具有良好的油墨印刷性和表面硬度的PLA膜。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
本发明提供一种全降解聚乳酸单面哑光膜,由A、B层复合而成,所述A层是哑光膜,以重量份数计,包括以下成分:
改性PLA 90份
增韧剂Ⅰ 5-8份
增容剂Ⅰ 0.1份;
所述B层是光亮膜,以重量份数计,包括以下成分:
PLA 90份
增韧剂Ⅱ 10-15份
增容剂Ⅱ 0.2份;
所述A面与B面的重量比为1:2。
具体地,所述改性PLA按照以下步骤制备:
(1)MAH改性PLA
将140重量份PLA、2.5重量份MAH和0.025重量份DCP经高速混合机高速混合后,经单螺杆挤出机熔融挤出,从进料口至出料口的熔融挤出温度为155℃—160℃—155℃—130℃,挤出机转速10r/min,将挤出样品制成φ3×10mm,造粒备用,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0002473417160000021
(2)改性TiO2
取50g锐钛型消光剂TiO2、50mL无水乙醇和100mL去离子水于烧杯中,超声20min,再加入2g KH560,超声15min,80℃下回流1h,过滤、烘干,得到改性TiO2,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0002473417160000031
(3)将100重量份MAH改性PLA、6-10重量份改性TiO2、2-3重量份胍和0.05-0.1重量份二甲基咪唑混合均匀,经双螺杆挤出机在140-150℃下熔融挤出,得到改性PLA。
具体地,所述锐钛型消光剂TiO2的粒径为0.2-0.3μm。
具体地,所述PLA挤出级树脂美国NatureWorks 4032D。
具体地,所述增韧剂Ⅰ或增韧剂Ⅱ为PBAT。
具体地,所述增容剂Ⅰ或增容剂Ⅱ为巴斯夫Joncryl ADR 4370s。
一种全降解聚乳酸单面亚光膜的制备方法,按照以下步骤制备:
将全降解聚乳酸单面亚光膜的A、B层组分按照重量比1:2投料,分别通过两台单螺杆挤出机熔融挤出并吹膜,吹膜膜泡经机头处通入空气进行吹胀和冷却,然后经人字板定性、牵引辊牵引,最后由收卷装置辗平和收卷,即得到A、B层复合的生物可降解PLA膜。
具体地,所述单螺杆挤出机的螺杆直径为20mm,长径比为25:1。
具体地,所述单螺杆挤出机的三段温度为140℃、170℃、180℃,机头温度为170℃-190℃。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明所制备的改性PLA分子结构中具有若干条PLA支链,PLA支链在空间结构中形成复杂的相互交织的紧密网络结构,这种结构在一定程度上增加了改性PLA的韧性和粗糙度,减少增韧剂的使用量,也改善了改性PLA在指尖的触感;
(2)为了降低改性PLA膜的光泽度,增加其美观度和高档感,本发明在改性PLA体系中加入一定量KH560改性的二氧化钛消光剂,一方面二氧化钛分子对光线的漫反射作用有效降低了改性PLA膜的表面光泽度,另一方面,改性后的二氧化钛通过其分子结构上的有机结构与若干个PLA分子链上的环氧酯键形成共价键,大大改善了二氧化钛的分散性。
(3)本发明制备方法简单,对环境友好,具有非常好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1:是改性PLA的合成示意图。
具体实施方式
现在结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
改性PLA的制备实施例:
(1)MAH改性PLA
将140重量份PLA、2.5重量份MAH和0.025重量份DCP经高速混合机高速混合后,经单螺杆挤出机熔融挤出,从进料口至出料口的熔融挤出温度为155℃—160℃—155℃—130℃,挤出机转速10r/min,将挤出样品制成φ3×10mm,造粒备用;
(2)改性TiO2
取50g锐钛型消光剂TiO2、50mL无水乙醇和100mL去离子水于烧杯中,超声20min,再加入2g KH560,超声15min,80℃下回流1h,过滤、烘干,得到改性TiO2
(3)将100重量份MAH改性PLA、6-10重量份改性TiO2、2-3重量份胍和0.05-0.1重量份二甲基咪唑混合均匀,经双螺杆挤出机在140-150℃下熔融挤出,得到改性PLA。
全降解聚乳酸单面亚光膜的制备实施例:
将全降解聚乳酸单面亚光膜的A、B层组分按照重量比1:2投料,分别通过两台单螺杆挤出机熔融挤出并吹膜,单螺杆挤出机的螺杆直径为20mm,长径比为25:1,单螺杆挤出机的三段温度为140℃、170℃、180℃,机头温度为170℃-190℃,吹膜膜泡经机头处通入空气进行吹胀和冷却,然后经人字板定性、牵引辊牵引,最后由收卷装置辗平和收卷,即得到A、B层复合的生物可降解PLA膜。
实施例1-5均按照上述方法制备全降解聚乳酸单面亚光膜,具体组分如表1所示:
表1
Figure BDA0002473417160000051
对比例1同实施例1,不同之处在于,改性PLA的制备方法不同:将100重量份MAH改性PLA、6-10重量份未改性TiO2消光剂、2-3重量份胍和0.05-0.1重量份二甲基咪唑混合均匀,经双螺杆挤出机在140-150℃下熔融挤出,得到改性PLA。
性能测试:
材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率均采用万能拉力试验机进行测试,用标准裁刀将试样冲裁成哑铃型,试样厚度1mm,平行段宽4mm,标距25mm,拉伸速率10mm/min。
材料的撕裂性能测试:
将试样制成片材裤型试样,长125mm、宽50mm、裤缝长75mm。测量厚度后在电子万能试验机上以10mm/min的速度进行撕裂性能测试。
材料的透光度和雾度测试:
根据GB/T 2410-2008测试材料的透光率。
实施例1-5和对比例1所制备全降解聚乳酸单面亚光膜的性能测试结果如下表2所示:
表2
Figure BDA0002473417160000061
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种全降解聚乳酸单面哑光膜,其特征在于:由A、B层复合而成,所述A层是哑光膜,以重量份数计,包括以下成分:
改性PLA 90份
增韧剂Ⅰ 5-8份
增容剂Ⅰ 0.1份;
所述B层是光亮膜,以重量份数计,包括以下成分:
PLA 90份
增韧剂Ⅱ 10-15份
增容剂Ⅱ 0.2份;
所述A层 与B层 的重量比为1:2;
所述改性PLA按照以下步骤制备:
(1)MAH改性PLA
将140重量份PLA、2.5重量份MAH和0.025重量份DCP经高速混合机高速混合后,经单螺杆挤出机熔融挤出,从进料口至出料口的熔融挤出温度为155℃—160℃—155℃—130℃,挤出机转速10r/min,将挤出样品制成φ3×10mm,造粒备用;
(2)改性TiO2
取50g锐钛型消光剂TiO2、50mL无水乙醇和100mL去离子水于烧杯中,超声20min,再加入2g KH560,超声15min,80℃下回流1h,过滤、烘干,得到改性TiO2
(3)将100重量份MAH改性PLA、6-10重量份改性TiO2、2-3重量份胍和0.05-0.1重量份二甲基咪唑混合均匀,经双螺杆挤出机在140-150℃下熔融挤出,得到改性PLA。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种全降解聚乳酸单面哑光膜,其特征在于:所述锐钛型消光剂TiO2的粒径为0.2-0.3μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种全降解聚乳酸单面哑光膜,其特征在于:所述PLA挤出级树脂美国NatureWorks 4032D。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种全降解聚乳酸单面哑光膜,其特征在于:所述增韧剂Ⅰ或增韧剂Ⅱ为PBAT。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种全降解聚乳酸单面哑光膜,其特征在于:所述增容剂Ⅰ或增容剂Ⅱ为巴斯夫Joncryl ADR 4370s。
6.一种根据权利要求1所述的全降解聚乳酸单面亚光膜的制备方法,其特征在于,按照以下步骤制备:
将全降解聚乳酸单面亚光膜的A、B层组分按照重量比1:2投料,分别通过两台单螺杆挤出机熔融挤出并吹膜,吹膜膜泡经机头处通入空气进行吹胀和冷却,然后经人字板定性、牵引辊牵引,最后由收卷装置辗平和收卷,即得到A、B层复合的生物可降解PLA膜。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种全降解聚乳酸单面亚光膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述单螺杆挤出机的螺杆直径为20mm,长径比为25:1。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种全降解聚乳酸单面亚光膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述单螺杆挤出机的三段温度为140℃、170℃、180℃,机头温度为170℃-190℃。
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